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Christ following him who went before. And what of Jesus? Permit it now; for this is the dispensation. For He knew that after a little while, He Himself would baptize the Baptist. And what of the fan? The cleansing. And what of the fire? The consuming of the light stuff, and the fervor of the Spirit. And what of the axe? The cutting out of the incurable soul, and after the dung. And what of the sword? The cutting of the Word, which divides the worse from the better, and separates the believer from the unbeliever, and sets the son, and the daughter, and the daughter-in-law, against the father, and the 36.353 mother, and the mother-in-law, the new and recent things. against the old and shadowy things. And what of the latchet of the shoe, which you do not loose who baptize Jesus, you of the desert and unnourished, the new Elijah, greater than a prophet, inasmuch as you also saw Him who was prophesied, the mediator of the Old and New? What is this? Perhaps the mystery of His coming in the flesh, of which not even the utmost part is easily loosed, not only by those who are still carnal, and babes in Christ, but not even by those who, like John, are in the Spirit.

16. But Jesus also comes up out of the water. For He brings up the world with Himself, and sees the heavens being rent, which Adam closed for himself and for those after him, just as he also closed paradise with the flaming sword. And the Spirit bears witness to His divinity; for it runs to its like; and the voice from heaven; for from there is the one witnessed to; and as a dove, for it honors the body, since this too by its deification is God, being seen corporeally. And at the same time, a dove has long been accustomed to announce the end of a flood. But if you judge divinity by masses and weights, and for this reason the Spirit seems small to you, because it was in the form of a dove, O you who are petty about the greatest things, it is time for you also to dishonor the kingdom of heaven, because it is compared to a grain of mustard seed; and to exalt the adversary over the majesty of Jesus, because he is called a great mountain, and Leviathan, and king of those in the waters; while He is called a lamb, and a pearl, and a drop, and such things.

17. Since this is the festival of baptism, and we must suffer a little with Him who took form for us, and was baptized, and was crucified, come, let us philosophize a little about the difference of baptisms, so that we may depart from here cleansed. Moses baptized, but in water; and before this, in the cloud and in the sea. But this was typical, as it seems also to Paul: the sea, of the water; the cloud, of the Spirit; the manna, of the bread of life; the drink, of the divine drink. John also baptized, no longer in a Jewish manner; for not in water only, but also unto repentance; but not yet wholly spiritual; for he does not add, "in the Spirit." Jesus also baptizes, but in the Spirit. This is the perfection. And how is He not God, if I may be a little bold, from whom you too 36.356 become God? I know also a fourth baptism, that of martyrdom and blood, with which Christ Himself was also baptized, and much more venerable than the others, inasmuch as it is not defiled by second stains. I know even a fifth, that of tears; but more laborious, as for him who washes his bed each night and his couch with tears, whose bruises also reeked of wickedness; who goes mourning and of a sad countenance, and who imitates the conversion of Manasseh, and the pitied humiliation of the Ninevites; who utters the words of the publican in the temple, and is justified rather than the boastful Pharisee; who is bent down like the Canaanite woman, and seeks philanthropy, and crumbs, the food of a dog exceedingly hungry.

18. I, therefore (for I confess I am a man, a changeable animal and of a fluid nature), both accept this readily, and worship Him who has given it, and impart it to others, and contribute mercy before mercy. For I know that I myself am also clothed with infirmity, and as I shall measure, I shall be measured. But what do you say, what do you legislate, O new Pharisee, and pure in name, not in choice, and breathing upon us the things of Novatus with the same weakness? Do you not accept repentance? Do you not give place to lamentations?

