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inscribed title. And in the case of Zechariah: In the eighth month, in the second year of Darius, the word of the Lord came to Zechariah, the son of Barachias, the son of Iddo, the Prophet. 1.10 In the days of Uzziah and Jotham and Ahaz and Hezekiah. The observation of the times is necessary, so that it might be shown how long after the things prophesied so long before came to pass, and that when weakness abounded, the care from God superabounded. For nearly most of them coincided with each other in time: Hosea, in the days of Uzziah and in the days of Jeroboam; Micah in the days of Jotham and Ahaz; Zephaniah in the days of Josiah, son of Amon. Of the rest, some wrote down their prophecies without a date, while others noted the reigns of the barbarians, as being more well-known because they were ruling at that time. Haggai and Zechariah, and Obadiah and Nahum and Habakkuk, Jonah and Malachi did not mention the times, nor did most mention their fathers. And perhaps those from distinguished fathers were able to become readily acceptable. For the more well-known are more credible; but those of obscure parents were passed over in silence. However, this Amos, whom we have included among the twelve, is not the father of Isaiah; for neither is the pronunciation the same, nor what is signified by the sound. For the one is pronounced with a rougher breathing, the other with a smoother one. And the things signified are different; for the name of Isaiah's father and the peculiarity of its sound signifies steadfastness and power and strength; but by that of the Prophet, a harsh word is indicated. The prophecy of Hosea seems to be before that of Isaiah, because it is said: The beginning of the word of the Lord to Hosea. It should be known, however, that this Uzziah is also called Azariah; for in the first of Chronicles he is called Uzziah, but in the second of Kings, Azariah, except also from the same father and mother. For the mother was Jecoliah; and the father, Amaziah. And the time of the reign is the same: fifty-two years. In the time of Uzziah, Isaiah, Hosea, and Amos prophesied. But since it is The beginning of the word of the Lord to Hosea, did he not perhaps begin to prophesy first? And, since Amos was two years before the earthquake, was it not perhaps before the vision of Isaiah, in which he says: And the lintel was raised up? 1.11 Hear, O heaven, and give ear, O earth, for the Lord has spoken. Since the prophecy was made during a wicked generation, not having any hearers among men, he speaks to heaven and earth. For in the presence of these witnesses the law was given, as Moses said: I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day; and again: Give heed, O heaven, and I will speak; and let the earth hear the words