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vehemently, thus he besought God to be merciful. But that he did these things is not at all wonderful; for the multitude of his sins compelled him, both willingly and unwillingly, to bow down his head. But that the just man, conscious of no such thing in himself, should approach with the same self-condemnation as the publican, this is the paradox, and a sign of a truly contrite soul. For how does, "O Lord, rebuke me not in your anger, neither chasten me in your hot displeasure," differ from, "Be merciful to me, a sinner"? Rather, this is even much more than that. For the publican did not dare even to look up to heaven, but the just man did something greater than this. For that one said, "Be merciful to me," but this one did not even dare to say this; for he did not say, "Rebuke me not," but, "not in your anger;" nor, "Chasten me not," but, "not in your hot displeasure," asking not to be punished, but not to suffer this vehemently. So from every side 47.417 one can see the humility of his soul, both from his thinking himself worthy of so great a punishment, and from his not daring to ask God for complete forgiveness; which is the mark of those who are utterly self-condemned, and have persuaded themselves that they are more sinful than all other men. And what is greater than this is that he asks to receive even this—not being punished vehemently—from the mercy and loving-kindness of God, as one who has grown weak. "For have mercy on me," he says, "for I am weak." What is this? Does he who enjoyed such a testimony, and who did not forget the judgments of God—"For your judgments," he says, "I have not forgotten"—who shines more brightly than the sun, does he utter such words? Yes; for this is the wonderful thing, that while accomplishing such great things, he never said or thought anything great about himself, but seemed to himself to be the last of all, and asked to be saved by the loving-kindness of God alone, as if he were saying: "I am indeed worthy of unpardonable punishment, and of being chastised eternally; but because I can no longer bear it, I ask for a release from my present evils. Just as servants who have done countless terrible things could not say that they have not sinned, but because the pain from the whips is unbearable, they ask to be finally released from the blows." But I think he is now alluding to another weakness as well. Which one is this? The one arising in him from despondency and lamentations. For the excess of grief is accustomed, when it assails us more vehemently, to consume all the strength of the soul. This I think the just man also suffered from condemning himself vehemently, and from never suggesting good hopes to himself, but always the contrary. At least, he makes this clear also from what follows. "For have mercy upon me," he added, "for I am weak; heal me, O Lord, for my bones are troubled, and my soul is troubled exceedingly," having said before, "O Lord, rebuke me not in your anger." But if he who had so clear a conscience asks that a strict examination of his deeds not be made, what shall we do, who are threatened with so many evils, and so far removed from his boldness, and have not shown even the smallest part of that confession? From where, then, did the blessed one confess so? He had been taught that no one will be justified before God, and that even the righteous is scarcely saved. For this reason he sometimes exhorts, saying, "Enter not into judgment with your servant," and at other times, "Have mercy on me, O Lord, for I am weak."

5. For this is worthy of consideration everywhere, how he nowhere mentions his own good deeds, but casts his own salvation upon the loving-kindness of God. For this is of a contrite soul, this

