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creator? who is the one who begat perjury? Is it not wealth? is it not the pursuit of it? What is wrong with you, people? who has turned your own things into a plot against you? A help toward living. For were possessions given as resources for evils? A ransom for a soul. Surely not a cause for destruction? But wealth is necessary because of the children. This is a specious pretext for avarice; for you put forward the children, but you fill your heart. Do not blame the blameless one; he has his own master, his own steward; from another he received life, from him he awaits the resources for living. Were the Gospels not written for those who have married; If you wish to be perfect, sell your possessions, and give to the poor? When you asked the Lord for the blessing of children, when you desired to become a father of children, did you then add this: Give me children, that I may disobey your commandments? give me children, that I may not attain to the kingdom of heaven? And who will be the guarantor of the child's disposition, that he will use what is given for a good purpose? For to many, wealth has become a servant of licentiousness. Or do you not hear Ecclesiastes saying: I have seen a grievous evil, wealth kept by its owner to his hurt? and again, that: I must leave it to the man who will come after me. And who knows whether he will be wise or a fool? See to it then, lest, after gathering wealth with countless toils, you furnish the material for sins to others, and then be found doubly punished, for the wrongs you yourself committed, and for those you supplied to another. Is not your soul more kindred to you than any child? Does it not draw nearer in kinship than all others? To it first render the honors of the inheritance, provide for it rich resources for life; and then you will divide your livelihood among your children. For children who have not inherited from their parents have often made households for themselves; but the soul, abandoned by you, by whom will it be pitied?

8 -What has been said has been said to fathers; what specious reason for their stinginess do the childless offer us? I do not sell my possessions, nor do I give to the poor, on account of the necessary needs of life. Therefore your Lord is not your teacher, nor does the Gospel regulate your life, but you yourself legislate for yourself. But see into what danger you fall by thinking this way. For if the Lord ordained these things for us as necessary, but you reject them as impossible, you say nothing other than that you are wiser than the lawgiver. But after enjoying them throughout my whole life, after the end of my life