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nor again was he wholly more victorious or more salvific than himself. For this reason, even when suffering He was truly God, and when working wonders the same was truly man, because He was a true hypostasis of true natures in an ineffable union. Acting in them fittingly and appropriately, he was shown saving them truly unconfused, while being himself preserved; since he remained by nature impassible and passible, immortal and mortal, visible and intelligible, as the same one is by nature God and by nature man.

Thus, then, in my opinion, the one who is by nature Lord honors obedience, and is tested in this by suffering, not only in order that He might save all nature by cleansing it of what is worse by his own [sufferings], but also in order that He might test our obedience by learning from experience of our affairs the things concerning us, He who by nature circumscribes all knowledge, how much is required of us, and how much is conceded to us for perfect submission, through which He is naturally disposed to bring to the Father those who are being saved, having appeared according to Him in the power of grace. How great and truly awesome is the mystery of our salvation. (14∆_032> For what concerns us is required of us as much as He by nature [did], and what concerns us is conceded to us as much as He, for our sake, in union [did]. Unless perhaps the disposition of a sin-loving will makes the weakness of nature the matter of evil. And this great teacher is clearly of this mind, confirming it in the following. For he says: "For if the light was persecuted because of the problem, shining in the darkness, in this life, by the other darkness, I mean of the evil one and the tempter, how much the darkness, as being weaker? And what wonder is it, if while he escaped completely, we should be overtaken in some way? For it was a greater thing for him to be persecuted than for us to be overtaken, in the eyes of those who reason rightly about these things."

E' ON THE [EPISTLE] TO GAIUS ... OF DIONYSIUS ... "HOW, YOU SAY, JESUS, THE ONE BEYOND ALL

THINGS..". On the epistle to Gaius the monk of Dionysius the

Areopagite, bishop of Athens: "How, you say, is Jesus, who is beyond all things, essentially ranked with all men? For He is not here called man as the cause of men, but as He is Himself truly man in His whole essence."

Since according to the simple interpretation of the Holy Scripture, God as the cause of all things is signified by all the 1048 names derived from Him, and since one might suppose, perhaps, that even after the incarnation God is again called man only in this way, the great Dionysius corrects the monk Gaius with these words, teaching that the God of all, having been incarnate, is not simply called man but as He is Himself truly man in His whole essence. Of which the sole and true proof is its constitutive power according to nature, which one would not err (14∆_034> from the truth in calling a natural energy, properly and primarily characteristic of it, as being an essentializing movement, the most general of every containing property naturally belonging to it, without which there is only that which is not, since only that which in no way is, according to this great teacher, has neither movement nor existence.

At any rate, he teaches most clearly that the incarnate God has denied absolutely nothing of ours, except sin, since it was not of nature, expressly declaring Him to be not simply a man, but Himself truly man in His whole essence. For whom, maintaining through the following that the title also properly belongs to Him who was humanly substantiated, he says: "But we do not define Jesus in a human way." Since we do not teach that he is a mere man, severing the union which is beyond understanding. For essentially, and not as the cause of men, in the case of Him who is by nature

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οὐδ᾿ αὐτοῦ πάλιν τῶν ἑαυτοῦ παντελῶς ἐνικώτερον ἤ σωστικώτερον. ∆ιά τοῦτο καί πάσχων Θεός ἦν ἀληθῶς, καί θαυματουργῶν ἄνθρωπος ἦν ὁ αὐτός ἀληθῶς, ὅτι καί φύσεων ἀληθῶν καθ᾿ ἕνωσιν ἄῤῥητον ὑπόστασις ἦν ἀληθής. Αἷς καταλλήλως τε καί προσφυῶς ἐνεργῶν ἐδείκνυτο σώζων αὐτάς ἀληθῶς ἀσυγχύτους σωζόμενος· εἴπερ ἀπαθής μεμένηκε φύσει καί παθητός, ἀθάνατος καί θνητός, ὁρατός καί νοούμενος, ὡς φύσει Θεός καί φύσει ἄνθρωπος ὁ αὐτός.

Οὕτω μέν οὖν, κατ᾿ ἐμέ φάναι, τιμᾷ τήν ὑπακοήν ὁ φύσει ∆εσπότης, καί πειρᾶται ταύτης ἐκ τοῦ παθεῖν, οὐχ ἵνα σώσῃ μόνον τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ τήν ἅπασαν φύσιν ἀποκαθάρας τοῦ χείρονος, ἀλλ᾿ ἵνα καί τήν ἡμετέραν ὑπακοήν δοκιμάσῃ μανθάνων τῇ πείρᾳ τῶν ἡμετέρων τά καθ᾿ ἡμᾶς, ὁ πᾶσαν γνῶσιν τῇ φύσει περιγράφων, πόσον μέν ἀπαιτούμεθα, πόσον δέ συγχωρούμεθα πρός τήν τελείαν ὑποταγήν, δι᾿ ἧς προσάγειν πέφυκε τῷ Πατρί τούς σωζομένους, κατ᾿ αὐτόν φανέντας τῇ δυνάμει τῆς χάριτος. Ὡς μέγα καί φρικτόν ὄντως τό τῆς ἡμῶν σωτηρίας μυστήριον. (14∆_032> Ἀπαιτούμεθα γάρ ὅσον ἐκεῖνος φύσει τό καθ᾿ ἡμᾶς, συγχωρούμεθα δέ ὅσον αὐτός ὑπέρ ἡμᾶς ἑνώσει τό καθ᾿ ἡμᾶς. Εἰ μήπου γνώμης φιλαμαρτήμονος ἕξις ποιεῖται κακίας ὕλην τῆς φύσεως τήν ἀσθένειαν. Καί δῆλός ἐστι ταύτης ὑπάρχων τῆς ἐννοίας ὁ πολύς οὗτος διδάσκαλος, τοῖς ἑξῆς αὐτήν βεβαιῶν. Φησί γάρ· " Εἰ γάρ τό φῶς ἐδιώχθη διά τό πρόβλημα, φαῖνον ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ, τῷ βίῳ τούτῳ, ὑπό τῆς ἄλλης σκοτίας, τοῦ πονηροῦ λέγω καί τοῦ πειραστοῦ, τό σκότος πόσον, ὡς ἀσθενέστερον; Καί τί θαυμαστόν, εἰ ἐκείνου διαφυγόντος παντάπασιν ἡμεῖς ποσῶς καταληφθείημεν; Μεῖζον γάρ ἐκείνῳ τό διωχθῆναι, ἤπερ ἡμῖν τό καταληφθῆναι, παρά τοῖς ὀρθῶς ταῦτα λογιζομένοις».

