to rest. "And these are my ordinances, which you shall set before them. If you buy a Hebrew servant," and so on. It is necessary to examine what is law, and what is an order, and what are ordinances, and judgments, and testimonies, and commandments. Ordinances, then, are what is said here, "If you buy a Hebrew servant," and so on, the things said about him; and a judgment, that if a priest's daughter commits fornication, she shall be burned with fire; and commandments, "You shall have no other gods;" and an order, "Go down, testify to the people, and let them wash their garments;" and testimonies, "I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day." "Six years he shall serve you; but in the seventh year, he shall go out free for nothing." The liberation in the seventh, and also the cessation of works on the Sabbath, signifies for us the freedom in grace through Christ. "His master shall bring him to the judgment of God." Aquila and Symmachus said, "to the gods." They call the judges gods, and the judgment of God, their vote. "Three times a year you shall keep a feast to me. You shall keep the feast of unleavened bread. For seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, as I commanded you, at the time of the month of new things. For in it you came out of Egypt. You shall not appear before me empty, and you shall make a feast of the harvest of the first-fruits of your labors." The feasts of God, therefore, for those who have the spirit, are spiritual; and no earthly person celebrates the feasts spiritually. "For what fellowship has righteousness with lawlessness?" that I may not say what follows. An earthly person cannot celebrate spiritual feasts, just as a spiritual person cannot celebrate an earthly feast. And after a little. What is the month of new things? You will say the perceptible fruits; the month of new things has not yet arrived, the year, let us say, being later. But if a year should ever come when the earth does not even bear fruit, are we able to celebrate in the month of new things, as God has commanded those who celebrate to celebrate? Therefore, it is necessary to celebrate the feast annually. But I am again at a loss also about the second law, that concerning the second feast. For he says, "a feast of the harvest of the first-fruits." If someone sows, and the fruits are not first, but la 12.296 st, this one would not be able to celebrate the beginning of the harvest of the first-fruits. For you must have produce, that you may be able to celebrate. But what if I have no land, how could I celebrate this feast, since the text says, "And you shall make a feast of the harvest of the first-fruits of your labors, which you have sown in your field?" I have not sown, I am a builder; I have not sown, I am a weaver; I have no field, how can I celebrate the second feast? And indeed also concerning the third, "And a feast of the ingathering at the