How are the prepositions divided? Into two; into monosyllables and into disyllables. What is the reciprocal relationship between the monosyllables and the disyllables? That all the monosyllables ended in a consonant, but one of them in a vowel, πρό; and all the disyllables ended in a vowel, but one of them in a consonant, ὑπέρ. How many of the monosyllables are extended? Four, ἐν, ει᾿ς, ἐξ, πρός. ἐν takes an Ι, and becomes ε᾿´νι, as in "there is no slave, there is no free man;" the preposition ει᾿ς takes the great Ω, and becomes ει᾿´σω, as in "and led the ships of the Achaeans to Ilium;" ἐξ takes the great Ω, and becomes ε᾿´ξω, as in "he left the ashen spear outside the shield.[ Il. .♣λ 456 .He drew the mighty spear outside the flesh.]" πρὸς takes an Ι and becomes προσὶ, and by dropping the Ρ, ποσὶ, and by changing the Σ to a Τ, ποτὶ, from which also comes "to the bronze-floored house of Zeus." And how do ἐν and πρός differ from one another (sic)? They differ, because ἐν takes the I, and becomes ε᾿´νι, and is transferred to a verbal meaning; but πρὸς takes the I and becoming προσὶ, and by dropping the Ρ, and by changing the Σ to a Τ, ποτὶ, likewise remains a preposition. And why does πρὸς take the I, and is not transferred to a verbal meaning? Because it happened through a modification, and as happening through a modification it kept its own meaning.

How many are anastrophed from the monosyllables? Which ones are not anastrophed? 5 are not anastrophed, and the rest are anastrophed. And which are the ones not anastrophed? ἀνά is not anastrophed, so that it does not coincide with "O Zeus, king;" διὰ is not anastrophed, so that it does not coincide with Zeus, Dios, Dii, Dia; κατὰ is not anastrophed, so that it does not coincide with κᾷτα, a verbal conjunction; ἀντὶ and ἀμφὶ have three morae, and prepositions that have reached three morae are not anastrophed; and these ana..... when do they anastrophize. Where (when) between (sic) two proper or common nouns conjunctions are found, being taken with a preposition, then the prepositions are anastrophed, as in "from the ships and tents." "about Agamemnon and Achilles." And what is anastrophe? A change of accent. When is the preposition κατὰ anastrophed? When it is subordinated to the word with which it must be construed, with no word of any kind being placed in between, then the preposition κατὰ is anastrophed, as in "down the thicket as they grazed." How many accidents belong to the preposition? Five? What and what? To be oxytone, to have a short final syllable, to increase up to two syllables, to be formed with a smooth consonant, and to have a smooth breathing. How "to be oxytone"? Every preposition tends to be oxytone. How "to have a short final syllable"? Every preposition has a short final syllable, except for ει᾿ς and ἐξ, whence they are also more regular, if they are called ἐς and ἐκ. How "to increase up to two syllables"? No preposition ever tends to exceed two syllables. How "to be formed with a smooth consonant"? Every preposition beginning with a vowel is smooth, except for ὑπὸ and ὑπέρ.

15 How many things does the preposition ἀντὶ mean? Three; properly the preposition, as we use it, and as Aristarchus reads this line, "each one will stand in battle against one hundred and two hundred Trojans." It is also used for "equal;" "for I am the equal of a reverend suppliant, o heaven-nurtured one;" ἀντὶ, I am equal to a suppliant, and "godlike Odysseus," instead of "equal to a god." But in the case of the Cyclops, when he says "god-opposing Cyclops," he means Polyphemus who opposes the gods. Why? He himself is the one who says: "for the Cyclopes do not heed aegis-bearing Zeus;" but as for "antianeiras Amazons," Aristarchus says "those equal to men;" but some, in military contexts, "those who meet in battle," that is, opposing men. It is also used for "opposite," as has been said, as in "god-opposing Cyclops." How many things does the preposition παρὰ mean? Three. The relation of 'beyond,' as in lawless, para-nomos; I speak, I para-lalo [speak beside the point]; and the relation of "near," as in he sat, [Il. 1.557] "he sat beside and took his knees"; and the relation of "more," as in I urge, I par-ormo [urge on]. The from

