John Chrysostom, On the Birthday

of holies. And when did this happen? In the month Gorpiaeus. Then, therefore, Zacharias entered into the Holy of Holies; then also he received the good news concerning John. He departed thence, therefore, and his wife began to conceive. And after Gorpiaeus, when Elizabeth was in her sixth month, which is Dystrus, Mary then began to conceive. Counting nine months therefore from Xanthicus, we shall arrive at the present month, in which our Lord Jesus Christ was born. 2. But we have made all things concerning the day clear to you; and having said one thing more, I will end my discourse, yielding to the common teacher of greater things. For since many of the Greeks, hearing that God was born in the flesh, mock and ridicule, and 49.359 disturb and trouble many of the more simple; it is necessary to speak both to them and to those who are troubled, so that they may never be disturbed, being persuaded by foolish men, nor be troubled by the laughter of unbelievers. For indeed little children often laugh when we are speaking seriously and busied about necessary things; but the laughter is a proof not of the insignificance of the things laughed at, but of the folly of those who laugh. This, then, can be said also of the Greeks, that being disposed almost more foolishly than children, they ridicule things worthy of awe and full of wonder, but dignify and adorn things that are truly ridiculous. But nevertheless our things, though mocked by them, remain in their own majesty, in no way having their glory harmed by their laughter; and their own things, though adorned on all sides, show their own shamefulness. H

ow for is it not of the utmost madness, for them, who are prone to fall into worshipping stones and wood and cheap carved images, introducing their own gods, and shutting them up as if in some prison, to consider nothing shameful either to do or to say; but they say they accuse us, because God, having prepared for Himself a living temple from the Holy Spirit, through it benefited the world? And what crime is this? For if it is shameful for God to dwell in a human body, it is much more so in stone and wood, and by as much as stone and wood are less honorable than a human, unless perhaps our race seems to them to be cheaper than these senseless materials. For they themselves, and many of the heretics, dare to bring down the substance of God even into cats and dogs, and into things even less honorable than these. But we neither say any of these things, nor would we ever endure to hear them; but we say this, that Christ took up pure and holy and blameless flesh, inaccessible to all sin, from a virgin's womb, and corrected His own creation. And they, and the Manichaeans who