Philocalia or Selections from the works of Origen made by Basil and Gregory of Nazianzus (ch. 23, 25-27)

 of those concerning the stars, so that what is said by them may not be an unproven declaration, let them try to bring us more compellingly, by present

 to her a sign, saying: This is the sign which the Lord spoke, saying: Behold, the altar shall be rent, and the fat that is upon it shall be poured out

 of certain observations, or also from the teaching of angels who had transgressed their own order and, for the ruin of our race, taught certain things

 to be mistaken, but it is possible concerning things that are contingent to happen and not to happen to think that they happen and that they do not ha

 these past events are not in our power, it being possible on the basis of the same past events to do other things than what we do. But if anyone seeks

 It is fated for you to have children or not to have children in vain then you have relations with a woman. For just as in this case, since it is impo

 they will reasonably agree that nothing concerning human affairs comes from the stars, but, as we have said before, if anything, they are signified A

 argument, that humans are able to comprehend the heavenly configurations and the signs and what they are signs of, let us now examine if this is true.

 of human nature, not in a human way but in a divine way they are taught the secrets just as Paul, saying: I heard unspeakable words, which it is not

 they read the book of God and thus they do what is incumbent upon them. But as we said before, what we do, or what the opposing energies accomplish i

 they do away with sayings, also using the one: “The sinners were estranged from the womb,” spoken in the psalms. Now to this it is easy to reply, by a

 troubling our argument since Paul says: “But we know that for those who love God all things work together for good, for those who are called accordin

 the deeds foreknown beforehand but happening later, each from the apostolic preparation and choice. But now to apply this to the saying from the psalm

 Health, of course, and bodily strength are a good. The text reads thus: ‘If you will not hearken to do all the words of this law that are written in t

 it is necessary to raise a further question to those who suppose, whether the prophets, whose sins are not spoken against, have kept the law for exam

 of whom the prophet also finds fault with those who are in such states, saying: 'From the feet to the head, there is neither wound, nor bruise, nor fe

 who was once the morning star, rising in the morning, but later was shattered upon the earth. For not only among the sons of men, if one is perfect, i

 that the sound account concerning this Scripture is also among the hidden things. But those who claim there is another god besides the creator wish hi

 they suppose concerning God, nor to what they dogmatize concerning natures, does the argument from the reading now under examination contribute, as th

 leading him into the open and perhaps exhausting him through the action, so that having brought to completion all the outbursts of his indwelling wick

 chasten me” the one praying these things is asking not to need the reproof that comes through the wrath of God and the chastisement that comes throug

 Good masters, being long-suffering toward their sinning servants, are accustomed to say: I have ruined you and: I have made you wicked showing with

 the heart of Pharaoh” whether they believe that these things are said truly by God through the inspired Moses or falsely. For if falsely, then accord

to be mistaken, but it is possible concerning things that are contingent to happen and not to happen to think that they happen and that they do not happen. 23.9 But we will state this more clearly as follows. If it is possible for Judas to be an apostle just like Peter, it is possible for God to think concerning Judas that he will remain an apostle just like Peter. If it is possible for Judas to become a traitor, it is possible for God to think concerning him that he will be a traitor. But if Judas will be a traitor, God by his foreknowledge of the two aforementioned contingencies, it being possible for one of them to be, foreknowing the true one, will foreknow that Judas will become a traitor; but the thing about which the knowledge is, it is possible for it to happen otherwise; and the knowledge of God might say that it is possible for this person to do this, but also the opposite; but with both being possible, I know that he will do this; for not as God might say, "it is not possible for this certain man to fly," so, giving an oracle, let us say, about someone, will he say "it is not possible for this person to be temperate." For there is absolutely no power of flying at all in man, but there is a power to be temperate and to be intemperate. Since both these powers exist, the one who does not pay attention to words that convert and instruct gives himself over to the worse one; but to the better one, the one who has sought the truth and has wished to live according to it. But this one does not seek the truth, since he is inclined toward pleasure; but that one examines them, having been chosen by the common notions and by persuasive reason. Then again, this one chooses pleasure, not because he is unable to look against it, but because he does not struggle; but that one despises it, seeing the ugliness that is often in it. 23.10 That the foreknowledge of God indeed does not impose necessity on the things which it has apprehended, in addition to what has been said before this also will be stated, that in many places of the scriptures God commands the prophets to preach repentance, not pretending to have foreknown whether those who hear will turn back or will remain in their sins; just as it is said in Jeremiah: "Perhaps they will listen and repent;" For God does not say, being ignorant whether they will listen or not: "Perhaps they will listen and repent;" but as if showing from what is said that there is an equal balance of powers, so that his foreknowledge, being announced beforehand, might not cause those who hear to fall beforehand, presenting an appearance of necessity, as if it were not in their power to turn back, and as if it itself should become a cause of their sins; or again for those who, from being ignorant of the good that has been foreknown, are able in struggling and striving against wickedness to live in virtue, the foreknowledge might become a cause of slackening, as they no longer stand vigorously against sin, as if what was foretold would happen in any case; for in this way also foreknowledge might become a kind of impediment to the good that will be. Therefore God, managing all things in the world usefully, has reasonably blinded us also to future things. For the knowledge of them would have released us from striving against wickedness, and it would have crushed us, seeming to have been apprehended, so that, not having wrestled against sin, we would more quickly become subject to it. And at the same time also it became a contradiction for someone to become noble and good, that the foreknowledge had come to this certain person that he will in any case be good. For in addition to what we have, there is need of greater intensity and tension in order to become noble and good; but the foreknowledge, being apprehended beforehand, that one will in any case be noble and good would relax the training. Therefore advantageously we do not know whether we will be good or whether we will be wicked. 23.11 And since we have said that God has blinded us to future things, see if we can clarify a certain saying under investigation from Exodus thus: "Who made the mute and the deaf, the seeing and the blind? Is it not I, the Lord God?" so that he may have made the same person blind and seeing, seeing present things but blind to future things; for the matter concerning the mute and the deaf is not for the present occasion to explain. That indeed very many causes of many things in our power are of things not in our power, we too will confess; without which things happening, and I mean the things not in our power, these certain things in our power would not have been done; but these certain things in our power are done consequently

