men, and right reason coming forward does not prove all opinions nor all doctrines to be good, but some bad, and others good; so that to such men the same and similar things will be said by me, and will be spoken at greater length, if there be need. But for now I return to the subject at hand. Our doctrines, therefore, appear to be more sublime than any human teaching, because Christ, who appeared for our sakes, was the whole rational principle, both body and Word and soul. For whatever things philosophers or lawgivers have always uttered well and discovered, were worked out by them through discovery and contemplation of a part of the Word. But since they did not know all the things of the Word, which is Christ, they also often said things contrary to themselves. And those who lived before Christ, attempting by human reason to contemplate and examine things, were brought to courts of justice as impious and meddlesome. And Socrates, who was the most vigorous of them all in this respect, was accused of the same things as we are; for they said that he was introducing new deities, and that he did not believe in the gods whom the city recognized. But he taught men to reject the evil demons and those who did the things the poets described, casting out of his state both Homer and the other poets, and he urged men on to the full knowledge of the God who was unknown to them, by means of rational inquiry, saying: But the Father and Maker of all is not easy to find; nor, when He is found, is it safe to declare Him to all. Which things our Christ did through His own power. For no one was persuaded by Socrates to die for this doctrine; but by Christ, who was known in part even by Socrates (for He was and is the Word who is in every man, and who foretold the things that were to come to pass both by the prophets and by Himself when He had been made of like passions and taught these things), not only philosophers and scholars were persuaded, but also artisans and altogether common people, who despised glory and fear and death; since it is the power of the ineffable Father, and not the contrivance of human reason. Nor would we be killed, nor would unjust men and demons be more powerful than us, if death were not a debt owed by every man who is born; wherefore even when paying the debt we give thanks. And yet indeed that saying of Xenophon we think it good and timely to say now against Crescens and those who are foolish like him.

ἄνθρωποι, καὶ ὀρθὸς λόγος παρελθὼν οὐ πάσας δόξας οὐδὲ πάντα δόγματα καλὰ ἀποδείκνυσιν, ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν φαῦλα, τὰ δὲ ἀγαθά· ὥστε μοι καὶ πρὸς τοὺς τοιούτους τὰ αὐτὰ καὶ τὰ ὅμοια εἰρήσεται, καὶ λεχθήσεται διὰ πλειόνων, ἐὰν χρεία ᾖ. τανῦν δὲ ἐπὶ τὸ προκείμενον ἀνέρχομαι. Μεγαλειότερα μὲν οὖν πάσης ἀνθρωπείου διδασκα λίας φαίνεται τὰ ἡμέτερα διὰ τοῦ τὸ λογικὸν τὸ ὅλον τὸν φα νέντα δι' ἡμᾶς Χριστὸν γεγονέναι, καὶ σῶμα καὶ λόγον καὶ ψυχήν. ὅσα γὰρ καλῶς ἀεὶ ἐφθέγξαντο καὶ εὗρον οἱ φιλο σοφήσαντες ἢ νομοθετήσαντες, κατὰ λόγου μέρος δι' εὑρέσεως καὶ θεωρίας ἐστὶ πονηθέντα αὐτοῖς. ἐπειδὴ δὲ οὐ πάντα τὰ τοῦ λόγου ἐγνώρισαν, ὅς ἐστι Χριστός, καὶ ἐναντία ἑαυτοῖς πολλάκις εἶπον. καὶ οἱ προγεγενημένοι τοῦ Χριστοῦ, κατὰ τὸ ἀνθρώπινον λόγῳ πειραθέντες τὰ πράγματα θεωρῆσαι καὶ ἐλέγξαι, ὡς ἀσεβεῖς καὶ περίεργοι εἰς δικαστήρια ἤχθησαν. ὁ πάντων δὲ αὐτῶν εὐτονώτερος πρὸς τοῦτο γενόμενος Σωκράτης τὰ αὐτὰ ἡμῖν ἐνεκλήθη· καὶ γὰρ ἔφασαν αὐτὸν καινὰ δαιμόνια εἰσφέρειν, καὶ οὓς ἡ πόλις νομίζει θεοὺς μὴ ἡγεῖσθαι αὐτόν. ὁ δὲ δαίμονας μὲν τοὺς φαύλους καὶ τοὺς πράξαντας ἃ ἔφασαν οἱ ποιηταί, ἐκβαλὼν τῆς πολιτείας καὶ Ὅμηρον καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ποιητάς, παραιτεῖσθαι τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἐδίδαξε, πρὸς θεοῦ δὲ τοῦ ἀγνώστου αὐτοῖς διὰ λόγου ζητήσεως ἐπίγνωσιν προὐτρέπετο, εἰπών· Τὸν δὲ πατέρα καὶ δημιουργὸν πάντων οὔθ' εὑρεῖν ·ᾴδιον, οὔθ' εὑρόντα εἰς πάντας εἰπεῖν ἀσφαλές. ἃ ὁ ἡμέτερος Χριστὸς διὰ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ δυνάμεως ἔπραξε. Σωκράτει μὲν γὰρ οὐδεὶς ἐπείσθη ὑπὲρ τούτου τοῦ δόγματος ἀποθνήσκειν· Χριστῷ δέ, τῷ καὶ ὑπὸ Σωκράτους ἀπὸ μέρους γνωσθέντι (λόγος γὰρ ἦν καὶ ἔστιν ὁ ἐν παντὶ ὤν, καὶ διὰ τῶν προφητῶν προει πὼν τὰ μέλλοντα γίνεσθαι καὶ δι' ἑαυτοῦ ὁμοιοπαθοῦς γενο μένου καὶ διδάξαντος ταῦτα), οὐ φιλόσοφοι οὐδὲ φιλόλογοι μόνον ἐπείσθησαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ χειροτέχναι καὶ παντελῶς ἰδιῶται, καὶ δόξης καὶ φόβου καὶ θανάτου καταφρονήσαντες· ἐπειδὴ δύναμίς ἐστι τοῦ ἀρρήτου πατρὸς καὶ οὐχὶ ἀνθρωπείου λόγου κατασκευή. Oὐκ ἂν δὲ οὐδὲ ἐφονευόμεθα οὐδὲ δυνατώτεροι ἡμῶν ἦσαν οἵ τε ἄδικοι ἄνθρωποι καὶ δαίμονες, εἰ μὴ πάντως παντὶ γεννωμένῳ ἀνθρώπῳ καὶ θανεῖν ὠφείλετο· ὅθεν καὶ τὸ ὄφλημα ἀποδιδόντες εὐχαριστοῦμεν. καίτοι γε καὶ τὸ Ξενοφώντειον ἐκεῖνο νῦν πρός τε Κρίσκεντα καὶ τοὺς ὁμοίως αὐτῷ ἀφραίνοντας καλὸν καὶ εὔκαιρον εἰπεῖν ἡγούμεθα.