8

of the Aegean and Syrian seas and of the Sarus and the others, and especially all those who, passing by Pamphylia and Cilicia, empty into the Egyptian sea. Thus, then, stood the eastern armies; but those of the west, having flowed together to Bryennius, left the Roman empire with an altogether narrow and small army. For some Immortals were left to it, who had only yesterday and the day before taken up sword and spear, and some few soldiers from Choma, and a certain Celtic force reduced to a few men. These, indeed, they give to my father Alexios, and at the same time, having summoned allies from the Turks, those around the emperor ordered him to go out and engage with Bryennius, trusting not so much in the accompanying army as in the spirit of the man and his skill in wars and battles. 1.4.5 But he, not waiting for the alliance, hearing that the enemy was approaching swiftly, and having from there well-fortified both himself and his followers, went out of the queen of cities and, having arrived in Thrace, encamped by the river Halmyros without trenches and a palisade. For, learning that Bryennius was quartered in the plains of Cedoctus, he wished that both armies, his own and that of the enemy, should be a considerable distance apart. For he was not able to stand face to face against Bryennius, lest the state of his forces should become manifest and he should give the enemy a sense of how large his army was. For he was about to engage with few against many and with inexperienced soldiers against experienced ones, and refraining from confidence and from attacking openly, he wished to steal the victory.

1.5.1 Since the account has now set two noble men for war, both Bryennius and my father, Komnenos Alexios (for neither was inferior to the other in courage, nor did one have less experience than the other), it is worthwhile, having set them in phalanxes and opposing battle lines, to observe from there the fortune of the war. For these two men were both handsome and noble, and in matters of hand-to-hand combat and experience, they were equal, as if standing on the beam of a balance; but we must see where the scale of fortune tipped. For Bryennius, along with his confidence in his forces, put forward his experience and the good order of his battle formation; but Alexios, on the other hand, had few and very slender hopes as far as the army was concerned, but he put forward in opposition the strength derived from skill and strategic devices. 1.5.2 For now, being aware of each other and that it was now time for war, Bryennius, since he had learned that Komnenos Alexios was trying to cut off his approaches and was encamped near Kalavrye, drew up his forces and advanced against him. For having drawn up the army into a right and a left wing, he ordered his own brother John to command the right; and there were five thousand who made up this part, Italians and men from that detachment of Maniakos, and indeed cavalry from Thessaly and a certain not ignoble contingent from the Hetaireia. The other, the left wing, Katakalon Tarchaneiotes held, with Macedonians and Thracians fully armed, numbering three thousand in all. But Bryennius himself held the center of the phalanx, composed of both Macedonians and Thracians and all the elite of the nobility. And all were mounted on Thessalian horses, gleaming with their iron breastplates and the helmets on their heads, and as the horses raised their ears straight up and the shields clattered against each other, a great gleam from them and their helmets flashed forth from there with terror. And Bryennius, moving about in their midst like some Ares or Giant, towering by one cubit above all the others by the shoulders, was an object of utter wonder and fear to those who beheld him. And outside the ranks

8

Αἰγαίου τε καὶ Συριακοῦ πελάγους [καὶ] Σάρου τε καὶ τῶν ἄλλων καὶ μάλιστα ὁπόσοι Παμφυλίαν τε καὶ Κίλικας παραμείβοντες ἐς τὸ πέλαγος ἐκπίπτουσι τὸ Αἰγύπτιον. Τὰ μὲν οὖν ἑῷα στρατεύματα οὕτως ἔσχον· τὰ δὲ τῆς ἑσπέρας ἐς τὸν Βρυέννιον συρρεύ σαντα εἰς στενὸν κομιδῆ καὶ ὀλίγον στράτευμα τὴν βασι λείαν ἀφῆκε Ῥωμαίων. Ἀθάνατοί τε γάρ τινες αὐτῇ κατελείφθησαν χθὲς καὶ πρῴην ξίφους ἡμμένοι καὶ δόρατος καί τινες ἐκ τοῦ Χώματος στρατιῶται ὀλίγοι καὶ Κελτική τις στρατιὰ εἰς ὀλίγους τινὰς περιϊσταμένη. Τούτους δὴ τῷ ἐμῷ πατρὶ Ἀλεξίῳ διδόασι καὶ ἅμα συμμάχους ἀπὸ τῶν Τούρκων προσκαλεσάμενοι ἐξιέναι οἱ περὶ τὸν βασιλέα προσέταττον καὶ ξυμμῖξαι τῷ Βρυεννίῳ οὐ μᾶλλον εἰς τὴν ἐφεπομένην στρατιὰν θαρροῦντες ἢ εἰς τὸ φρόνημα τοῦ ἀνδρὸς καὶ τὴν ἐν πολέμοις καὶ μάχαις δεινότητα. 1.4.5 Ὁ δὲ τὴν ξυμμαχίαν μὴ περιμείνας ὀξέως ἐπερχόμενον τὸν ἐχθρὸν ἀκούων κἀντεῦθεν καλῶς καὶ ἑαυτὸν καὶ τοὺς ξυν επομένους φραξάμενος ἔξεισι τῆς βασιλίδος τῶν πόλεων καὶ κατὰ τὴν Θρᾴκην γεγονὼς περὶ τὸν Ἁλμυρὸν ποταμὸν στρατοπεδεύει ἄνευ τάφρων καὶ χάρακος. Μανθάνων γὰρ τὸν Βρυέννιον ἐν τοῖς Κηδόκτου πεδίοις αὐλιζόμενον ἐβούλετο ἑκάτερα τὰ στρατεύματα αὐτοῦ τε καὶ τῶν ἐναν τίων ἀξιόλογον ἀπέχειν διάστημα. Οὐ γὰρ εἶχεν ἀντιμέτω πος ἐπιστῆναι τῷ Βρυεννίῳ, ἵνα μὴ κατάφωρα γένοιτο τὰ τῆς δυνάμεως καὶ μὴ δοίη, ὁπόσος τίς ἐστι τὴν στρα τιάν, αἴσθησιν τῷ ἐχθρῷ. Μετ' ὀλίγων γὰρ πρὸς πολλοὺς καὶ μετ' ἀπειροπολέμων πρὸς ἐμπειροπολέμους ἔμελλε ξυμβαλεῖν καὶ τοῦ θαρρεῖν ἀφέμενος καὶ ἀναφανδὸν ἐμπίπτειν κλωπετεύειν τὴν νίκην ἐβούλετο.