Ε' ΕΙΣ ΤΗΝ ΠΡΟΣ ΓΑΪΟΝ ... ΤΟΥ ∆ΙΟΝΥΣΙΟΥ ... "ΠΩΣ, ΦΗΣ, ΙΗΣΟΥΣ Ο ΠΑΝΤΩΝ

ΕΠΕΚΕΙΝΑ ..». Εἰς τήν πρός Γάϊον τόν θεραπευτήν ἐπιστολήν τοῦ ∆ιονυσίου τοῦ

Ἀρεοπαγίτου, ἐπισκόπου Ἀθηνῶν· " Πῶς, φής, Ἰησοῦς, ὁ πάντων ἐπέκεινα, πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ἐστίν οὐσιωδῶς συντεταγμένος; Οὐδέ γάρ ὡς αἴτιος ἀνθρώπων ἐνθάδε λέγεται ἄνθρωπος, ἀλλ᾿ ὡς αὐτός κατ᾿ οὐσίαν ὅλην ἀληθῶς ἄνθρωπος ὤν».

Ἐπειδή κατά τήν ἁπλῆν ἐκδοχήν τῆς ἁγίας Γραφῆς, ὡς πάντων αἴτιος ὁ Θεός

πᾶσι σημαίνεται τοῖς 1048 τῶν ἐξ αὐτοῦ παρηγμένων ὀνόμασιν, οἰόμενον, τυχόν, καί μετά τήν σάρκωσιν τούτῳ μόνῳ τῷ τρόπῳ πάλιν ἄνθρωπον τόν Θεόν ὀνομάζεσθαι τούτοις τόν θεραπευτήν Γάϊον ἐπανορθοῦται τοῖς ῥήμασιν ὁ πολύς ∆ιονύσιος, διδάσκων ὡς οὐχ ἁπλῶς ὁ τῶν ὅλων Θεός σαρκωθείς λέγεται ἄνθρωπος ἀλλ᾿ ὡς αὐτό κατ᾿ οὐσίαν ὅλην ἀληθῶς ἄνθρωπος ὤν. Ἧς μόνη τε καί ἀληθής ἐστιν ἀπόδειξις ἡ κατά φύσιν αὐτῆς συστατική δύναμις, ἥν οὐκ ἄν τις ἁμάρτοι (14∆_034> τῆς ἀληθείας φυσικήν φήσας ἐνέργειαν, κυρίως τε καί πρώτως χαρακτηριστικήν αὐτῆς, ὡς εἰδοποιόν ὑπάρχουσαν κίνησιν, γενικωτάτην πάσης τῆς φυσικῶς αὐτῇ προσούσης περιεκτικῆς ἰδιότητος, ἧς χωρίς μόνον ἐστί τό μή ὄν, ὡς μόνου τοῦ μηδαμῶς ὄντος, κατά τοῦτον τόν μέγαν διδάσκαλον, οὔτε κίνησιν οὔτε ὕπαρξιν ἔχοντος.

Τρανότατα γοῦν διδάσκει μηδέν ἠρνῆσθαι παντάπασι τῶν ἡμετέρων τόν Θεόν σαρκωθέντα, πλήν τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ἐπεί μηδέ τῆς φύσεως ἦν, οὐχ ἁπλῶς ἄνθρωπον, ἀλλ᾿ αὐτό κατ᾿ οὐσίαν ὅλην ἀληθῶς ἄνθρωπον ὄντα διαῤῥήδην ἀποφηνάμενος. Οὗ κυρίως εἶναι διά τῶν ἐπαγομένων καί τήν κλῆσιν ἀνθρωπικῶς οὐσιωθέντος διατεινόμενός φησιν· " Ἡμεῖς δέ τόν Ἰησοῦν οὐκ ἀνθρωπικῶς ἀφορίζομεν». Ἐπεί μή ψιλόν ἄνθρωπον αὐτόν δογματίζομεν, τέμνοντες τήν ὑπέρ ἔννοιαν ἕνωσιν. Οὐσιωδῶς γάρ, ἀλλ᾿ οὐχ ὡς ἀνθρώπων αἰτίου ἐπ᾿ αὐτοῦ τοῦ φύσει