I will make the poor the successors to my property, having appointed them lords of my things by documents and testaments. When you are no longer among men, then you will become a philanthropist; when I see you dead, then I will call you a lover of your brethren. Great thanks to you for your generosity, that lying in the tomb, and dissolved into earth, you have become lavish in your expenditures and magnanimous. For what times, tell me, will you demand wages, for those in life, or for those after death? But for the time you were living, indulging in the pleasures of life and flowing with luxury, you did not even deign to look at the poor; but when one is dead, what action is there? and what wage for work is owed? Show the works, and demand the rewards. No one does business after the festival has ended; nor is one crowned who arrives after the games; nor does one perform brave deeds after the wars; therefore, clearly, neither does one act piously after life. In ink and letters you promise your good deeds. Who then will announce to you the time of your departure? who will be the guarantor of the manner of your death? How many have been snatched away by violent accidents, not even permitted to utter a sound by their suffering? How many has a fever made delirious? Why then do you await a time, in which you will often not even be master of your own thoughts? Deep night, and a grievous illness, and a helper nowhere; and the one lying in wait for the inheritance is ready, arranging everything for his own advantage, making your plans ineffective. Then

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δημιουργός; τίς ὁ τὴν ἐπιορκίαν γεννήσας; Οὐχ ὁ πλοῦτος; οὐχ ἡ περὶ τοῦτον σπουδή; Τί πάσχετε, ἄνθρωποι; τίς ὑμῖν τὰ ὑμέτερα εἰς τὴν καθ' ὑμῶν ἐπιβουλὴν περιέτρεψε; Συνεργία πρὸς τὸ ζῇν. Μὴ γὰρ ἐφόδια κακῶν ἐδόθη τὰ χρή ματα; Λύτρον ψυχῆς. Μὴ γὰρ ἀφορμὴ ἀπωλείας; Ἀλλ' ἀναγκαῖος ὁ πλοῦτος διὰ τοὺς παῖδας. Εὐπρόσωπος ἀφορμὴ πλεονεξίας αὕτη· τοὺς γὰρ παῖδας προβάλλεσθε, τὴν δὲ καρδίαν πληροφορεῖτε. Μὴ αἰτιῶ τὸν ἀναίτιον· ἴδιον ἔχει δεσπότην, ἴδιον οἰκονόμον· παρ' ἄλλου τὴν ζωὴν ἐδέξατο, παρ' αὐτοῦ τὰς ἀφορμὰς ἀναμένει τοῦ βίου. Μὴ τοῖς γεγαμηκόσιν οὐκ ἐγράφη τὰ Εὐαγγέλια· Εἰ θέλεις τέλειος εἶναι, πώλησόν σου τὰ ὑπάρ χοντα, καὶ δὸς πτωχοῖς; Ὅτε ᾔτεις παρὰ τοῦ Κυρίου τὴν εὐπαιδίαν, ὅτε ἠξίους γενέσθαι τέκνων πατὴρ, ἆρα προσέθηκας τοῦτο· ∆ός μοι τέκνα, ἵνα παρακούσω τῶν ἐντολῶν σου; δός μοι τέκνα, ἵνα μὴ φθάσω εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν; Τίς δὲ καὶ ἐγγυητὴς ἔσται τῆς τοῦ παιδὸς προ αιρέσεως, ὅτι εἰς δέον χρήσεται τοῖς δοθεῖσι; Πολλοῖς γὰρ ὁ πλοῦτος ὑπηρέτης ἀκολασίας ἐγένετο. Ἢ οὐκ ἀκούεις τοῦ Ἐκκλησιαστοῦ λέγοντος· Εἶδον ἀῤῥωστίαν