1.5.1 Ἐπεὶ δὲ ἄνδρας καὶ ἀμφοτέρους γενναίους εἰς πόλεμον ὁ λόγος κατεστήσατο, τόν τε Βρυέννιον καὶ τὸν ἐμὸν πατέρα τὸν Κομημνὸν Ἀλέξιον (οὐδὲν γὰρ ἕτερος τοῦ ἑτέρου πρὸς ἀνδρείαν ἀπελιμπάνετο οὐδὲ τὰ τῆς ἐμπειρίας ἕτερος ἑτέρου παρ' ἔλαττον εἶχεν), ἄξιόν ἐστι καταστησα μένους τούτους εἰς φάλαγγας καὶ ἀντιπαρατάξεις ἐκεῖθεν ἀποσκοπῆσαι τοῦ πολέμου τὴν τύχην. Τὼ μὲν γὰρ ἄνδρε τούτω καὶ ἄμφω ἤστην καλὼ καὶ γενναίω καὶ τά γε εἰς χεῖρας καὶ πεῖραν ἴσοι ὥσπερ ἐπὶ τρυτάνης ἱστάμενοι· ὁρᾶν δὲ ἡμᾶς χρεών, ὅπου τὰ τῆς τύχης ἐπέβρισεν. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ Βρυέννιος μετὰ τοῦ θαρρεῖν ταῖς δυνάμεσι καὶ τὴν πεῖραν προὐβάλλετο καὶ τὴν εὐταξίαν τῆς παρατάξεως· ὁ δ' Ἀλέξιος ἐκ τοῦ ἑτέρου ὀλίγας μὲν ἐλπίδας καὶ πάνυ ἀφελεῖς εἶχεν ὅσον ἐπὶ τῷ στρατεύματι, ἀντιπροὐβάλλετο δὲ τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς τέχνης ἰσχὺν καὶ τὰς στρατηγικὰς μηχα νάς. 1.5.2 Ἤδη γὰρ ἀλλήλοιν αἰσθόμενοι καὶ ὅτι πολέμων ἤδη καιρὸς ὁ μὲν Βρυέννιος, ἐπειδὴ τὰς ἐφόδους αὐτοῦ προϋποτέμνεσθαι τὸν Κομνηνὸν Ἀλέξιον μεμαθήκοι καὶ περὶ Καλαυρὴν στρατοπεδεύειν, οὕτω ξυνταξάμενος ἀντεπ ήρχετο. Εἴς τε γὰρ δεξιὸν κέρας καὶ εὐώνυμον τάξας τὸ στράτευμα τοῦ μὲν δεξιοῦ κατάρχειν τὸν αὐτάδελφον Ἰωάν νην ἐπέταττε· πεντακισχίλιοι δ' ἦσαν οἱ τοῦτο τὸ μέρος συμπληροῦντες, Ἰταλοί τε καὶ τῆς τοῦ Μανιάκου ἐκείνου ἀποσπάδος καὶ μὴν καὶ ἐκ Θετταλίας ἄνδρες ἱππεῖς καὶ μοῖρά τις τῶν ἀπὸ τῆς ἑταιρίας οὐκ ἀγεννής. Θάτερον δὲ τὸ εὐώνυμον κέρας ὁ Ταρχανειώτης εἶχε Κατακαλών, Μακεδόνας τε καὶ Θρᾷκας ἐξωπλισμένους εἰς τρισχιλίους τοὺς ξύμπαντας συναριθμουμένους. Αὐτὸς δ' ὁ Βρυέννιος τὸ μέσον κατεῖχε τῆς φάλαγγος ἔκ τε Μακεδόνων καὶ Θρᾳκῶν συντεταγμένον καὶ τοῦ ἀρχοντικοῦ σύμπαντος ὅσον ἐπίλεκτον. Πάντες δὲ ἐφ' ἵππου Θετταλῆς ἐποχού μενοι καὶ τοῖς σιδηροῖς θώραξι καὶ τοῖς περὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν κράνεσιν ἐξαστράπτοντες, τῶν τε ἵππων διεγειρομένων ἐς ὀρθὸν οὖς καὶ τῶν ἀσπίδων πρὸς ἀλλήλας παταγουσῶν πολλή τις αὐγὴ αὐτῶν τε καὶ τῶν κορύθων ἐκεῖθεν ἐξέ πιπτε μετὰ δείματος. Ὁ δὲ εἰς μέσους κυκλούμενος ὁ Βρυέννιος καθάπερ τις Ἄρης ἢ Γίγας ὑπερωμίας εἰς πῆχυν ἕνα τῶν ἄλλων πάντων ὑψούμενος καὶ αὐτόχρημα θάμβος ἦν καὶ φόβος τοῖς θεωμένοις. Ἔξωθεν δὲ τοῦ τάγ