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But among us you would find uneducated people and artisans and old women, who, if they are unable to display in word the benefit from the doctrine, show in deed the benefit from their choice. For they do not memorize speeches, but they display good deeds: when struck, not to strike back, and when robbed, not to go to law, to give to those who ask, and to love their neighbors as themselves. Therefore, if we did not think that God presides over the human race, would we purify ourselves in this way? It is not possible to say so. But since we are persuaded that we shall give an account of our whole life here to the God who made both us and the world, we choose the moderate and humane and easily despised life, believing that we will suffer no evil here so great, even if some take away our life, as what we will receive there from the great Judge for a meek and humane and gentle life. Plato, then, said that Minos and Rhadamanthus would judge and punish the wicked, but we say that even if one is Minos or Rhadamanthus or even their father, not even he will escape the judgment of God. Then, while those who consider this life to be "let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die," and who regard death as a deep sleep and a forgetting, "sleep and death, twin-born," are believed to be pious; are we—who have reckoned the life here to be of little or no worth; who are guided only by the knowledge of the true God and His Word, of what is the unity of the Son with the Father, what is the fellowship of the Father with the Son, what is the Spirit, what is the union and distinction in unity of such great ones—the Spirit, the Son, the Father; who know that the life to come is much better than can be expressed in words, if we are sent away from it pure from all wrongdoing; who are so full of love for humanity as not only to love our friends ("For if you love," He says, "those who love you, and lend to those who lend to you, what reward will you have?"); are we, being such people and living such a life in order to escape being judged, disbelieved to be pious? These things, then, are small out of great and few out of many, so that we may not trouble you further; for those who test honey and whey, by a small part of the whole they judge if the whole is good. But since the majority of those who charge us with atheism have not known, even in a dream, what God is, being unlearned and ignorant of natural and theological reasoning, measuring piety by the rule of sacrifices, charge us with not acknowledging the same gods as the cities, consider, O Emperors, both sides of the question in this way, and first, concerning our not sacrificing. The framer and father of this universe does not need blood nor the savor of fat nor the fragrance from flowers and incense

