of the Father," not as being necessarily co-understood? Therefore, when it is said so many times concerning the Son that He is from the Father and nowhere is

“alone” added, you yourself everywhere implicitly understand this and are not displeased with those who everywhere implicitly understand it. Indeed, you will be most displeased with those who do not co-understand this and you will accuse them as being impious or even ungodly. But concerning the Holy Spirit, when you hear "from the Father," then what has happened to you that you do not co-understand what is necessarily implied, but have even turned to the opposite opinion, which you would have justly brought against those who think wrongly concerning the Son, having unjustly suffered this yourself with regard to the Spirit, from absolutely no cause that gives rise to impiety?

For not only because the Spirit is said to be from the Father, (p. 94) as the God Logos is from the Father before the ages, is He necessarily understood to proceed from the Father alone, but also because, according to the wise martyr of the truth, Justin, “as the Son is from the Father, so also the Holy Spirit is from the Father, except in the mode of existence; for the one shone forth from light by generation, but the other, though itself light from light, came forth not by generation, but by procession.” If the Son is immediately from the Father, the Spirit too is immediately from the Father; and if the Son is not also from the Spirit, the Spirit too is not also from the Son; and if the Son is from the Father alone, the Spirit too is from the Father alone. For since the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father, as the Son is begotten of the Father, and that which proceeds as the Son is begotten of the Father proceeds from the Father alone, therefore the Holy Spirit comes forth by procession from God the Father alone.

These things, therefore, are both said and are alike, both together and each separately, through being alike providing us with a causal proof of the truth, and through being said alike, providing demonstrative proof; for it is not that because the Son and the Spirit are together from eternity, we will therefore not know the things of the Spirit from the Son, but because the things of the Son are more knowable to us, from these more knowable things we will also demonstrate the Spirit. Besides, not simply from the Son, but from the Spirit's being from the Father as the Son is, it has been demonstrated that He is from the Father alone.

And indeed according to the divine Paul the Holy Spirit is called the Spirit and mind of Christ, just as Basil the Great says, writing about the Spirit in his works against the Eunomians: “The apostle clearly proclaimed that the Spirit is from God, saying, that 'we have received the Spirit which is of God'; and he has made it clear that He has shone forth through the Son (p. 96), by naming Him the Spirit of the Son just as of God, and calling Him the mind of Christ, just as the Spirit of God, as that of man.”

Therefore, just as each of men has his own mind and the own mind of each of these is his, but not from him, but from whence he himself is, so the own mind of each is not from him, unless perhaps according to energy, so also the divine Spirit, naturally subsisting as in Christ who is God, is both His Spirit and His mind. And according to energy He is His and from Him, as being breathed and sent and manifested, but according to existence and hypostasis He is His, but not from Him, but from the One who begot Him.

In order, then, to repel for you from every side the attacks against the truth, the Son and Logos of God, being by nature from God, is by nature begotten, but does not come to be by grace from the Father. And since the one who begets is fontal divinity and a fount of divinity, the one who is begotten is fountained. And since the Father alone is a fount of divinity and fontal divinity, as Dionysius the Areopagite and Athanasius the Great harmoniously declare, therefore the Son by nature exists from the alone

Πατρός", οὐχ ὡς ἐξ ἀνάγκης συννοούμενον; Τοσαυτάκις οὖν εἰρημένου περί τοῦ Υἱοῦ ὅτι παρά τοῦ Πατρός καί μηδαμοῦ τοῦ

«μόνου» προσκειμένου, αὐτός τε πανταχοῦ συνυπακούεις τοῦτο καί τοῖς πανταχοῦ συνυπακούουσιν οὐ δυσχεραίνεις. Μᾶλλον μέν οὖν καί τοῖς μή συννοοῦσι τοῦτο ἐς τά μάλιστα δυσχερανεῖς καί ὡς δυσεβέσιν ἤ καί ἀσεβέσιν ἐγκαλέσεις. Περί δέ τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός ἀκούων, εἶτα τί παθών, οὐ συννοεῖς τό ἐξ ἀνάγκης συνυπακουόμενον, ἀλλά καί εἰς τήν ἐναντίαν ἐξετράπης δόξαν, ὅ ἄν ἐνεκάλεσας δικαίως τοῖς περί τοῦ Υἱοῦ κακῶς νοοῦσι, τοῦτ᾿ αὐτός ἀδίκως πεπονθώς ἐπί τοῦ Πνεύματος, ἐκ μηδεμιᾶς ὅλως τό δυσσεβές προεξενούσης ἀφορμῆς;