of my mouth. It was fitting, therefore, that the witnesses who were taken when the law was given, should be the same ones called for the reproof of the transgression of the law. For assemble to me (he says) your tribal leaders and your elders and your judges and your officers, that I may speak these words in their ears, and call heaven and earth to witness against them. But it has been observed that the word here is the opposite of that in the song. For there: Give heed, O heaven (or according to other versions) Give ear, O heaven; and let the earth hear. But here: Hear, O heaven, and give ear, O earth. Because when the people are high-minded, and do not depart from God, he summons heaven as being near, and exhorts it to place the words in its ears; for this is Give ear. But when it is far from heavenly things, he speaks to it as being far away: Hear, O heaven. 1.12 The same also concerning the earth. For this reason Moses, as having heaven near, because of the progress of the people: Give heed, O heaven, or: Give ear, as the others. But Isaiah, when the people were in sins and minded earthly things, commands the earth, as being near, to receive the words into its ears. For this is to give ear. Or metonymically heaven means those dwelling in heaven, just as we say a city for those in the city, and earth all those on it, so that we may not be dragged from here to think them animate

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ἀναγεγραμμένῳ λήμματι. Καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ Ζαχαρίου δέ· Ἐν τῷ ὀγδόῳ μηνὶ ἔτους δευτέρου, ἐπὶ ∆αρείου, ἐγένετο λόγος Κυρίου πρὸς Ζαχαρίαν, τὸν τοῦ Βαραχίου, υἱὸν Ἀδδὼ, τὸν Προφήτην. 1.10 Ἐν ἡμέραις Ὀζίου καὶ Ἰωάθαμ καὶ Ἀχὰζ καὶ Ἐκίου. Ἡ τῶν χρόνων παρατήρησις ἀναγκαία, ἵνα φανῇ τὰ πρὸ πόσου χρόνου προῤῥηθέντα μετὰ πόσον χρόνον ἀπήν τησε, καὶ ὅτι ὅτε ἐπλεόνασεν ἡ ἀσθένεια, ὑπερεπερίσσευσεν ἡ παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐπιμέλεια. Σχεδὸν γὰρ οἱ πλεῖστοι συν έδραμον ἀλλήλοις κατὰ τὸν χρόνον· Ὠσηὲ, ἐν ἡμέραις Ὀζίου καὶ ἐν ἡμέραις Ἱεροβοάμ· Μιχαίας ἐν ἡμέραις Ἰωάθαμ καὶ Ἀχάζ· Σοφονίας ἐν ἡμέραις Ἰωσίου, υἱοῦ Ἀμώς. Τῶν δὲ λοιπῶν οἱ μὲν ἀχρόνως ἀνέγραψαν τὰς προ φητείας, οἱ δὲ τὰς τῶν βαρβάρων βασιλείας, ὡς γνωριμω τέρας διὰ τὸ κρατεῖν τηνικαῦτα, παρεσημήναντο. Ἀγγαῖος καὶ Ζαχαρίας, Ἀβδίας τε καὶ Ναοὺμ καὶ Ἀμβακοὺμ, Ἰωνᾶς καὶ Μαλαχίας τῶν χρόνων οὐκ ἐμνήσθησαν, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ οἱ πλείους πατέρων. Καὶ τάχα οἱ μὲν ἐξ ἐπισήμων πα τέρων ἠδύναντο εὐπαράδεκτοι γενέσθαι. Πιστότεροι γὰρ οἱ γνωριμώτεροι· οἱ δὲ ἀσήμων γονέων, παρεσιωπήθησαν. Οὐ μὴν οὗτος Ἀμὼς, ὃν τοῖς δώδεκα συντεταγμένον ἔχομεν, πατήρ ἐστι τοῦ Ἡσαΐου· οὔτε γὰρ ἡ ἐκφώνησις ἡ αὐτὴ, οὔτε τὸ ὑπὸ τῆς φωνῆς σημαινόμενον. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ δασυτέρῳ τῷ πνεύματι ἀναφωνεῖται, τὸ δὲ ψιλοτέρῳ. Καὶ τὰ δηλού μενα διάφορα· τὸ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ πατρὸς Ἡσαΐου ὄνομα καὶ τὸ τῆς φωνῆς ἰδίωμα, στερέωσιν καὶ δύναμιν καὶ ἰσχὺν ἐμ φαίνει· τῷ δὲ τοῦ Προφήτου, λόγος σκληρὸς δηλοῦται. Πρὸ δὲ τοῦ Ἡσαΐου ἔοικεν εἶναι ἡ προφητεία τοῦ. Ὠσηὲ, διὰ τὸ εἰρῆσθαι· Ἀρχὴ λόγου Κυρίου πρὸς Ὠσηέ. Γνωστέον μέντοι ὅτι ὁ Ὀζίας οὗτος ὁ αὐτὸς καὶ Ἀζαρίας εἴρηται· ἐν γὰρ τῇ προτέρᾳ τῶν Παραλειπομένων Ὀζίας εἴρηται, ἐν δὲ τῇ δευτέρᾳ τῶν Βασιλειῶν, Ἀζαρίας, πλὴν καὶ πατρὸς τοῦ αὐ τοῦ καὶ μητρός. Ἡ μὲν γὰρ μήτηρ, Χαλία· ὁ δὲ πατὴρ, Ἀμασίας. Καὶ χρόνος τῆς βασιλείας ὁ αὐτός· πεντήκοντα δύο ἔτη. Ἐπὶ Ὀζίου προεφήτευσεν Ἡσαΐας, Ὠσηὲ καὶ ἈμώςἈλλ' ἐπειδὴ Ἀρχὴ λόγου Κυρίου πρὸς Ὠσηὲ, μήποτε πρῶτος ἤρξατο προφητεύειν; Καὶ, ἐπειδὴ ὁ Ἀμὼς πρὸ δύο ἐτῶν τοῦ σεισμοῦ, μήποτε πρὸ τῆς ὁράσεως τοῦ Ἡσαΐου, ἐν ᾗ φησι· Καὶ ἐπήρθη τὸ ὑπέρθυρον; 1.11 Ἄκουε, οὐρανὲ, καὶ ἐνωτίζου, γῆ, ὅτι Κύριος ἐλάλησεν. Ἐπειδὴ κατὰ γενεὰν πονηρὰν ἡ προφητεία ἐγένετο, οὐκ ἔχων ἐν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τοὺς ἀκούοντας, οὐρανῷ καὶ γῇ δια λέγεται. Ἐπὶ γὰρ τούτων τῶν μαρτύρων ὁ νόμος ἐδόθη, Μωϋσέως εἰπόντος· ∆ιαμαρτύρομαι ὑμῖν σήμερον τόν τε οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν· καὶ πάλιν· Πρόσεχε, οὐρανὲ, καὶ λαλήσω· καὶ ἀκουέτω γῆ ῥήματα ἐκ στόματός μου. Ἔπρε πεν οὖν τοὺς ὅτε ἐδίδοτο ὁ νόμος παραληφθέντας μάρτυρας, τοὺς αὐτοὺς κληθῆναι ἐπὶ τῷ ἐλέγχῳ τῆς παραβάσεως τοῦ νόμου. Ἐκκλησιάσατε γὰρ (φησὶ) πρός με τοὺς φυλάρχους ὑμῶν καὶ τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους ὑμῶν καὶ τοὺς κριτὰς καὶ τοὺς γραμματοεισαγωγεῖς, ἵνα λαλήσω εἰς τὰ ὦτα αὐτῶν, καὶ διαμαρτύρομαι αὐτοῖς τόν τε οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν. Πα ρατετήρηται δὲ ὅτι ἐναντίως ἔχει ὡς πρὸς τὴν ᾠδὴν ὁ λόγος, ἐνθάδε. Ἐκεῖ μὲν γάρ· Πρόσεχε, οὐρανὲ (ἢ κατὰ τὰς ἄλλας ἐκδόσεις) Ἐνωτίζου, οὐρανέ· καὶ ἀκουέτω γῆ. Ἐνταῦθα δέ· Ἄκουε, οὐρανὲ, καὶ ἐνωτίζου, γῆ. Ὅτι ὅταν μὲν τὰ ὑψηλὰ φρονῇ ὁ λαὸς, καὶ Θεοῦ μὴ ἀποστῇ, ὡς ἐκ τοῦ συνεγγὺς ὄντα τὸν οὐρανὸν προσκαλεῖται, καὶ ἐντίθεσθαι εἰς τὰ ὦτα τοὺς λόγους παρακαλεῖ· τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι τὸ Ἐνωτίζου. Ὅταν δὲ μακρυνθῇ τῶν οὐρανίων, ὡς μακρὰν ὄντι αὐτῷ διαλέγεται· Ἄκουε, οὐρανέ. 1.12 Τὸ αὐτὸ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο Μωϋσῆς μὲν ὡς ἐγγὺς ἔχων τὸν οὐρανὸν, διὰ τὴν προκοπὴν τοῦ λαοῦ· Πρόσ εχε, οὐρανὲ, ἤ· Ἐνωτίζου, ὡς οἱ λοιποί. Ἡσαΐας δὲ, ἐν ἁμαρτίαις ὄντος τοῦ λαοῦ, καὶ τὰ γήϊνα φρονοῦντος, ὡς συνεγγὺς τὴν οὖσαν, τὴν γῆν εἰς τὰ ὦτα τοὺς λόγους δέ χεσθαι ἐπιτάσσει. Τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι τὸ ἐνωτίζεσθαι. Ἢ με τωνυμικῶς οὐρανὸν μὲν τοὺς ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ κατοικοῦντας, ὡς πόλιν λέγομεν τοὺς ἐν τῇ πόλει, καὶ γῆν τοὺς ἐν αὐτῇ πάντας, πρὸς τὸ μὴ ἐντεῦθεν περιελκυσθῆναι ἡμᾶς ἔμψυχα