6

as reasoning proceeds. For if you should say that air is spread under the breadth of the earth, you will be at a loss how the soft and rarefied nature endures being crushed by so great a weight, but does not slip away on all sides, escaping the depression, and always overflowing upwards from what is compressing it. Again, if you suppose for yourself that water is what has been placed under the earth, you will also inquire how what is heavy and dense does not sink through the water, but is held up by the weaker nature, though so much exceeding it in weight; in addition to seeking the foundation of the water itself, and again being at a loss as to what solid and resistant thing its lowest bottom rests upon. 1.9 But if one supposes another body heavier than the earth prevents the earth from moving downwards, you will consider that it too needs something similar to support it and not allow it to fall. And if we should be able to contrive something to place under that, our mind will again seek its support, and thus we shall fall into an infinite regress, always devising other bases for the ones we find. And the further we proceed with the argument, the greater a supporting power we are forced to introduce, which will be able to resist the entire mass above it. Therefore, set limits to your thought, lest the saying from Job rebuke your meddling curiosity as you examine incomprehensible things, and you too be asked by him, "On what are its rings fastened?" But if you ever hear in the psalms: "I have established its pillars;" understand that its sustaining power is called "pillars." For what does "He founded it upon the seas" signify, if not that the nature of water is poured around the earth on all sides? How then does water, being fluid and naturally inclined to fall downwards, remain suspended and not flow away anywhere? But do you not consider that the earth, hanging by itself, being heavier in nature, presents the same or even a greater difficulty for reason. But it is necessary, whether we grant that the earth exists by itself, or say that it floats upon the water, in no way to depart from a pious thought, but to confess that all things are held together by the power of the Creator. These things, then, we must say to ourselves and to those who question us, upon what this immeasurable and unbearable weight of the earth is supported, that "In the hand of God are the ends of the earth." This is most safe for us to think, and profitable for those who hear. 1.10 Now some of the natural philosophers also cleverly argue for such reasons that the earth remains motionless. That because it has occupied the middle place of the universe, and because of its equal