ψεύσασθαι, ἐνδέχεται δὲ περὶ τῶν ἐνδεχομένων γενέσθαι καὶ μὴ γενέσθαι φρονῆσαι τὸ γενέσθαι αὐτὰ καὶ τὸ μὴ γενέσθαι. 23.9 Σαφέστερον δὲ τοῦτο οὕτως ἐροῦμεν. Εἰ ἐνδέχεται Ἰούδαν εἶναι ἀπόστολον ὁμοίως Πέτρῳ, ἐνδέχεται τὸν θεὸν νοῆσαι περὶ τοῦ Ἰούδα ὅτι μενεῖ ἀπόστολος ὁμοίως Πέτρῳ. Εἰ ἐνδέχεται Ἰούδαν προδότην γενέσθαι, ἐνδέχεται τὸν θεὸν φρονῆσαι περὶ αὐτοῦ ὅτι προδότης ἔσται. Εἰ δὲ προδότης ἔσται Ἰούδας, ὁ θεὸς τῇ προγνώσει αὐτοῦ τῶν προειρημένων ἐνδεχομένων δύο, ἐνδεχομένου τοῦ εἶναι ἑνὶ αὐτῶν, τὸ ἀληθὲς προγινώσκων, προγνώσεται τὸν Ἰούδαν προδότην γενέσθαι· τὸ δὲ περὶ οὗ ἡ γνῶσις ἐνδέ χεται καὶ ἑτέρως γενέσθαι· καὶ λέγοι ἂν ἡ γνῶσις τοῦ θεοῦ ὅτι ἐνδέχεται μὲν τόνδε τόδε ποιῆσαι, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ ἐναντίον· ἐνδεχομένων δὲ ἀμφοτέρων, οἶδα ὅτι τόδε ποιήσει· οὐ γὰρ ὥσπερ ὁ θεὸς εἴποι ἄν, οὐκ ἐνδέχεται τόνδε τινὰ τὸν ἄνθρωπον πτῆναι, οὕτω χρησμὸν φέρε εἰπεῖν περί τινος διδοὺς ἐρεῖ ὅτι οὐκ ἐνδέχεται τόνδε σωφρονῆσαι. ∆ύναμις μὲν γὰρ πάντη οὐκ ἔστι τοῦ πτῆναι οὐδαμῶς ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ, δύναμις δὲ ἔστι τοῦ σωφρονῆσαι καὶ τοῦ ἀκολαστῆσαι. Ὧν ἀμφοτέρων δυνάμεων ὑπαρχουσῶν, ὁ μὴ προσέχων λόγοις ἐπιστρεπτικοῖς καὶ παιδευτικοῖς ἑαυτὸν ἐπιδίδωσι τῇ χείρονι· τῇ κρείττονι δὲ ὁ ζητήσας τὸ ἀληθὲς καὶ βιῶσαι βεβουλημένος κατ' αὐτό. Οὐ ζητεῖ δὲ ὅδε μὲν τἀληθῆ, ἐπεὶ ἐπιρρέπει ἐπὶ τὴν ἡδονήν· ὅδε δὲ ἐξετάζει περὶ αὐτῶν, αἱρεθεὶς ὑπὸ τῶν κοινῶν ἐννοιῶν καὶ λόγου προτρεπτικοῦ. Πάλιν τε αὖ ὅδε μὲν αἱρεῖται τὴν ἡδονήν, οὐχὶ οὐ δυνάμενος ἀντιβλέπειν αὐτῇ, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀγωνιζόμενος· ὅδε δὲ καταφρονεῖ αὐτῆς, τὸ ἄσχημον ὁρῶν τὸ ἐν αὐτῇ πολλάκις τυγχάνον. 23.10 Ὅτι μέντοι γε ἡ πρόγνωσις τοῦ θεοῦ οὐκ ἀνάγκην ἐπιτίθησι τοῖς περὶ ὧν κατείληφε, πρὸς τοῖς προειρημένοις καὶ τοῦτο λελέξεται, ὅτι πολλαχοῦ τῶν γραφῶν ὁ θεὸς κελεύει τοὺς προφήτας κηρύσσειν μετάνοιαν, οὐ προσποιη σάμενος τὸ προεγνωκέναι πότερον οἱ ἀκούσαντες ἐπιστρέ ψουσιν ἢ τοῖς ἁμαρτήμασιν ἑαυτῶν ἐμμενοῦσιν· ὥσπερ ἐν τῷ Ἱερεμίᾳ λέγεται· «Ἴσως ἀκούσονται καὶ μετανοήσουσιν·» Οὐ γὰρ ἀγνοῶν ὁ θεὸς πότερον ἀκούσουσιν ἢ οὒ φησίν· «Ἴσως