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like a beloved offering bringing to the overseers of the office, who have at once decorously nurtured us and after God the lord of all have provided both a prize for our labors and a noble end and a better fortune.

SECOND PROMOTION THE PATRICIANS 16

It is quite clear that Romulus chose one hundred elders by number from all the curiae, that is, the tribes, for deliberation on common affairs, whom he himself called fathers, but the Italians called patricians, that is, eupatrids; and after the rape of the Sabines, he named them *conscriptos*, as if enrolled together, 30 whence the rulers of the Romans are called *patres conscripti* even now. And he also enrolled another thirty curiae and as many centurions and another three hundred knights from the Sabine nation into the Roman army, so that there were in all six thousand infantrymen and six hundred knights. And this number Marius later preserved, forming the so-called legions, as if chosen men, and emperor Leo, first appointing the so-called excubitors as guards for the side-entrances of the palace, enlisted only three hundred according to the ancient custom. 17

The insignia for the fathers, that is the patricians, were double-folded cloaks, or chlamydes, reaching from the shoulders down to the shins, fastened with golden brooches, their color that of dried vine-leaves, marked with purple down the middle—they called them *laticlaviae*; and the cloaks they called *atrabaticae* from their color, because grey is called *atrum* among them; and *paragaudae*, tunics with woven bands, purple-bordered, entirely white, having sleeves—they call them *manicae*; the populace is accustomed to calling such tunics *paragaudae*; nevertheless, the *paragaudes* is an ancient tunic, distinctive to Persians and Sauromatians, as is said by Diogenianus the lexicographer; and white leg-coverings, covering the whole leg together with the feet, and a black shoe, a type of sandal, completely open, with a small piece holding up the heel, and at the front binding the toes, with straps on either side drawn over the ankles under the arch of the foot, meeting each other over the instep and binding the foot, so that very little of the shoe could be seen 32 both in front of and behind the toes, and the whole foot shone through the leg-covering. They call this a *campagus* from its use on the *campus*, that is the field, even now; for it was on the field that the Romans performed the promotions of their magistrates, on which occasion they were arrayed in such shoes. Lepidus says in his *On the Priests* that this *campagus* was formerly Etruscan. 18

The procession for the patricians was never on foot nor on horseback, for that seemed common, but in official carriages with the seat spread high, with four mules pulling the carriage made of Corinthian bronze, which was engraved with a multitude of ancient-looking shapes and figures. For it was not permitted to yoke horses to the carriage, except for the emperors alone; for a procession in a carriage with horses is triumphal. They called the wagons *burichallia* from the oxen; without which, since no burden was placed upon them, they entrusted the yoke to mules.

FOR WHAT REASON THE INSCRIPTIONS OF THE DIGNITIES THE ROMANS TITLES

CALL 19 Titus Tatius, leader of the Sabines, as I have already said, having been joined with the Romans

so united both nations, that no longer two, but one and only one Roman state was spoken of. And because he had the name “Titus Tatius,”

7

ὥσπερ ἀνάθημα προσφιλὲς τοῖς ἐφόροις τῆς ἀρχῆς ἀναφέρων, διαθρέψασιν ἅμα κοσμίως ἡμᾶς καὶ μετὰ θεὸν τὸν πάντων κύριον γέρα τε τῶν πόνων καὶ πέρας ἐσθλὸν καὶ τύχην κρείττονα παρεσχηκόσιν.