διαιροῦνται αἱ προθέσεις; Ει᾿ς δύο· ει᾿ς μονοσυλ λάβους καὶ ει᾿ς δισυλλάβους. Τί ἀντιπεπόνθασιν αἱ μονο σύλλαβοι τῶν δισυλλάβων;Ὅτι αἱ μὲν μονοσύλλαβοι πᾶσαι ει᾿ς σύμφωνον κατέληξαν, μία δὲ ἐξ αυ᾿τω῀ν ει᾿ς φωνῆεν, ἡ πρό· αἱ δὲ δισύλλαβοι πᾶσαι ει᾿ς φωνῆεν κατέληξαν, μία δὲ αυ᾿τω῀ν ει᾿ς σύμφωνον, ἡ ὑπέρ. Πόσαι ε᾿πεκτείνονται ε᾿κ τῶν μονοσυλλάβων; Τέσσαρες, ἡ ἐν, ἡ ει᾿ς, ἡ ἐξ, ἡ πρός. Ἡ ε᾿ν προσλαμβάνει Ι, καὶ γίνεται ε᾿´νι, ὡς τὸ "ου᾿κ ε᾿´νι δοῦλος, ου᾿κ ε᾿´νι ε᾿λεύθερος·" ἡ ει᾿ς πρόθεσις προσλαμβάνει τὸ Ω μέγα, καὶ γίνεται ει᾿´σω, ὡς τὸ καὶ νήεσσ' ἡγήσατ'ἈχαίωνἼλιον ει᾿´σω· ἡ ἐξ προσλαμβάνει τὸ Ω μέγα, καὶ γίνεται ε᾿´ξω, ὡς τὸ ε᾿´ξω τελφυὸς ει᾿῀κε δόρυ μείλινον.[ Il. .♣λ 456 .ο᾿´βριμον ε᾿´γχοςἜξω τε χροὸς ει῾῀λκε.] Ἡ πρὸς προσλαμβάνει Ι καὶ γίνεται προσὶ, καὶ ἀποβολῇ τοῦ Ρ ποσὶ, καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ Σ ει᾿ς Τ ποτὶ, ε᾿ξ ου῾῀ καὶ τὸ ∆ιὸς ποτὶ χαλκοβατὲς δῶ. Καὶ τί διαφέρει α᾿λλήλοις (σιξ) ἡ ἐν καὶ ἡ πρός; ∆ιαφέρει, ο῾´τι ἡ μὲν ε᾿ν προσλαμβάνει τὸ Ι, καὶ γίνεται ε᾿´νι, καὶ μετά γεται ει᾿ς ῥηματικὴν σημασίαν· ἡ δὲ πρὸς προσλαμβάνει τὸ 14 Ι καὶ γινομένη προσὶ, καὶ ἀποβολῇ τοῦ Ρ, καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ Σ ει᾿ς Τ ποτὶ, ὡσαύτως μένει πρόθεσις. Καὶ διατί ἡ πρὸς προσλαμβάνει τὸ Ι, καὶ ου᾿ μετάγεται ει᾿ς ῥηματικὴν σημα σίαν; ∆ιότι κατὰ πάθος γέγονε, ὡς δὲ κατὰ πάθος γινομένη τὴν ι᾿δι´αν σημασίαν ε᾿φυ´λαξε.

