and to a rival. Let others, then, measure you against and compare you with whomever they wish, but I, though I seem to make a strange and dissimilar comparison, in comparing you to the sun will show the clear likeness. It has beauty and size and a circular shape, and a twofold motion: the one contrary to nature through the revolution of the universe, the other according to nature, I mean, toward the east and toward the west. And what of you? Are you not fair in beauty beyond the sons of men? Do you not partake of the first beauty in the form of your soul? Is there not an intelligible magnitude to you, by which you touch the heavenly vaults? Do you not turn your mind in a circle, equal and like to yourself? Is not the first and indivisible motion of the soul like the middle of a center, and the mind that surrounds it a circle, and the virtues that lead to it a line? Are you not the same, self-moved and moved by another, now moved from the rising of the first sun, now from the west, from the earthy and lowly nature? Are you not inspired, not wholly transformed and moved by the nod of God? And what of your physical attributes? How very much they rival and reflect the sun, you flash with golden locks, you are fire-colored with inimitable complexions, you shine with ineffable beauties, you gleam with untold splendors. Not wholly a sun, not brighter than the sun, I would say. Very well. But it travels everywhere, now rising to the north, now being driven in winter toward the south. And what is new in that? For even the nature of a bird could do this. But our emperor, from one of the points of the east, from its ineffable radiance, fills all things. And I can find something more in you: that it makes an oblique and inclined motion, standing twice perhaps perpendicular to the equatorial zone, but your motion is unerring. And your course is straight and undeviating. And it, passing under the earth, returns again, but you are ever unable to be set and above the earth. And if you ever once come to the west, I fear that this will become the disappearance of the whole cosmos and the extinguishing of the luminaries. Thus, then, we have fittingly rendered the comparison, and in some way for some reason we have even won. May you be, O emperor, ever more a lover of philosophy and with it adorn your reign, which the earthly realm has not been able to contain, having its hearth with God, but has received the mind as its dwelling, and if you receive this as it descends, to the best of your ability, you may both become a god yourself and make us so. 2 Oration to the Emperor Monomachus. The present time