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προαπελ θόντι Χριστὸν ἑψόμενον. Τί δὲ Ἰησοῦς; Ἄφες ἄρτι· τοῦτο γὰρ ἡ οἰκονομία. Ἤδει γὰρ μετ' ὀλίγον, αὐ τὸς βαπτίσων τὸν Βαπτιστήν. Τί δὲ τὸ πτύον; Ἡ κάθαρσις. Τί δὲ τὸ πῦρ; Ἡ τοῦ κούφου δαπάνη, καὶ ἡ ζέσις τοῦ Πνεύματος. Τί δὲ ἡ ἀξίνη; Τῆς ἀθερα πεύτου ψυχῆς ἡ ἐκτομὴ, καὶ μετὰ τὴν κόπρον. Τί δὲ ἡ μάχαιρα; Ἡ τομὴ τοῦ Λόγου, ἡ διαιροῦσα τὸ χεῖρον ἀπὸ τοῦ κρείττονος, καὶ διχοτομοῦσα τὸν πι στὸν καὶ τὸν ἄπιστον, καὶ ἐπεγείρουσα τὸν υἱὸν, καὶ τὴν θυγατέρα, καὶ τὴν νύμφην, τῷ πατρὶ, καὶ τῇ 36.353 μητρὶ, καὶ τῇ πενθερᾷ, τὰ νέα καὶ πρόσφατα. τοῖς παλαιοῖς καὶ σκιώδεσι. Τί δὲ ὁ σφαιρωτὴρ τοῦ ὑποδήματος, ὃν οὐ λύεις ὁ βαπτίζων Ἰη σοῦν, ὁ τῆς ἐρημίας καὶ ἄτροφος, ὁ νέος Ἡλίας, ὁ προφήτου περισσότερος, ὅσῳ καὶ τὸν προφητευόμενον εἶδες, ὁ Παλαιᾶς καὶ Νέας μεσίτης; Τί τοῦτο; Τυχὸν ὁ τῆς ἐπιδημίας λόγος, καὶ τῆς σαρκὸς, οὗ μηδὲ τὸ ἀκρότατον εὐδιάλυτον, μὴ ὅτι τοῖς σαρκικοῖς ἔτι, καὶ νηπίοις ἐν Χριστῷ, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ τοῖς κατὰ Ἰωάννην τῷ Πνεύματι.

Ιςʹ. Ἀλλὰ καὶ ἄνεισιν Ἰησοῦς ἐκ τοῦ ὕδατος. Συναναφέρει γὰρ ἑαυτῷ τὸν κόσμον, καὶ ὁρᾷ σχιζομένους τοὺς οὐρανοὺς, οὓς ὁ Ἀδὰμ ἔκλεισεν ἑαυτῷ τε καὶ τοῖς μετ' αὐτὸν, ὥσπερ καὶ τῇ φλογίνῃ ῥομφαίᾳ τὸν παράδεισον. Καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα μαρτυρεῖ τὴν θεότητα· τῷ γὰρ ὁμοίῳ προστρέχει· καὶ ἡ ἐξ οὐρανῶν φωνή· ἐκεῖθεν γὰρ ὁ μαρτυρούμενος· καὶ ὡς περιστερὰ, τιμᾷ γὰρ τὸ σῶμα, ἐπεὶ καὶ τοῦτο τῇ θεώσει Θεὸς, σωματικῶς ὁρωμένη. Καὶ ἅμα πόῤῥωθεν εἴθισται περιστερὰ κατακλυσμοῦ λύσιν εὐαγγελίζεσθαι. Εἰ δὲ ὄγκοις καὶ σταθμοῖς κρίνεις θεότητα, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο μικρόν σοι τὸ Πνεῦμα, ὅτι ἐν εἴδει περιστερᾶς, ὦ μικρόλογε περὶ τὰ μέγιστα, ὥρα σοι καὶ βασιλείαν οὐρανῶν ἀτιμάζειν, ὅτι κόκκῳ σινάπεως ἀπεικάζεται· καὶ τῆς Ἰησοῦ μεγαλειότητος ὑπεραίρειν τὸν ἀντικείμενον, ὅτι ὁ μὲν ὄρος μέγα καλεῖται, καὶ λευϊαθὰν, καὶ βασιλεὺς τῶν ἐν τοῖς ὕδασιν· ὁ δὲ ἀμνὸς, καὶ μαργαρίτης, καὶ σταγὼν, καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα προσαγορεύεται.