∆ΕΥΤΈΡΑ ΠΡΟΑΓΩΓῊ ΟἹ ΠΑΤΡΊΚΙΟΙ 16

∆ῆλον ἄντικρυς ἑκατὸν τὸν ἀριθμὸν γέροντας ἐκ πασῶν τῶν κουριῶν, ἀντὶ τοῦ φυλῶν, ἐπιλέξασθαι τὸν Ῥωμύλον πρὸς διάσκεψιν τῶν κοινῶν, οὓς αὐτὸς μὲν πατέρας, Ἰταλοὶ δὲ πατρικίους ἐκάλεσαν, ἀντὶ τοῦ εὐπατρίδας· μετὰ δὲ τὴν ἁρπαγὴν τῶν Σαβίνων ξονσξριπτος αὐτοὺς ἐπονομάσας, οἷον εἰ συγγεγραμ 30 μένους ὅθεν patres conscripti οἱ Ῥωμαίων ἄρχοντες ἔτι καὶ νῦν χρηματίζουσιν καὶ ἑτέρας δὲ τριάκοντα κουρίας καὶ τοσούτους ἑκατοντάρχους καὶ τριακοσίους ἑτέρους ἱππότας ἐκ τοῦ Σαβίνων ἔθνους τῷ Ῥωμαϊκῷ συνηρίθμησε στρατῷ, ὡς εἶναι πάντας ἑξακισχιλίους μὲν πεζομάχους, ἑξακοσίους δὲ ἱππότας. καὶ τοῦτον τὸν ἀριθμὸν ὁ Μάριος ὕστερον διεφύλαξεν, τὰς λεγομένας λεγιῶνας, οἷον εἰ λογάδας, διατυπῶν, καὶ Λέων δὲ ὁ βασιλεὺς πρῶτος τοὺς λεγομένους ἐκσκουβίτωρας τῶν παρεξόδων τοῦ παλατίου φύλακας προστησάμενος τριακοσίους μόνους ἐστράτευσε κατὰ τὴν ἀρχαιότητα. 17 Ἐπίσημα δὲ τοῖς πατράσιν, ἤ τοι πατρικίοις, ἦν δίπλακες μὲν ἤ τοι χλαμύδες ἄχρι κνημῶν ἐξ ὤμων διήκουσαι, περόναις χρυσαῖς ἀνεσταλμέναι, τὸ χρῶμα ξηραμπέλινοι, πορφύρᾳ κατὰ μέσου διάσημοι λατικλαβίας αὐτὰς ὠνόμαζον· τὰς δὲ χλαμύδας ἀτραβαττικὰς ἐκ τοῦ χρώματος, ὅτι τὸ φαιὸν κατ' αὐτοὺς ἄτρον προσαγορεύεται· καὶ παραγῶδαι, χιτῶνες λογχωτοί, ἀκροπόρφυροι, λευκοὶ δι' ὄλου, περιχερίδας ἔχοντες μανίκας αὐτὰς ἐκεῖνοι λέγουσιν· τοὺς δὲ τοιούτους χιτῶνας παραγαύδας τὸ πλῆθος οἶδεν ὀνομάζειν· ἀρχαῖος ὅμως χιτὼν ὁ παραγαύδης, Πέρσαις καὶ Σαυρομάταις ἐπίσημος, ὡς ∆ιογενιανῷ τῷ λεξογράφῳ εἴρηται· περισκελίδες τε λευκαί, ὄλον τὸ σκέλος σὺν τοῖς ποσὶ σκέπουσαι, καὶ ὑπόδημα μέλαν, ὑποσάνδαλον, δι' ὅλου γυμνόν, βραχεῖ τινι ἀναστήματι τὴν πτέρνην, ἐπ' ἄκρου δὲ τοὺς δακτύλους τῶν ποδῶν συσφίγγον, ἱμάντων ἑκατέρωθεν ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀστραγάλους ὑπὸ τὸ ψαλίδωμα τοῦ ποδὸς διελκομένων, ἐπὶ τὸ στῆθος ἀνθυπαντώντων ἀλλήλοις καὶ διαδεσμούντων τὸν πόδα, ὥστε βραχὺ λίαν ἔκ τε δακτύλων ἔμπροσθεν καὶ ἐξόπισθεν διαφαίνε 32 σθαι τὸ ὑπόδημα, ὄλον δὲ τὸν πόδα τῇ περισκελίδι διαλάμπειν. κάμπαγον αὐτὸ καλοῦσιν ἐκ τῆς ἐπὶ τὸν κάμπον, οἷον εἰ τὸ πεδίον, χρείας ἔτι καὶ νῦν· ἐπὶ γὰρ τοῦ πεδίου γινόμενοι τὰς προαγωγὰς τῶν ἀρχόντων Ῥωμαῖοι ἐπετέλουν, ἐφ' οὗ τοῖς τοιούτοις ἐστέλλοντο ὑποδήμασιν. τουτονὶ τὸν κάμπαγον Θούσκων γενέσθαι τὸ πρὶν ὁ Λέπιδος ἐν τῷ Περὶ Ἱερέων φησίν. 18 Πρόοδος δὲ τοῖς πατρικίοις ἐκ ποδὸς μὲν οὐδέποτε ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ἱππικὴ κοινὴ γὰρ ἐδόκει, ὀχήμασι δὲ ἐπισήμοις ἐφ' ὑψηλοῦ τῆς καθέδρας ἀναστρωννυμένοις, τεσσάρων ἡμιόνων ἑλκόντων τὸ ὄχημα ἐκ χαλκοῦ Κορινθίου, εἰς πλῆθος σχημάτων καὶ τύπων ἀρχαιοφανῶν διαγεγλυμμένων. οὐδὲ γὰρ ἵππους ἐξῆν ὑποζεῦξαι τῷ ὀχήματι εἰ μή γε μόνοις τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν· θριαμβικὴ γὰρ ἡ μετὰ τῶν ἵππων ἐν ὀχήματι πρόοδος. βουριχάλλια δὲ τὰς ἁμάξας ἐκ τῶν βοῶν ἐκάλουν· ὧν ἄνευ, ἐπεὶ μὴ φορτίον ἐπέκειτο, ἡμιόνοις ἐπίστευον τὸν ζυγόν.

ΤΙΝΟΣ ΧΆΡΙΝ ΤᾺΣ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΦᾺΣ ΤΩ͂Ν ἈΞΙΩΜΆΤΩΝ ΟἹ ῬΩΜΑΙ͂ΟΙ ΤΊΤΛΟΥΣ

ΚΑΛΟΥ͂ΣΙΝ 19 Τίτος Τάτιος, Σαβίνων ἡγούμενος, ὡς ἔφθην εἰπών, συναφθεὶς τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις

οὕτως ἥνωσεν ἄμφω τὰ ἔθνη, ὡς μηκέτι δύο, μίαν δὲ καὶ μόνην ἀναφέρεσθαι τὴν Ῥωμαίων πολιτείαν. ὅτι δὲ «Τίτος Τάτιος» τὴν προσηγορίαν ἐκεῖνος εἶχεν,