are impious in the same way as they are, introducing the substance of God into dogs and apes and all kinds of beasts (for they say that the soul in all these is from that substance), do not shudder or shrink in shame, but they say we speak things unworthy of God, because we endure to conceive none of these things; but what was fitting and proper for Him, we say, that having come He corrected His own work by the manner of this birth. What do you say, tell me, O man? You who say that the soul of murderers and sorcerers is of the substance of God, do you dare to accuse us, because we endure none of these things, nor do we bear to hear them said, but we even judge those who say them to be partakers of impiety; but we say this, that God, having prepared for Himself a holy temple, through it introduced the citizenship of the heavens into our life. And how would you not be worthy of a thousand deaths, both for the accusations you bring against us, and for the impieties which you do not cease to commit? For if 49.360 it is unseemly for God to inhabit a pure and blameless body, as you say; much more unseemly is that of the sorcerer, that of the tomb-robber, that of the bandit, that of the ape, that of the dog, not the holy and blameless itself and at the right hand

ἁγίων. Πότε δὲ τοῦτο ἐγίνετο; Ἐν τῷ μηνὶ τῷ Γορπιαίῳ. Τότε οὖν εἰσῆλθεν ὁ Ζαχαρίας εἰς τὰ Ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων· τότε καὶ εὐηγγελίσθη περὶ τοῦ Ἰωάννου. Ἀνεχώρησεν οὖν ἐκεῖθεν, καὶ ἤρξατο συλλαμβάνειν ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ. Μετὰ δὲ τὸν Γορπιαῖον, ἕκτον μῆνα ἐχούσης τῆς Ἐλισάβετ, ὅσπερ ἐστὶν ὁ ∆ύστρος, ἤρξατο συλλαμβάνειν λοιπὸν ἡ Μαρία. Ἀπὸ Ξανθικοῦ τοίνυν ἐννέα ἀριθμοῦντες μῆνας, εἰς τὸν παρόντα ἥξομεν μῆνα, καθ' ὃν ὁ Κύριος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς ἐτέχθη. ʹ. Ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν περὶ τῆς ἡμέρας πάντα ὑμῖν δῆλα ἐποιήσαμεν· ἓν δὲ λοιπὸν εἰπὼν, καταπαύσω τὸν λόγον, τῷ κοινῷ διδασκάλῳ τῶν μειζόνων παραχωρήσας. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ πολλοὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἀκούοντες, ὅτι Θεὸς ἐτέχθη ἐν σαρκὶ, καταγελῶσι διασύροντες, καὶ 49.359 πολλοὺς τῶν ἀφελεστέρων θορυβοῦσι καὶ ταράττουσιν· ἀναγκαῖον καὶ πρὸς ἐκείνους, καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ταραττομένους εἰπεῖν, ὥστε μὴ θορυβεῖσθαί ποτε, ὑπὸ ἀφρόνων ἀνθρώπων ἀναπειθομένους, μήτε ταράττεσθαι ἐκ τοῦ τῶν ἀπίστων γέλωτος. Καὶ γὰρ τὰ παιδία τὰ μικρὰ πολλάκις γελᾷ, σπουδαιολογουμένων ἡμῶν καὶ περὶ τῶν ἀναγκαίων ἀσχολουμένων· ἀλλ' οὐ τῆς τῶν γελωμένων πραγμάτων εὐτελείας, ἀλλὰ τῆς τῶν γελώντων ἀνοίας τεκμήριον ὁ γέλως ἐστίν. Ὅπερ οὖν καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἔστιν εἰπεῖν, ὅτι παίδων ἀνοητότερον σχεδὸν διακείμενοι, τὰ φρίκης ἄξια καὶ πολλοῦ θαύματος γέμοντα διασύρουσι, τὰ δὲ ἀληθῶς καταγέλαστα σεμνύνουσι καὶ περιστέλλουσιν. Ἀλλ' ὅμως καὶ τὰ ἡμέτερα παρ' ἐκείνοις γελώμενα ἐπὶ τῆς οἰκείας σεμνότητος μένει, οὐδὲν ἀπὸ τοῦ γέλωτος ἐκείνων εἰς τὴν ἑαυτῶν παραβλαπτόμενα δόξαν· καὶ τὰ αὐτῶν πανταχόθεν περιστελλόμενα τὴν οἰκείαν ἀσχημοσύνην ἐνδείκνυται. Π