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σφοδρῶς, οὕτω παρεκάλει ἵλεων γενέσθαι τὸν Θεόν. Ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν ἐκεῖνον ταῦτα ποιεῖν οὐδὲν θαυμαστόν· τὸ γὰρ τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων πλῆθος καὶ ἑκόντα αὐτὸν καὶ ἄκοντα κάτω κύπτειν ἠνάγκαζε· τὸ δὲ τὸν δίκαιον καὶ μηδὲν ἑαυτῷ συνειδότα τοιοῦτον μετὰ τῆς αὐτῆς τῷ τελώνῃ προσιέναι καταγνώσεως, τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ παράδοξον, καὶ ψυχῆς ὄντως συντετριμμένης σημεῖον. Τοῦ γὰρ, Ἱλάσθητί μοι τῷ ἁμαρτωλῷ, τί διενήνοχε τὸ, Κύριε, μὴ τῷ θυμῷ σου ἐλέγξῃς με, μηδὲ τῇ ὀργῇ σου παιδεύσῃς με; Μᾶλλον δὲ τοῦτο ἐκείνου καὶ πολλῷ πλέον ἐστίν. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ τελώνης οὐδὲ ἀναβλέψαι εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν οὐκ ἐτόλμησεν, ὁ δὲ δίκαιος τούτου μεῖζον ἐποίησεν. Ἐκεῖνος μὲν γὰρ ἔλεγεν, Ἱλάσθητί μοι, οὗτος δὲ οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἐθάῤῥησεν εἰπεῖν· οὐ γὰρ εἶπε, Μὴ ἐλέγξῃς με, ἀλλὰ, Μὴ τῷ θυμῷ σου, οὐδὲ, Μὴ παιδεύσῃς με, ἀλλὰ, Μὴ τῇ ὀργῇ σου, οὐ τὸ μὴ κολασθῆναι, ἀλλὰ τὸ μὴ σφόδρα τοῦτο παθεῖν αἰτῶν. Ὥστε πάντοθεν 47.417 αὐτοῦ τὸ ταπεινὸν τῆς ψυχῆς ἔστιν ἰδεῖν, ἀπό τε τοῦ τοσαύτης ἑαυτὸν κολάσεως ἄξιον εἶναι νομίζειν, ἀπό τε τοῦ μὴ τολμᾷν ὑπὲρ παντελοῦς συγχωρήσεως ἀξιοῦν τὸν Θεόν· ὃ τῶν σφόδρα κατεγνωσμένων ἐστὶ, καὶ πεπεικότων ἑαυτοὺς ὅτι πάντων εἰσὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἁμαρτωλότεροι. Καὶ τὸ δὴ τούτου μεῖζον, ὅτι καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ μὴ σφόδρα κολασθῆναι ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐλέους καὶ τῆς φιλανθρωπίας τοῦ Θεοῦ λαβεῖν, ὡς ἐξησθενηκὼς, ἀξιοῖ· Ἐλέησον γάρ με, φησὶν, ὅτι ἀσθενής εἰμι. Τί τοῦτο; ὁ τοιαύτης μαρτυρίας ἀπολαύσας, καὶ τὰ κρίματα τοῦ Θεοῦ μὴ ἐπιλανθανόμενος Τὰ κρίματά σου γὰρ, φησὶν, οὐκ ἐπελαθόμην, ὁ τοῦ ἡλίου φαιδρότερον λάμπων, οὗτος τοιαῦτα φθέγγεται ῥήματα; Ναί· τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι τὸ θαυμαστὸν, ὅτι οὕτω μεγάλα κατορθῶν οὐδὲν οὐδέποτε μέγα οὔτε εἶπέ τι, οὔτε ἐνόμισε περὶ ἑαυτοῦ, ἀλλὰ πάντων ἔσχατον ἑαυτὸν εἶναι ἐδόκει, καὶ ἀπὸ μόνης ἠξίου τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ σώζεσθαι φιλανθρωπίας, ὡσανεὶ ἔλεγεν· Ἄξιος μὲν εἰμὶ τιμωρίας ἀπαραιτήτου, καὶ τοῦ κολασθῆναι ἀθάνατα· διὰ δὲ τὸ μηκέτι δύνασθαι φέρειν ἀξιῶ μοι λύσιν γενέσθαι τῶν παρόντων κακῶν· καθάπερ τῶν οἰκετῶν οἱ μυρία ἐργασάμενοι δεινὰ, ὅτι μὲν οὐχ ἥμαρτον οὐκ ἂν ἔχοιεν εἰπεῖν, διὰ δὲ τὸ τὴν ὀδύνην ἀφόρητον εἶναι τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν μαστίγων, ἀξιοῦσιν ἀνεθῆναι λοιπὸν τῶν πληγῶν. Ἐγὼ δὲ αὐτὸν καὶ ἄλλην ἀσθένειαν οἶμαι αἰνίττεσθαι νῦν. Τίνα δὴ ταύτην; τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς ἀθυμίας καὶ τῶν ὀδυρμῶν ἐγγινομένην αὐτῷ. Εἴωθε γὰρ ἡ τῆς λύπης ὑπερβολὴ, ὅταν ἡμῖν ἐπισκήψῃ σφοδρότερον, ἅπασαν περιτρώγειν τῆς ψυχῆς τὴν ἰσχύν. Ὅπερ οἶμαι καὶ τὸν δίκαιον πεπονθέναι ἐκ τοῦ σφόδρα καταγινώσκειν ἑαυτοῦ, καὶ μηδέποτε χρηστὰς ἑαυτῷ ὑποτείνειν ἐλπίδας, ἀλλὰ τὰς ἐναντίας ἀεί. Τοῦτο γοῦν καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἑξῆς δῆλον ποιεῖ· Ἐλέησον γάρ με, ἐπήγαγεν, ὅτι ἀσθενής εἰμι· ἴασαί με, Κύριε, ὅτι ἐταράχθη τὰ ὀστᾶ μου, καὶ ἡ ψυχή μου ἐταράχθη σφόδρα, πρότερον εἰπών· Κύριε, μὴ τῷ θυμῷ σου ἐλέγξῃς με. Εἰ δὲ ὁ συνειδὸς ἔχων οὕτω καθαρὸν ἀξιοῖ μὴ γενέσθαι τῶν πεπραγμένων ἐξέτασιν ἀκριβῆ, τί ποιήσομεν ἡμεῖς οἱ τοσούτοις ἐναπειλημμένοι κακοῖς, καὶ τοσοῦτον ἀπᾴδοντες τῆς παῤῥησίας ἐκείνου, καὶ μηδὲ τὸ πολλοστὸν τῆς ἐξομολογήσεως ἐκείνης ἐπιδειξάμενοι μέρος; Πόθεν οὖν ὁ μακάριος οὕτως ἐξωμολογεῖτο; Πεπαίδευτο ὅτι οὐδεὶς δικαιωθήσεται ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ ὅτι καὶ ὁ δίκαιος μόλις σώζεται. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο ποτὲ μὲν παρακαλεῖ λέγων, Μὴ εἰσέλθῃς εἰς κρίσιν μετὰ τοῦ δούλου σου· ποτὲ δὲ, Ἐλέησόν με, Κύριε, ὅτι ἀσθενής εἰμι.

εʹ. Τοῦτο γὰρ ἄξιον πανταχοῦ σκοπεῖν, πῶς οὐδαμοῦ μέμνηται τῶν οἰκείων κατορθωμάτων, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τὴν φιλανθρωπίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ ῥίπτει τὴν σωτηρίαν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ. Τοῦτο γὰρ συντετριμμένης ψυχῆς, τοῦτο