Οὐ γάρ μόνον ὅτι λέγεται παρά τοῦ Πατρός τό Πνεῦμα, (σελ. 94) ὡς ὁ Θεός Λόγος πρό αἰώνων παρά τοῦ Πατρός, ἐξ ἀνάγκης παρά μόνου τοῦ Πατρός ἐκπορευόμενον νοεῖται, ἀλλ᾿ ἐπεί καί κατά τόν σοφόν μάρτυρα τῆς ἀληθείας Ἰουστῖνον, «ὡς ὁ Υἱός ἐστιν ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός, οὕτω καί τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός, πλήν τοῦ τρόπου τῆς ὑπάρξεως˙ ὁ μέν γάρ γεννητῶς ἐκ φωτός ἐξέλαμψε, τό δέ, φῶς μέν ἐκ φωτός καί αὐτό, οὐ μήν γεννητῶς, ἀλλ᾿ ἐκπορευτῶς προῆλθεν». Εἰ ὁ Υἱός ἀμέσως ἐκ Πατρός, καί τό Πνεῦμα ἐκ Πατρός ἀμέσως˙ καί εἰ ὁ Υἱός οὐχί καί ἐκ τοῦ Πνεύματος, καί τό Πνεῦμα οὐχί καί ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ˙ καί εἰ ὁ Υἱός ἐκ μόνου τοῦ Πατρός, καί τό Πνεῦμα ἐκ μόνου τοῦ Πατρός. Ἐπεί γάρ τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον ἐκπορευτόν ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός, ὡς ὁ Υἱός γεννητός ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός, τό δέ ὡς ὁ Υἱός γεννητός ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός ἐκπορευτόν, ἐκ μόνου τοῦ Πατρός ἐκπορευτόν, τό Πνεῦμα ἄρα τό ἅγιον ἐκ Θεοῦ Πατρός μόνου ἐκπορευτῶς προερχόμενος.

Ταῦτα ἄρα καί ὁμοίως λέγεταί τε καί ἔστιν, ὁμοῦ τε καί χωρίς ἑκάτερον, διά μέν τοῦ ὁμοίως εἶναι τήν ἀπόδειξιν ἡμῖν τῆς ἀληθείας αἰτιώδη παρεχόμενα, διά δέ τοῦ ὁμοίως λέγεσθαι τεκμηριώδη˙ οὐ γάρ ὅτι ἅμα ἐξ ἀϊδίου ὁ Υἱός τε καί τό Πνεῦμα, διά τοῦτο οὐκ ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ τά τοῦ Πνεύματος γνωρίσομεν, ἀλλ᾿ ὅτι γνωριμώτερα ἡμῖν ἐστι τά τοῦ Υἱοῦ, ἐκ τῶν γνωριμωτέρων τούτων καί τό Πνεῦμα ἀποδείξομεν. Ἄλλως τε οὐδέ ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ ἁπλῶς, ἀλλ᾿ ἐκ τοῦ εἶναι ὡς ὁ Υἱός τό Πνεῦμα ἐκ Πατρός, ἐκ μόνου τοῦ Πατρός ὑπάρχον ἀποδέδεικται.

Καί μήν κατά τόν θεῖον Παῦλον Πνεῦμα καί νοῦς λέγεται Χριστοῦ τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον, καθάπερ ὁ Μέγας Βασίλειος ἐν τοῖς πρός Εὐνομιανοῦς περί τοῦ Πνεύματός φησιν γράφων˙ «τό ἐκ Θεοῦ τό Πνεῦμα εἶναι τρανῶς ἀνεκήρυξεν ὁ ἀπόστολος λέγων, ὅτι "τό Πνεῦμα ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐλάβομεν"˙ καί τό δι᾿ Υἱοῦ (σελ. 96) πεφηνέναι σαφές πεποίηκεν, Υἱοῦ Πνεῦμα ὀνομάσας αὐτό καθάπερ Θεοῦ, καί νοῦν Χριστοῦ προσειπών, καθάπερ Θεοῦ Πνεῦμα, ὡς τό τοῦ ἀνθρώπου».

Καθάπερ οὖν τῶ νἀνθρώπων ἕκαστος τόν οἰκεῖον ἔχει νοῦν καί αὐτοῦ μέν ἐστιν ἑκάστου τούτων ὁ οἰκεῖος νοῦς, ἀλλ᾿ οὐκ ἐξ αὐτοῦ, ἀλλ᾿ ἐξ οὗπερ καί αὐτός, οὐκ ἐξ αὐτοῦ τοίνυν ἑκάστου ὁ οἰκεῖος νοῦς, εἰ μή ἄρα κατ᾿ ἐνέργειαν, οὕτω καί τό θεῖον Πνεῦμα φυσικῶς ἐνυπάρχον ὡς Θεῷ τῷ Χριστῷ, καί Πνεῦμα καί νοῦς ἐστιν αὐτοῦ. Καί κατά μέν τήν ἐνέργειαν αὐτοῦ ἐστι καί ἐξ αὐτοῦ, ὡς ἐμφυσώμενον καί πεμπόμενον καί φανερούμενον, κατά δέ τήν ὕπαρξιν καί τήν ὑπόστασιν αὐτοῦ μέν ἔστιν, οὐκ ἐξ αὐτοῦ δέ, ἀλλ᾿ ἐκ τοῦ γεννήσαντος αὐτόν.

Ἵν᾿ οὖν σοι πανταχόθεν τάς κατά τῆς ἀληθείας ἐκκρούσωμεν λαβάς, ὁ Υἱός καί Λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ, φύσει ὤν ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ, φύσει γεννᾶται, ἀλλ᾿ οὐ χάριτι γίνεται ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός. Ἐπεί δέ ὁ γεννῶν πηγαία θεότης καί πηγή θεότητος, πηγάζεται ὁ γεννώμενος. Ἐπεί δέ μόνος πηγή θεότητος καί πηγαία θεότης ὁ Πατήρ, ὡς ∆ιονύσιος ὁ Ἀρεοπαγίτης καί Ἀθανάσιος ὁ μέγας συνῳδά φθέγγονται, ἐκ μόνου ἄρα ὁ φύσει Υἱός ὑπάρχει τοῦ