ἀκούσονται καὶ μετανοήσουσιν·» ἀλλ' οἱονεὶ τὸ ἰσοστάσιον τῶν δυνάμεων γενέσθαι δεικνὺς ἐκ τῶν λεγομένων, ἵνα μὴ προκατηγγελμένη ἡ πρόγνωσις αὐτοῦ προκαταπεσεῖν ποιήσῃ τοὺς ἀκούοντας, δόξαν ἀνάγκης παριστᾶσα, ὡς οὐκ ὄντος ἐπ' αὐτοῖς τοῦ ἐπιστρέψαι, καὶ οἱονεὶ καὶ αὐτὴ αἰτία γένηται τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων· ἢ πάλιν τοῖς ἐκ τοῦ ἀγνοεῖν τὸ προεγνωσμένον καλὸν δυναμένοις ἐν τῷ ἀγωνίσασθαι καὶ ἀντιτείνειν πρὸς τὴν κακίαν ἐν ἀρετῇ βιῶσαι, αἰτία γένηται ἡ πρόγνωσις ἐκλύσεως, οὐκ ἔτι εὐτόνως ἱσταμένοις κατὰ τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ὡς πάντως ἐσομένου τοῦ προειρημένου· καὶ οὕτω γὰρ οἷον ἐμπόδιον γένοιτ' ἂν ἡ πρόγνωσις τοῦ ἐσομένου καλοῦ. Πάντα γοῦν χρησίμως ὁ θεὸς τὰ κατὰ τὸν κόσμον οἰκονομῶν εὐλόγως ἡμᾶς καὶ πρὸς τὰ μέλλοντα ἐτύφλωσεν. Ἡ γὰρ γνῶσις αὐτῶν ἀνῆκε μὲν ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀθλεῖν κατὰ τῆς κακίας, ἐπέτριψε δ' ἂν δόξασα κατειλῆφθαι, πρὸς τὸ μὴ ἀντιπαλαίσαντας ἡμᾶς τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ τάχιον αὐτῇ ὑποχειρίους γενέσθαι. Ἅμα δὲ καὶ μαχόμενον ἐγίνετο τῷ καλὸν καὶ ἀγαθὸν γενέσθαι τινά, τὸ τὴν πρόγνωσιν ἐληλυθέναι εἰς τόνδε τινὰ ὅτι πάντως ἔσται ἀγαθός. Πρὸς οἷς γὰρ ἔχομεν καὶ σφοδρότητος καὶ τάσεως πλείονος χρεία πρὸς τὸ καλὸν καὶ ἀγαθὸν γενέσθαι· προκαταληφθεῖσα δὲ ἡ γνῶσις τοῦ πάντως καλὸν καὶ ἀγαθὸν ἔσεσθαι ὑπεκλύει τὴν ἄσκησιν. ∆ιόπερ συμφερόντως οὐκ ἴσμεν οὔτε εἰ ἀγαθοὶ οὔτε εἰ πονηροὶ ἐσόμεθα. 23.11 Ἐπεὶ δὲ εἰρήκαμεν ὅτι ἀπετύφλωσεν ἡμᾶς πρὸς τὰ μέλλοντα ὁ θεός, ζητούμενόν τι ῥητὸν ἀπὸ τῆς Ἐξόδου ὅρα εἰ δυνάμεθα οὕτω σαφηνίσαι· «Τίς ἐποίησεν δύσκωφον καὶ κωφόν, βλέποντα καὶ τυφλόν; οὐκ ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ θεός;» Ἵνα τὸν αὐτὸν τυφλὸν καὶ βλέποντα πεποιηκὼς ᾖ, βλέποντα μὲν τὰ ἐνεστηκότα τυφλὸν δὲ πρὸς τὰ μέλλοντα· τὸ γὰρ περὶ τοῦ δυσκώφου καὶ κωφοῦ οὐ τοῦ παρόντος καιροῦ διηγήσασθαι. Ὅτι μέντοι γε πολλῶν τῶν ἐφ' ἡμῖν αἴτια πλεῖστα τῶν οὐκ ἐφ' ἡμῖν ἐστί, καὶ ἡμεῖς ὁμολογήσομεν· ὧν μὴ γενομένων, λέγω δὲ τῶν οὐκ ἐφ' ἡμῖν, οὐκ ἂν τάδε τινὰ τῶν ἐφ' ἡμῖν ἐπράττετο· πράττεται δὲ τάδε τινὰ τῶν ἐφ' ἡμῖν ἀκόλουθα