ῶς γὰρ οὐκ ἐσχάτης παραπληξίας, αὐτοὺς μὲν εὐολίσθους ὑπάρχοντας εἰς λίθους καὶ ξύλα καὶ εὐτελῆ ξόανα τοὺς ἑαυτῶν εἰσάγοντας θεοὺς, καὶ καθάπερ ἐν δεσμωτηρίῳ τινὶ ἀποκλείοντας, μηδὲν αἰσχρὸν ἡγεῖσθαι μήτε ποιεῖν, μήτε λέγειν· ἡμῖν δὲ ἐγκαλεῖν λέγουσιν, ὅτι ναὸν ἑαυτῷ κατασκευάσας ὁ Θεὸς ζῶντα ἐκ Πνεύματος ἁγίου, δι' αὐτοῦ τὴν οἰκουμένην ὠφέλησε; Καὶ ποῖον ἔγκλημα τοῦτο; Εἰ γὰρ αἰσχρὸν, ἐν ἀνθρωπίνῳ σώματι Θεὸν οἰκῆσαι, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐν λίθῳ καὶ ξύλῳ, καὶ τοσοῦτον, ὅσον λίθος καὶ ξύλον ἀτιμότερον ἀνθρώπου, εἰ μὴ ἄρα καὶ τῶν ἀναισθήτων τούτων ὑλῶν εὐτελέστερον τὸ γένος ἡμῶν αὐτοῖς εἶναι δοκεῖ. Αὐτοὶ γὰρ καὶ εἰς αἰλούρους καὶ κύνας, πολλοὶ δὲ τῶν αἱρετικῶν καὶ εἰς ἔτι τούτων ἀτιμότερα τοῦ Θεοῦ κατάγειν τολμῶσι τὴν οὐσίαν. Ἡμεῖς δὲ τούτων μὲν οὐδὲν οὔτε λέγομεν, οὔτε ἀκοῦσαί ποτε ἂν ἀνασχοίμεθα· ἐκεῖνο δέ φαμεν, ὅτι καθαρὰν σάρκα καὶ ἁγίαν καὶ ἄμωμον καὶ ἁμαρτίᾳ ἁπάσῃ γεγενημένην ἄβατον ἐκ παρθενικῆς μήτρας ἀνέλαβεν ὁ Χριστὸς, καὶ τὸ οἰκεῖον διωρθώσατο πλάσμα. Κἀκεῖνοι μὲν, καὶ οἱ τὰ αὐτὰ ἀσεβοῦντες αὐτοῖς Μανιχαῖοι, εἰς κύνας καὶ πιθήκους καὶ θηρία παντοδαπὰ τὴν οὐσίαν εἰσάγοντες τοῦ Θεοῦ (τὴν γὰρ ψυχὴν τούτοις ἅπασιν ἐκ τῆς οὐσίας ἐκείνης εἶναί φασιν), οὐ φρίττουσιν οὐδὲ καταδύονται, ἡμᾶς δὲ ἀνάξια τοῦ Θεοῦ λέγειν φασὶν, ὅτι τούτων μὲν οὐδὲν οὔτε εἰς νοῦν λαβεῖν ἀνεχόμεθα· ὃ δὲ αὐτῷ πρέπον ἦν καὶ προσῆκον, λέγομεν, ὅτι τὸ οἰκεῖον ἔργον ἐλθὼν διωρθώσατο τῷ τῆς γεννήσεως ταύτης τρόπῳ. Τί λέγεις, εἰπέ μοι, ὦ ἄνθρωπε; Τὴν τῶν ἀνδροφόνων ψυχὴν καὶ τὴν τῶν γοήτων τῆς οὐσίας εἶναι λέγων τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἡμῖν τολμᾷς ἐγκαλεῖν, ὅτι τούτων μὲν οὐδὲν ἀνεχόμεθα, οὔτε ὑπομένομεν ἀκοῦσαι λεγόμενον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς λέγοντας ἀσεβείας κρίνομεν μετόχους· ἐκεῖνο δέ φαμεν, ὅτι ναὸν ἅγιον ἑαυτῷ κατασκευάσας ὁ Θεὸς, δι' ἐκείνου τὴν τῶν οὐρανῶν πολιτείαν εἰς τὸν βίον εἰσήγαγε τὸν ἡμέτερον. Καὶ πῶς οὐκ ἂν εἴητε μυρίων θανάτων ἄξιοι, καὶ ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐγκλημάτων, ὧν ἡμῖν ἐγκαλεῖτε, καὶ ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀσεβημάτων, ὧν ἀσεβοῦντες οὐ παύεσθε; Εἰ 49.360 γὰρ ἀπρεπὲς Θεῷ, σῶμα οἰκῆσαι καθαρὸν καὶ ἄμωμον, ὡς ὑμεῖς λέγετε· πολὺ μᾶλλον ἀπρεπέστερον, τὸ τοῦ γόητος, τὸ τοῦ τυμβωρύχου, τὸ τοῦ λῃστοῦ, τὸ τοῦ πιθήκου, τὸ τοῦ κυνὸς, οὐκ αὐτὸ τὸ ἅγιον καὶ ἄμωμον καὶ ἐν δεξιᾷ