end of the year." And after other things. What does the word want to tell us that commands us to celebrate the feast of unleavened bread in the month of new things? Put off the old man with his deeds. And that you may make the feast in the month of new things, you also become new, so that the month of the feast of new things may also be your month. For this is a month of new things, and not of old. How then will it be necessary for you also to become new? Understanding the feasts, the feast of new things the apostle Paul says, "Having put off the old man with his deeds, and having put on the new man who is renewed in knowledge according to the image of him who created him." Therefore, in order that you may keep the feast in the month of new things, you must become new, and put off all oldness. Then what first feast do you keep? That it is the feast of unleavened bread, learn from the Apostle; "For Christ our passover," he says, "has been sacrificed for us; therefore let us keep the feast, not with old leaven, nor with the leaven of malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth." At the same time, gather together the things legislated concerning the feast of unleavened bread, and you will see the irrationality of those who do not pay attention to the literal text as spiritual, but despise the spiritual things as not useful. "You shall not appear before me empty." Know that every person is either empty, or full. For if he does not have

ἀναπαύσασθαι. «Καὶ ταῦτα τὰ δικαιώματά μου, ἃ παραθήσῃ ἐνώ πιον αὐτῶν. Ἐὰν κτήσῃ παῖδα Ἑβραῖον,» καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς. Ἀναγκαῖον ἐξετάσαι τί νόμος, καὶ τί πρόσ ταγμα, τί δὲ δικαιώματα, καὶ κρίματα, καὶ μαρτύρια, καὶ ἐντολαί. ∆ικαιώματα μὲν οὖν ἐστι, τὸ ἐνθάδε εἰ ρημένον, «Ἐὰν κτήσῃ παῖδα Ἑβραῖον,» καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς, περὶ αὐτοῦ εἰρημένα· κρίμα δὲ, ἵνα ἱερέως θυ γάτηρ ἐὰν μοιχευθῇ, πυρὶ κατακαίηται· ἐντολαὶ δὲ, «Οὐκ ἔσονταί σοι θεοὶ ἕτεροι·» πρόσταγμα δὲ, «Κατα βὰς διαμάρτυραι τῷ λαῷ, καὶ πλυνάτωσαν τὰ ἱμά τια αὐτῶν·» μαρτύρια δὲ, «∆ιαμαρτύρομαι ὑμῖν σήμερον τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν.» «Ἓξ ἔτη δουλεύσει σοι· τῷ δὲ ἔτει τῷ ἑβδόμῳ, ἀπελεύσεται ἐλεύθερος δωρεάν.» Σημαίνει ἡ ἐν τῷ ἑβδόμῳ ἐλευθέρωσις, ἔτι δὲ καὶ ἡ ἐν τῷ σαββάτῳ τῶν ἔργων κατάπαυσις τὴν ἐν χάριτι ἡμῖν διὰ Χριστοῦ ἐλευθερίαν. «Προσάξει αὐτὸν ὁ κύριος αὐτοῦ πρὸς τὸ κριτή ριον τοῦ Θεοῦ.» Ἀκύλας καὶ Σύμμαχος εἶπον, «πρὸς τοὺς θεούς.» Θεοὺς δὲ τοὺς κριτὰς ὀνομάζουσι, καὶ θεοῦ κριτήριον, τὴν τούτων ψῆφον. «Τρεῖς καιροὺς τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ἑορτάσατέ μοι. Τὴν ἑορτὴν τῶν ἀζύμων φυλάξασθε. Ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας ἔδεσθε ἄζυμα, καθάπερ ἐνετειλάμην σοι, κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τοῦ μηνὸς τῶν νέων. Ἐν γὰρ αὐτῷ ἐξῆλθες ἐξ Αἰ γύπτου. Οὐκ ὀφθήσῃ ἐνώπιόν μου κενὸς, καὶ ἑορτὴν τοῦ θερισμοῦ πρωτογεννημάτων ποιήσεις τῶν ἔργων σου.» Αἱ ἑορταὶ τοίνυν τοῦ Θεοῦ, οἷς ἐστι πνεῦμα, πνευματικαί εἰσι· καὶ οὐδεὶς χοϊκὸς ἑορτάζει τὰς ἑορτὰς πνευματικῶς. «Τίς γὰρ συμφωνία δικαιοσύ νης καὶ ἀνομίας;» ἵνα μὴ τὰ ἑξῆς λέγω. Οὐ δύναται χοϊκὸς ἑορτάσαι ἑορτὰς πνευματικὰς, ὥσπερ οὐδὲ πνευματικὸς ἑορτὴν χοϊκήν. Καὶ μετ' ὀλίγα. Τί ἐστιν ὁ μὴν τῶν νέων; τοὺς αἰσθητοὺς φήσεις καρπούς· οὔπω ἐνέστηκεν ὁ μὴν τῶν νέων, τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ φέρε εἰπεῖν ὀψιμωτέρου ὄντος. Τὸ δὲ, ἐὰν γένηταί ποτε ἐνιαυτὸς, ὥστε μηδὲ φέρειν τὴν γῆν τοὺς καρποὺς, ἆρα δυνάμεθα ἑορτάζειν ἐν τῷ μηνὶ τῶν νέων, ὡς κεκέλευκεν ὁ Θεὸς ἑορτάζειν τοὺς ἑορτάζοντας; Οὐκοῦν δεῖ κατ' ἐνιαυτὸν τὴν ἑορτὴν ἑορτάζειν. Ἐπαπορῶ δὲ πάλιν καὶ περὶ τοῦ δευτέρου νόμου, τοῦ κατὰ τὴν ἑορτὴν τὴν δευτέραν. Φησὶ γὰρ «ἑορτὴν τοῦ θερισμοῦ τῶν πρωτογεννημάτων.» Ἐάν τις σπείρῃ, καὶ μὴ γένωνται οἱ καρποὶ πρῶτοι, ἀλλὰ τελευ 12.296 ταῖοι, οὗτος οὐκ ἂν δύναιτο ἑορτάσαι τὴν ἀρχὴν τοῦ θερισμοῦ τῶν πρωτογεννημάτων. ∆εῖ γὰρ ἔχειν σε γεννήματα, ἵνα δυνηθῇς ἑορτάζειν. Τί δὲ, ἂν χώραν μὴ ἔχω, πῶς ἂν δυναίμην τὴν ἑορτὴν ταύτην ἑορτάζειν, τῆς λέξεως λεγούσης, «Καὶ ἑορτὴν θερισμοῦ τῶν πρωτογεννημάτων ποιήσεις τῶν ἔργων σου, ὧν ἐὰν σπείρῃς ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ σου;» οὐκ ἔσπειρα, οἰκοδόμος εἰμί· οὐκ ἔσπειρα, ὑφάντης εἰμί· ἀγρὸν οὐκ ἔχω, πῶς δύναμαι τὴν δευτέραν ἑορτάζειν ἑορτήν; Καὶ δὴ καὶ περὶ τὴν τρίτην, «Καὶ ἑορτὴν συντελείας ἐπ' ἐξόδῳ τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ.» Καὶ μεθ' ἕτερα. Τί βούλεται λόγος ἡμῖν λέγειν ὁ κελεύων ἡμᾶς ἑορτάζειν τὴν ἑορτὴν τῶν ἀζύμων τῷ μηνὶ τῶν νέων; Ἀπόθου τὸν παλαιὸν ἄνθρωπον σὺν ταῖς πράξεσιν αὐτοῦ. Καὶ ἵνα γε ποιήσῃς τὴν ἑορτὴν ἐν τῷ μηνὶ τῶν νέων, καὶ σὺ νέος γενοῦ, ἵνα γένηται ὁ μὴν τῆς ἑορτῆς τῶν νέων, καὶ σὸς μήν. Νέων γὰρ, καὶ οὐ παλαιῶν ἐστιν οὗτος ὁ μήν. Πῶς οὖν δεήσει νέον καὶ σὲ γενέσθαι; Νοήσας τὰς ἑορτὰς, τὴν ἑορτὴν τῶν νέων ὁ ἀπόστολος Παῦλός φησιν, «Ἐκδυ- σάμενοι τὸν παλαιὸν ἄνθρωπον σὺν ταῖς πράξεσιν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐνδυσάμενοι τὸν νέον τὸν ἀνακαινούμενον εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν κατ' εἰκόνα τοῦ κτίσαντος.» Οὐκοῦν ἵνα ἀγάγῃς τὴν ἑορτὴν ἐν μηνὶ τῶν νέων, νέον σε γενέσθαι δεῖ, καὶ πᾶσαν ἀποθέσθαι παλαιό- τητα. Εἶτα ποίαν ἑορτὴν πρώτην ἄγεις; ὅτι τὴν ἑορτὴν τῶν ἀζύμων, μάνθανε ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἀποστόλου· «Τὸ γὰρ πάσχα ἡμῶν, φησὶν, ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἐτύθη Χριστός· ὥστε ἑορτάζωμεν μὴ ἐν ζύμῃ παλαιᾷ, μηδὲ ἐν ζύμῃ κακίας καὶ πονηρίας, ἀλλ' ἐν ἀζύμοις εἰλικρινείας καὶ ἀληθείας.» Ἅμα δὲ συνάγαγε τὰ νενομοθετημένα περὶ τῆς ἑορτῆς τῶν ἀζύμων, καὶ ὄψει μὲν τὸ ἄλογον τῶν τῷ ῥητῷ ὡς πνευματικῷ μὴ προσεχόν- των, καταφρονούντων δὲ τῶν πνευματικῶν ὡς μὴ χρησίμων. «Οὐκ ὀφθήσῃ ἐνώπιόν μου κενός.» Ἴσθι ὅτι πᾶς ἄνθρωπος ἢ κενός ἐστιν, ἢ πλήρης. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ οὐκ ἔχει