is fleeting, O greatest emperor, and has no foundation or stability, and the affairs within it are transient, flowing by and moving together with its ceaseless stream. But the wise men of old, being very powerful in speech, in a way made the unstable stand still and fixed the unseated, casting upon them an unbreakable bond: their writings. For Homer, who knew all things were offspring of flux and motion, as he himself somewhere wishes in the passages where he introduces Oceanus as progenitor, did not let the evils of the Iliad escape, nor the fleet of the Achaeans, nor the valiant deeds of the best heroes, but he bound them in his poems, setting himself against nature itself. And it is possible now to see Helen being seized, the Achaeans sailing in, those in the war being struck, those striking, and all that the first cause of the trouble brought forth. And Plato too, the all-wise, and adhering more to this doctrine, that being cannot be predicated of things in flux, but only becoming and being made and perishing, did not allow the Socratic dialogues to flow away, nor the erotic conversations of the beautiful Phaedrus, nor the definitions concerning knowledge of the gifted Theaetetus, nor the opinions about the soul of Simmias and Cebes, but the thoughts of the greatest men, which were in danger of departing along with time and of being hidden, as they say, in the depths of oblivion, he held back with his words and did not permit to pass by. But now there is no one who can master the unmasterable, not with words
καὶ πρὸς ἀνθάμιλλον. ἄλλοι μὲν οὖν οἷς ἂν βούλοιντο παραμετρείτωσάν σε καὶ ἀντεξεταζέτωσαν, ἐγὼ δέ, εἰ καὶ καινήν τινα καὶ ἀνόμοιον δόξω ποιεῖν τὴν παράθεσιν, ἡλίῳ σε παραβάλλων σαφῆ δώσω τὴν ὁμοιότητα. Κάλλος ἐκείνῳ καὶ μέγεθος καὶ σχῆμα περιφερές, καὶ διπλῆ κίνησις· ἡ μὲν ὑπὲρ φύσιν διὰ τὴν συμπεριφορὰν τοῦ παντός, ἡ δὲ κατὰ φύσιν, τὴν πρὸς ἀνατολὰς καὶ πρὸς ἑσπέραν φημί. σὺ δὲ τί; οὐχ ὡραῖος κάλλει παρὰ τοὺς υἱοὺς τῶν ἀνθρώπων; οὐ τοῦ πρώτου κάλλους μετέχων ἐπὶ τῷ τῆς ψυχῆς εἴδει; μέγεθος δέ σοι οὐ πρόσεστι νοητόν, ᾧ ψαύεις τῶν οὐρανίων στοῶν; τὸν δὲ νοῦν οὐ πρὸς κύκλον στρεφόμενος, οὐ σεαυτῷ ἶσος καὶ ὅμοιος; οὐ κέντρου μέσον οἷον τῆς ψυχῆς ἡ πρώτη καὶ ἄτομος κίνησις, κύκλος δὲ ὁ περιέχων αὐτὴν νοῦς, γραμμὴ δὲ αἱ πρὸς ἐκείνην φέρουσαι ἀρεταί; οὐκ αὐτοκίνητος ὁ αὐτὸς καὶ ἑτεροκίνητος, νῦν μὲν ἐκ τῆς ἀνατολῆς τοῦ πρώτου ἡλίου κινούμενος, νῦν δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς ἑσπέρας, τῆς γεώδους καὶ χθαμαλῆς φύσεως; οὐκ ἐπίπνους, οὐχ ὅλος μεταπεποιημένος καὶ θεοῦ κινούμενος νεύματι; Τὰ δὲ σωματικὰ πῶς; ὡς λίαν ἀνθάμιλλα καὶ ἀνθήλια, κόμαις ἐπιχρύσοις ἀστράπτεις, χρώμασιν ἀμιμήτοις πυρσεύεις, κάλλεσιν ἀπορρήτοις αὐγάζεις, φέγγεσιν ἀμυθήτοις προλάμπεις. οὐχ ὅλος ἥλιος, οὐχ ἡλίου λαμπρότερος, φαίην ἂν ἔγωγε. εἶεν. ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνος ἁπανταχόσε φοιτᾷ, νῦν μὲν εἰς βορρᾶν ἀνιών, νῦν δὲ τὴν χειμερινὴν πρὸς νότον ἀπελαυνόμενος. καὶ τί καινόν; τοῦτο γὰρ καὶ πτηνοῦ φύσις ποιήσειεν. ἀλλ' ὁ ἡμέτερος βασιλεὺς ἀφ' ἑνὸς τῶν τῆς ἀνατολῆς σημείων, τῆς ἀρρήτου μαρμαρυγῆς πάντα πληροῖ. ἔχω δέ τι καὶ πλέον εὑρεῖν παρά σοι· ὅτι ὁ μὲν λοξὴν καὶ παρεγκεκλιμένην ποιεῖται τὴν κίνησιν δίς που κατ' ὀρθὸν τῆς ἰσημερινῆς ζώνης ἱστάμενος, σοὶ δὲ ἀπλανὴς μὲν ἡ κίνησις. ὁ δὲ δρόμος ὀρθός τε καὶ ἀπαρέγκλιτος. καὶ ὁ μὲν ὑπὸ γῆν διϊὼν αὖθις ἐπάνεισι, σὺ δὲ ἄδυτος ἀεὶ καὶ ὑπέργειος. ἢν δ' ἅπαξ ποτὲ ἐς δυσμὰς ἥκῃς, δέδοικα μὴ τοῦ παντὸς κόσμου τοῦτο ἀφανισμὸς γενήσεται καὶ τῶν φωστήρων ἀπόσβεσις. Τὴν μὲν οὖν σύγκρισιν οὕτως ἡμεῖς καταλλήλως ἀποδεδώκαμεν, καί που διά τι καὶ νενικήκαμεν. σὺ δ' εἴης, ὦ βασιλεῦ, ἐπὶ μᾶλλον φιλοσοφίας ἐρῶν καὶ ταύτῃ τὴν βασιλείαν κοσμῶν, ἣν ὁ μὲν χθόνιος χῶρος χωρεῖν οὐ δεδύνηται ἑστίαν ἔχουσαν παρὰ τῷ θεῷ, νοῦν δὲ ἔλαχεν οἰκητήριον, κἂν ταύτην κατιοῦσαν χωρήσῃς εἰς δύναμιν, αὐτός τε θεὸς γένοιο καὶ ἡμᾶς ἐξεργάσαιο. 2 Λόγος εἰς τὸν βασιλέα τὸν Μονομάχον. Ῥευστὸς μὲν ὁ παρὼν χρόνος, ὦ μέγιστε αὐτοκράτορ, καὶ μηδεμίαν ἔχων ἕδραν ἢ παγιότητα, παροδικὰ δὲ καὶ τὰ κατ' αὐτὸν πράγματα τῇ ἀπαύστῳ τούτου ῥοῇ παραρρέοντά τε καὶ συγκινούμενα. ἀλλ' οἱ πάλαι σοφοὶ μεγάλα τῷ λόγῳ δυνάμενοι ἔστησάν τε τὰ ἄστατα τρόπον τινὰ καὶ ἐπαγίωσαν τὰ ἀνέδραστα, δεσμὸν αὐτοῖς ἄλυτον τὰς συγγραφὰς ἐμβαλόντες. Ὅμηρός τε γὰρ ὁ πάντα εἰδὼς ῥοῆς ἔκγονα καὶ κινήσεως, ὡς αὐτός που βούλεται ἐν οἷς τὸν Ὠκεανὸν εἰσάγει γενέτην, οὐκ ἀφῆκε φυγεῖν τὰ τῆς Ἰλιάδος κακά, οὐδὲ τὸν στόλον τῶν Ἀχαιῶν, οὐδὲ τὰ τῶν βελτίστων ἡρώων ἀνδραγαθήματα, ἀλλ' ἐπέδησε τοῖς ποιήμασι πρὸς αὐτὴν τὴν φύσιν ἀντιταξάμενος. καὶ πάρεστι νῦν ὁρᾶν Ἑλένην ἁρπαζομένην, τοὺς Ἀχαιοὺς καταπλέοντας, τοὺς ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ βαλλομένους, τοὺς βάλλοντας, καὶ πάνθ' ὅσα ἡ πρώτη τοῦ κακοῦ ὑπόθεσις ἤνεγκε. καὶ Πλάτων δὲ ὁ πάντα σοφὸς καὶ τῷ δόγματι τούτῳ μᾶλλον προσθέμενος, ὡς μηδὲ τὸ ὂν χωρεῖν κατὰ τῶν ῥεόντων φέρεσθαι, ἀλλὰ τὸ γίγνεσθαι καὶ τὸ ποιεῖσθαι καὶ τὸ ἀπόλλυσθαι, οὐκ εἴασε ῥυῆναι τοὺς Σωκρατικοὺς διαλόγους, οὐ τοῦ καλοῦ Φαίδρου τὰς ἐρωτικὰς ὁμιλίας, οὐ τοῦ εὐφυοῦς Θεαιτήτου τοὺς περὶ ἐπιστήμης ὅρους, οὐ τὰς περὶ ψυχῆς δόξας Σιμμίου καὶ Κέβητος, ἀλλὰ μεγίστων ἀνδρῶν γνώμας κινδυνευούσας συναπιέναι τῷ χρόνῳ καὶ λήθης ὅ φασι κρυφθῆναι βυθοῖς ἐπέσχε τῷ λόγῳ καὶ παροδεύειν οὐ συνεχώρησε. Νῦν δ' οὐκ ἔστιν οὐδεὶς ὁ κρατῶν τὸ ἀκράτητον, οὐ λόγῳ