δεινὴν, πλοῦτον φυλασσόμενον τῷ παρ' αὐτοῦ εἰς κακίαν αὐτῷ; καὶ πάλιν, ὅτι· Ἀφίω ἐγὼ αὐτὸν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ τῷ μετ' ἐμέ. Καὶ τίς οἶδεν εἰ σοφὸς ἔσται ἢ ἄφρων; Ὅρα δὴ οὖν μὴ, μετὰ μυρίων πόνων τὸν πλοῦτον ἀθροίσας, ὕλην ἁμαρτημάτων ἑτέροις παρασκευάσῃς, εἶτα εὑρεθῇς διπλᾶ τιμωρούμενος, ὧν τε αὐτὸς ἠδίκησας, καὶ ὧν ἕτερον ἐφωδίασας. Μὴ οὐχὶ παντὸς τέκνου οἰκειοτέρα σοῦ ἐστιν ἡ ψυχή; Μὴ οὐχὶ πάντων μᾶλλον εἰς οἰκειότητα προσεγγίζει; Πρώτῃ αὐτῇ ἀπόδος τὰ πρεσβεῖα τῆς κληρονομίας, πλουσίας αὐτῇ παράσχου τὰς ἀφορμὰς τῆς ζωῆς· καὶ τότε τοῖς παισὶ διαιρήσεις τὸν βίον. Οἱ μέν γε παῖδες παρὰ γονέων μὴ διαδεξάμενοι, ἑαυτοῖς πολλάκις οἴκους ἐποίησαν· ἡ ψυχὴ δὲ, παρὰ σοῦ ἐγκαταλειφθεῖσα, παρὰ τίνος ἐλεηθήσεται;

8 -Εἴρηται πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας ἃ εἴρηται· οἱ ἄτεκνοι τίνα ἡμῖν εὐπρόσωπον αἰτίαν τῆς φειδωλίας προβάλλονται; Οὐ πωλῶ τὰ ὑπάρχοντα, οὐδὲ δίδωμι τοῖς πτωχοῖς, διὰ τὰς ἀναγκαίας τοῦ βίου χρείας. Οὐκοῦν οὐχ ὁ Κύριός σου διδάσκαλος, οὐδὲ τὸ Εὐαγγέλιον ῥυθμίζει σου τὸν βίον, ἀλλ' αὐτὸς σὺ νομοθετεῖς σεαυτῷ. Βλέπε δὲ εἰς οἷον κίνδυνον ἐμπίπτεις οὕτω διανοούμενος. Εἰ γὰρ ὁ μὲν Κύριος ὡς ἀναγκαῖα ἡμῖν διετάξατο, σὺ δὲ ὡς ἀδύνατα παραγράφῃ, οὐδὲν ἕτερον ἢ φρονιμώτερον σεαυτὸν εἶναι λέγεις τοῦ νομοθέτου. Ἀλλ' ἀπολαύσας αὐτῶν παρὰ πᾶσάν μου τὴν ζωὴν, μετὰ τὴν τελευτὴν τοῦ βίου διαδόχους ποιήσομαι τῶν ἐμοὶ προσόντων τοὺς πένη τας, γράμμασι καὶ διαθήκαις κυρίους αὐτοὺς τῶν ἐμῶν ἀποδείξας. Ὅτε οὐκέτι ἔσῃ ἐν ἀνθρώποις, τότε γενήσῃ φιλάνθρωπος· ὅταν νεκρόν σε ἴδω, τότε σε εἴπω φιλάδελφον. Πολλή σοι χάρις τῆς φιλοτιμίας, ὅτι ἐν τῷ μνήματι κείμενος, καὶ εἰς γῆν διαλυθεὶς, ἁδρὸς γέγονας ταῖς δαπάναις καὶ μεγαλόψυχος. Ποίων, εἰπέ μοι, καιρῶν τοὺς μισθοὺς ἀπαιτήσεις, τῶν ἐν τῇ ζωῇ, ἢ τῶν μετὰ τὴν ἀποβίωσιν; Ἀλλ' ὃν μὲν ἔζης χρόνον, καθηδυ παθῶν τοῦ βίου καὶ τῇ τρυφῇ διαῤῥέων, οὐδὲ προσβλέπειν ἠνείχου τοὺς πένητας· ἀποθανόντος δὲ ποία μὲν πρᾶξις; ποῖος δὲ μισθὸς ἐργασίας ὀφεί λεται; ∆εῖξον τὰ ἔργα, καὶ ἀπαίτει τὰς ἀντιδόσεις. Οὐδεὶς μετὰ τὸ λυθῆναι τὴν πανήγυριν πραγματεύεται· οὐδὲ μετὰ τοὺς ἀγῶνας ἐπελθὼν στεφανοῦ ται· οὐδὲ μετὰ τοὺς πολέμους ἀνδραγαθίζεται· οὐ τοίνυν οὐδὲ μετὰ τὴν ζωὴν εὐσεβεῖ δηλονότι. Ἐν μέλανι καὶ γράμμασι κατεπαγγέλλῃ τὰς εὐποιίας. Τίς οὖν ἀναγγελεῖ σοι τὸν καιρὸν τῆς ἐξόδου; τίς ἐγγυητὴς ἔσται τοῦ τρόπου τῆς τελευτῆς; Πόσοι ὑπὸ βιαίων ἀνηρπάσθησαν συμπ τωμάτων, οὐδὲ φωνὴν ῥῆξαι συγχωρηθέντες ὑπὸ τοῦ πάθους; Πόσους πυρετὸς ἐποίησεν ἔκφρονας; Τί οὖν ἀναμένεις καιρὸν, ἐν ᾧ πολλάκις οὐδὲ τῶν λογισμῶν τῶν σεαυτοῦ ἔσῃ κύριος; Νὺξ βαθεῖα, καὶ νόσος βαρεῖα, καὶ ὁ βοηθῶν οὐδαμοῦ· καὶ ὁ ἐφεδρεύων τῷ κλήρῳ ἕτοιμος, πάντα πρὸς τὸ ἑαυτοῦ χρήσιμον διοικούμενος, ἄπρακτά σοι ποιῶν τὰ βουλεύματα. Εἶτα