ΙΖʹ. Ἐπεὶ δὲ βαπτίσματος ἡ πανήγυρις, καὶ δεῖ μικρόν τι προσκακοπαθῆσαι τῷ δι' ἡμᾶς μορφωθέντι, καὶ βαπτισθέντι, καὶ σταυρωθέντι, φέρε, τὶ περὶ διαφορᾶς βαπτισμάτων φιλοσοφήσωμεν, ἵν' ἀπέλθωμεν ἐντεῦθεν κεκαθαρμένοι. Ἐβάπτισε Μωϋσῆς, ἀλλ' ἐν ὕδατι· καὶ πρὸ τούτου, ἐν νεφέλῃ καὶ ἐν θαλάσσῃ. Τυπικῶς δὲ τοῦτο ἦν, ὡς καὶ Παύλῳ δοκεῖ· ἡ θάλασσα, τοῦ ὕδατος· ἡ νεφέλη, τοῦ Πνεύματος· τὸ μάννα, τοῦ τῆς ζωῆς ἄρτου· τὸ πόμα, τοῦ θείου πόματος. Ἐβάπτισε καὶ Ἰωάννης, οὐκ ἔτι μὲν Ἰουδαϊκῶς· οὐ γὰρ ἐν ὕδατι μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς μετάνοιαν· οὔπω δὲ ὅλον πνευματικῶς· οὐ γὰρ προστίθησι τὸ, ἐν Πνεύματι. Βαπτίζει καὶ Ἰησοῦς, ἀλλ' ἐν Πνεύματι. Τοῦτο ἡ τελειότης. Καὶ πῶς οὐ Θεὸς, ἵνα τι παραθαῤῥήσω μικρὸν, ἐξ οὗ καὶ σὺ 36.356 γίνῃ Θεός; Οἶδα καὶ τέταρτον βάπτισμα, τὸ διὰ μαρτυρίου καὶ αἵματος, ὃ καὶ αὐτὸς Χριστὸς ἐβαπτίσατο, καὶ πολύ γε τῶν ἄλλων αἰδεσιμώτερον, ὅσῳ δευτέροις ῥύποις οὐ μολύνεται. Οἶδα καὶ πέμπτον ἔτι, τὸ τῶν δακρύων· ἀλλ' ἐπιπονώτερον, ὡς ὁ λούων καθ' ἑκάστην νύκτα τὴν κλίνην αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν στρωμνὴν τοῖς δάκρυσιν, ᾧ τῆς κακίας προσώζεσαν καὶ οἱ μώλωπες· ὃς πενθῶν καὶ σκυθρωπάζων πορεύεται, καὶ ὃς μιμεῖται τὴν ἐπιστροφὴν Μανασσῆ, καὶ τὴν τῶν Νινευϊτῶν ἠλεημένην ταπείνωσιν· ὃς φθέγγεται τὰς τοῦ τελώνου φωνὰς ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ, καὶ δικαιοῦται παρὰ τὸν μεγάλαυχον Φαρισαῖον· ὃς συγκύπτει κατὰ τὴν Χαναναίαν, καὶ ζητεῖ φιλανθρωπίαν, καὶ ψίχας, κυνὸς τροφὴν ἄγαν λιμώττοντος.

ΙΗʹ. Ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν (ἄνθρωπος εἶναι γὰρ ὁμολογῶ, ζῶον τρεπτὸν καὶ ῥευστῆς φύσεως), καὶ δέχομαι τοῦτο προθύμως, καὶ προσκυνῶ τὸν δεδωκότα, καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις μεταδίδωμι, καὶ προεισφέρω τοῦ ἐλέου τὸν ἔλεον. Οἶδα γὰρ καὶ αὐτὸς ἀσθένειαν περικείμενος, καὶ ὡς ἂν μετρήσω, μετρηθησόμενος. Σὺ δὲ τί λέγεις, τί νομοθετεῖς, ὦ νέε Φαρισαῖε, καὶ καθαρὲ τὴν προσηγορίαν, οὐ τὴν προαίρεσιν, καὶ φυσῶν ἡμῖν τὰ Ναυάτου μετὰ τῆς αὐτῆς ἀσθενείας; Οὐ δέχῃ μετάνοιαν; οὐ δίδως ὀδυρμοῖς χώραν;