distance on all sides from the extremity, having nowhere it might rather incline, it necessarily remains upon itself, since the uniformity surrounding it on all sides makes any inclination completely impossible for it. But the middle place, the earth did not obtain by lot, nor by chance, but this position is natural and necessary for the earth. For since the celestial body occupies the outermost region upwards, whatever weights, he says, we suppose to fall from above, these will be brought together from all sides to the middle. To whatever point the parts are borne, to this point the whole will evidently be thrust together. If stones and wood and all earthy things are borne downwards, this would be the proper and fitting position for the whole earth also; and if anything light is borne from the middle, it will evidently be moved towards the highest point. So the proper motion for the heaviest things is downwards; and "downwards" the argument has shown to be the middle. Do not be surprised, therefore, if the earth does not fall away anywhere, since it occupies the middle as its natural place. For it must either remain in its place, or, being moved contrary to nature, be displaced from its proper foundation. But if any of these things that have been said seems plausible to you, transfer your wonder to the wisdom of God who so ordained these things. For astonishment at the greatest things is not diminished when the manner in which some of the marvels comes about is discovered; but if not, then at least the simplicity of faith

6

διεξιόντος τοῦ λογισμοῦ. Ἐάν τε γὰρ ἀέρα φῇς ὑπεστρῶσθαι πλάτει τῆς γῆς, ἀπορήσεις, πῶς ἡ μαλθακὴ καὶ πολύκενος φύσις ἀντέχει ὑπὸ τοσούτου βάρους συνθλιβομένη, ἀλλ' οὐχὶ διολισθαίνει πάντοθεν τὴν συνίζησιν ὑποφεύγουσα, καὶ ἀεὶ πρὸς τὸ ἄνω ὑπερχεομένη τοῦ συμπιέζοντος. Πάλιν, ἐὰν ὑποθῇς ἑαυτῷ ὕδωρ εἶναι τὸ ὑποβεβλημένον τῇ γῇ, καὶ οὕτως ἐπιζητήσεις, πῶς τὸ βαρὺ καὶ πυκνὸν οὐ διαδύνει τοῦ ὕδατος, ἀλλ' ὑπὸ τῆς ἀσθενεστέρας φύσεως τὸ τοσοῦτον ὑπερφέρον τῷ βάρει κρατεῖται· πρὸς τὸ καὶ αὐτοῦ τοῦ ὕδατος τὴν ἕδραν ἐπιζητεῖν, καὶ πάλιν διαπορεῖν τίνι στεγανῷ καὶ ἀντερείδοντι ὁ τελευταῖος αὐτοῦ πυθμὴν ἐπιβαίνει. 1.9 Ἐὰν δὲ ἕτερον σῶμα τῆς γῆς ἐμβριθέστερον ὑποθῇ κωλύειν τὴν γῆν πρὸς τὸ κάτω χωρεῖν, ἐνθυμηθήσῃ κἀκεῖνο ὁμοίου τινὸς δεῖσθαι τοῦ στέγοντος καὶ μὴ ἐῶντος αὐτὸ καταπίπτειν. Κἄν τι δυνηθῶμεν ἐκείνῳ συμπλάσαντες ὑποθεῖναι, τὸ ἐκείνου πάλιν ἀντέρεισμα ὁ νοῦς ἡμῶν ἐπιζη τήσει, καὶ οὕτως εἰς ἄπειρον ἐκπεσούμεθα, τοῖς ἀεὶ εὑρισκομένοις βάθροις ἕτερα πάλιν ἐπινοοῦντες. Καὶ ὅσῳ ἐπὶ πλεῖον τῷ λόγῳ προΐεμεν, τοσούτῳ μείζονα τὴν συνε ρειστικὴν ἀναγκαζόμεθα δύναμιν ὑπεισάγειν, ἣ πρὸς ὅλον ὁμοῦ δυνήσεται τὸ ὑπερκείμενον ἀντιβαίνειν. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο ὅρους ἐπίθες τῇ διανοίᾳ, μήποτέ σου τῆς πολυπραγμοσύνης ὁ τοῦ Ἰὼβ λόγος καθάψηται περισκοποῦντος τὰ ἀκατάληπτα, καὶ ἐρωτηθῇς παρ' αὐτοῦ καὶ σὺ, Ἐπὶ τίνος οἱ κρίκοι αὐτῆς πεπήγασιν. Ἀλλὰ κἄν ποτε ἐν ψαλμοῖς ἀκούσῃς· Ἐγὼ ἐστερέωσα τοὺς στύλους αὐτῆς· τὴν συνεκτικὴν αὐτῆς δύναμιν στύλους εἰρῆσθαι νόμισον. Τὸ γὰρ, Ἐπὶ θαλασσῶν ἐθεμελίωσεν αὐτὴν, τί δηλοῖ, ἢ τὸ πάντοθεν περικεχύσθαι τῇ γῇ τὴν τοῦ ὕδατος φύσιν; Πῶς οὖν ῥυτὸν ὑπάρχον τὸ ὕδωρ καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ πρανὲς πεφυκὸς καταπίπτειν, μένει ἀπαιω ρούμενον καὶ οὐδαμοῦ ἀπορρέον; Σὺ δὲ οὐ λογίζῃ ὅτι τὴν αὐτὴν ἢ καὶ ἔτι πλείονα ἀπορίαν τῷ λόγῳ παρέχει ἡ γῆ καθ' ἑαυτὴν κρεμαμένη, βαρυτέρα τὴν φύσιν οὖσα. Ἀλλὰ ἀνάγκη, κἂν γῆν καθ' ἑαυτὴν εἶναι δῶμεν, κἂν ἐπὶ τοῦ ὕδατος αὐτὴν ἀποσαλεύειν εἴπωμεν, μηδαμοῦ ἀναχωρεῖν τῆς εὐσεβοῦς διανοίας, ἀλλὰ πάντα ὁμοῦ συγκρατεῖσθαι ὁμολο γεῖν τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ κτίσαντος. Ταῦτα οὖν χρὴ ἑαυτοῖς τε λέγειν, καὶ τοῖς διερωτῶσιν ἡμᾶς, ἐπὶ τίνος τὸ ἄπλετον τοῦτο καὶ ἀφόρητον τῆς γῆς ἐρήρεισται βάρος, ὅτι Ἐν τῇ χειρὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ τὰ πέρατα τῆς γῆς. Τοῦτο ἀσφαλέστατον ἡμῖν πρὸς νόησιν, καὶ ὠφέλιμον τοῖς ἀκούουσιν. 1.10 Ἤδη δέ τινες τῶν φυσικῶν καὶ τοιαύταις αἰτίαις τὴν γῆν ἀκίνητον μένειν κατακομψεύονται. Ὡς ἄρα διὰ τὸ τὴν μέσην τοῦ παντὸς εἰληφέναι χώραν, καὶ διὰ τὴν ἴσην πάντοθεν πρὸς τὸ ἄκρον ἀπόστασιν, οὐκ ἔχουσαν ὅπου μᾶλλον ἀποκλιθῇ, ἀναγκαίως μένειν ἐφ' ἑαυτῆς, ἀδύνατον αὐτῇ παντελῶς τὴν ἐπί τι ῥοπὴν τῆς πανταχόθεν περικειμένης ὁμοιότητος ἐμποιούσης. Τὴν δὲ μέσην χώραν μὴ ἀποκληρωτικῶς τὴν γῆν, μηδὲ ἐκ τοῦ αὐτομάτου λαχεῖν, ἀλλὰ φυσικὴν εἶναι ταύτην τῇ γῇ καὶ ἀναγκαίαν τὴν θέσιν. Τοῦ γὰρ οὐρανίου σώματος τὴν ἐσχάτην χώραν ὡς πρὸς τὸ ἄνω κατέχοντος, ἅπερ ἂν, φησὶν, ὑποθώμεθα βάρη ἐκπίπτειν ἀπὸ τῶν ἄνω, ταῦτα πανταχόθεν ἐπὶ τὸ μέσον συνενεχθήσεται. Ἐφ' ὅπερ δ' ἂν τὰ μέρη φέρηται, ἐπὶ τοῦτο καὶ τὸ ὅλον συνωσθή σεται δηλονότι. Εἰ δὲ λίθοι καὶ ξύλα καὶ τὰ γεηρὰ πάντα φέρεται πρὸς τὸ κάτω, αὕτη ἂν εἴη καὶ τῇ ὅλῃ γῇ οἰκεῖα καὶ προσήκουσα θέσις· κἄν τι τῶν κούφων φέρηται ἀπὸ τοῦ μέσου, δηλονότι πρὸς τὸ ἀνώτατον κινηθήσεται. Ὥστε οἰκεία φορὰ τοῖς βαρυτάτοις ἡ πρὸς τὸ κάτω· κάτω δὲ ὁ λόγος μέσον ἔδειξεν. Μὴ οὖν θαυμάσῃς εἰ μηδαμοῦ ἐκπίπτει ἡ γῆ, τὴν κατὰ φύσιν χώραν τὸ μέσον ἔχουσα. Πᾶσα γὰρ ἀνάγκη μένειν αὐτὴν κατὰ χώραν, ἢ παρὰ φύσιν κινουμένην τῆς οἰκείας ἕδρας ἐξίστασθαι. Τούτων δ' ἄν σοι δοκῇ τι πιθανὸν εἶναι τῶν εἰρημένων, ἐπὶ τὴν οὕτω ταῦτα διαταξαμένην τοῦ Θεοῦ σοφίαν μετάθες τὸ θαῦμα. Οὐ γὰρ ἐλαττοῦται ἡ ἐπὶ τοῖς μεγίστοις ἔκπληξις, ἐπειδὰν ὁ τρόπος καθ' ὃν γίνεταί τι τῶν παραδόξων ἐξευρεθῇ· εἰ δὲ μὴ, ἀλλὰ τό γε ἁπλοῦν τῆς πίστεως