Πόσαι α᾿ναστρέφονται ε᾿κ τῶν μονοσυλλάβων αι῾´τινες ου᾿κ α᾿ναστρέφονται; εʹ ου᾿κ ἀναστρέφονται, αἱ λοιπαὶ δὲ ἀνα στρέφονται. Καὶ ποῖαι ει᾿σι`ν αἱ μὴ ἀναστρεφόμεναι;Ἡ α᾿να` ου᾿κ ἀνα στρέφεται, ι῾´να μὴ συνεμπέσῃ τῷ "Ζεῦ α᾿´να·" ἡ διὰ ου᾿κ α᾿ναστρέφεται, ι῾´να μὴ συνεμπέσῃ τῷ Ζεὺς, ∆ιὸς, ∆ιὶ, ∆ία· ἡ κατὰ ου᾿κ ἀναστρέφεται, ι῾´να μὴ συνεμπέσῃ τῷ κᾷτα, α᾿πο ρηματικῷ συνδέσμῳ· ἡ ἀντὶ καὶ ἀμφὶ ἐτριχρονίασαν, καὶ αἱ φθάσασαι τριχρονίσαι προθέσεις ου᾿κ ἀναστρέφονται· καὶ αυ῾῀ται αἱ ἀνα..... πότε α᾿ναστρέφουσιν.Ὅπου (ἡνίκα) α᾿ναμεταξὺ (σιξ) δύο κυρίων η᾿` προσηγορικῶν εὑρεθῶσι σύν δεσμοι, παραλαμβανόμενοι μετὰ προθέσεως, τότε α᾿ναστρέ φονται αἱ προθέσεις, ὡς ε᾿ν τῷ νεῶν α᾿πο` καὶ κλισιάων. "Ἀγαμέμνονος πέρι καὶἈχιλλῆος." Καὶ τί ἐστιν α᾿να στροφή; Μετάθεσις τόνου. Πότε α᾿ναστρέφεται ἡ κατὰ πρόθεσις;Ἡνίκα ὑποτάττηται τῇ λέξει, μεθ' η῾῀ς ο᾿φείλει συντάττεσθαι, μὴ παρατιθεμένης ε᾿ν τῷ μέσῳ οἱασδήποτε λέξεως, τότε α᾿ναστρέφεται ἡ κατὰ πρόθεσις, ὡς ε᾿ν τῷ ξύλοχον κάτα βοσκομένων. Πόσα παρέπεται τῇ προθέσει; Πέντε; Τὶ καὶ τί; Τὸ ο᾿ξυ´νεσθαι, τὸ βραχυκαταληκτεῖν, τὸ μέχρι τῆς δισυλλαβίας αυ᾿´ξεσθαι, τὸ διὰ ψιλοῦ συμφώνῳ τυποῦσθαι, καὶ τὸ ψιλοῦ σθαι. Πῶς τὸ ὀξύνεσθαι; Πᾶσα πρόθεσις ο᾿ξυ´νεσθαι θέλει. Πῶς τὸ βραχυκαταληκτεῖν; Πᾶσα πρόθεσις βραχυκατα ληκτεῖ, πλὴν τῆς ει᾿ς καὶ ἐξ, ο῾´θεν καὶ ἀναλογώτεραί ει᾿σιν, ει᾿ (ἐς) καὶ ἐκ λεγόμεναι. Πῶς τὸ μέχρι τῆς δισυλλαβίας αυ᾿´ξεσθαι; Ου᾿δε´πω πρόθεσις ὑπερβαίνειν θέλει τὴν δισυλλαβίαν. Πῶς τὸ διὰ ψιλοῦ συμφώνου τυποῦσθαι; Πᾶσα πρόθεσις α᾿πο` φωνήεντος α᾿ρχομένη ψιλοῦται, πλὴν τῆς ὑπὸ καὶ ὑπέρ.

15 Ἡ α᾿ντὶ πρόθεσις πόσα σημαίνει; Τρία· κυρίως τὴν πρόθεσιν, ὡς ἡμεῖς τίθεμεν, καὶ ὡςἈρίσταρχος α᾿ναγινώσκει τόνδε τὸν στίχον, Τρώων α᾿νθ' ἑκατόν τε διηκοσίων τε ε῾´καστος στήσεσθ' ε᾿ν πολέμῳ. Τίθεται καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ ι᾿῀σος· α᾿ντί τοι ει᾿μ' ἱκέταο διοτρεφὲς αι᾿δοίοιο· α᾿ντὶ, ι᾿῀σος ει᾿μι` ἱκέτου, καὶ α᾿ντιθέουὈδυσῆος, α᾿ντὶ ἰσοθέου.Ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ Κύκλωπος, ο῾´τε φησὶν "α᾿ντίθεον Κύκλωπα," Πολύφημον λέγει τὸν ε᾿ναντιούμενον τοῖς θεοῖς. ∆ιότι; Αυ᾿το`ς ε᾿στὶν ὁ λέγων· ου᾿ γὰρ Κύκλωπες ∆ιὸς αι᾿γιόχοιο α᾿λε´γουσι· τὰς δὲ "α᾿ντιανείραςἈμαζόνας" ὁ μὲνἈρίσταρχος τὰς ι᾿´σας α᾿νδρῶν· ε᾿´νιοι δὲ ἐπὶ πολεμικῶν τὰς α᾿ντιαζούσας, οι῾῀ον ε᾿ναντιουμένας α᾿νδράσι. Τίθεται καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐναντίου, καθὼς ει᾿´ρηται, ὡς τὸν "α᾿ντίθεον Κύκλωπα." Ἡ παρὰ πρόθεσις πόσα σημαίνει; Τρία. Τὴν ε᾿κτὸς σχέσιν, ὡς τὸ α᾿´νομος, παράνομος· λαλῶ τὸ παραλαλῶ· καὶ τὴν πλησίαν σχέσιν, ὡς τὸ ε῾´ζετο, [ιλ. αʹ. 557.] παρέζετο καὶ λάβε γούνων· καὶ τὴν πλείονα σχέσιν, ὡς τὸ ὁρμῶ, παρορμῶ. Ἡ α᾿πο`