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παρὰ δ' ἡμῖν εὕροιτε ἂν ἰδιώτας καὶ χειροτέχνας καὶ γραΐδια, εἰ λόγῳ τὴν ὠφέλειαν παριστᾶν εἰσιν ἀδύνατοι τὴν παρὰ τοῦ λόγου, ἔργῳ τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς προαιρέσεως ὠφέλειαν ἐπιδεικνυμένους· οὐ γὰρ λόγους διαμνημονεύουσιν, ἀλλὰ πράξεις ἀγαθὰς ἐπιδεικνύ ουσιν, παιόμενοι μὴ ἀντιτύπτειν καὶ ἁρπαζόμενοι μὴ δικάζεσθαι, τοῖς αἰτοῦσιν διδόναι καὶ τοὺς πλησίον ἀγαπᾶν ὡς ἑαυτούς. Ἀρα τοίνυν, εἰ μὴ ἐφεστηκέναι θεὸν τῷ τῶν ἀνθρώπων γένει ἐνομίζομεν, οὕτως ἂν ἑαυτοὺς ἐξεκαθαίρομεν; οὐκ ἔστιν εἰπεῖν, ἀλλ' ἐπεὶ πεπείσμεθα ὑφέξειν παντὸς τοῦ ἐνταῦθα βίου λόγον τῷ πεποιηκότι καὶ ἡμᾶς καὶ τὸν κόσμον θεῷ, τὸν μέτριον καὶ φιλ άνθρωπον καὶ εὐκαταφρόνητον βίον αἱρούμεθα, οὐδὲν τηλικοῦτον πείσεσθαι κακὸν ἐνταῦθα νομίζοντες κἂν τῆς ψυχῆς ἡμᾶς ἀφαι ρῶνταί τινες, ὧν ἐκεῖ κομιούμεθα τοῦ πράου καὶ φιλανθρώπου καὶ ἐπιεικοῦς βίου παρὰ τοῦ μεγάλου δικαστοῦ. Πλάτων μὲν οὖν Μίνω καὶ Ῥαδάμανθυν δικάσειν καὶ κολάσειν τοὺς πονηροὺς ἔφη, ἡμεῖς δὲ κἂν Μίνως τις κἂν Ῥαδάμανθυς ᾖ κἂν ὁ τούτων πατήρ, οὐδὲ τοῦτόν φαμεν διαφεύξεσθαι τὴν κρίσιν τοῦ θεοῦ. εἶθ' οἱ μὲν τὸν βίον τοῦτον νομίζοντες "φάγωμεν καὶ πίωμεν, αὔριον γὰρ ἀποθνῄσκομεν" καὶ τὸν θάνατον βαθὺν ὕπνον καὶ λήθην τιθέμενοι "ὕπνος καὶ θάνατος διδυμάονε" πιστεύονται θεοσεβεῖν· ἄνθρωποι δὲ τὸν μὲν ἐνταῦθα ὀλίγου καὶ μικροῦ τινος ἄξιον βίον λελογισμένοι, ὑπὸ μόνου δὲ παραπεμπόμενοι τοῦ τὸν ὄντως θεὸν καὶ τὸν παρ' αὐτοῦ λόγον εἰδέναι, τίς ἡ τοῦ παιδὸς πρὸς τὸν πατέρα ἑνότης, τίς ἡ τοῦ πατρὸς πρὸς τὸν υἱὸν κοινωνία, τί τὸ πνεῦμα, τίς ἡ τῶν τοσούτων ἕνωσις καὶ διαίρεσις ἑνουμένων, τοῦ πνεύματος, τοῦ παιδός, τοῦ πατρός, πολὺ δὲ καὶ κρείττον' ἢ εἰπεῖν λόγῳ τὸν ἐκ δεχόμενον βίον εἰδότες, ἐὰν καθαροὶ ὄντες ἀπὸ παντὸς παρα πεμφθῶμεν ἀδικήματος, μέχρι τοσούτου δὲ φιλανθρωπότατοι ὥστε μὴ μόνον στέργειν τοὺς φίλους ("ἐὰν γὰρ ἀγαπᾶτε", φησί, "τοὺς ἀγαπῶντας καὶ δανείζητε τοῖς δανείζουσιν ὑμῖν, τίνα μισθὸν ἕξετε;"), τοιοῦτοι δὲ ἡμεῖς ὄντες καὶ τὸν τοιοῦτον βιοῦντες βίον ἵνα κριθῆναι διαφύγωμεν, ἀπιστούμεθα θεοσεβεῖν; Ταῦτα μὲν οὖν μικρὰ ἀπὸ μεγάλων καὶ ὀλίγα ἀπὸ πολλῶν, ἵνα μὴ ἐπὶ πλεῖον ὑμῖν ἐνοχλοίημεν· καὶ γὰρ τὸ μέλι καὶ τὸν ὀρὸν δοκι μάζοντες μικρῷ μέρει τοῦ παντὸς τὸ πᾶν εἰ καλὸν δοκιμάζουσιν. Ἐπεὶ δὲ οἱ πολλοὶ τῶν ἐπικαλούντων ἡμῖν τὴν ἀθεότητα οὐδ' ὄναρ τί ἐστι θεὸν ἐγνωκότες, ἀμαθεῖς καὶ ἀθεώρητοι ὄντες τοῦ φυσικοῦ καὶ τοῦ θεολογικοῦ λόγου, μετροῦντες τὴν εὐσέβειαν θυσιῶν νόμῳ, ἐπικαλοῦσιν τὸ μὴ καὶ τοὺς αὐτοὺς ταῖς πόλεσι θεοὺς ἄγειν, σκέψασθέ μοι, αὐτοκράτορες, ὧδε περὶ ἑκατέρων, καὶ πρῶτόν γε περὶ τοῦ μὴ θύειν. ὁ τοῦδε τοῦ παντὸς δημιουργὸς καὶ πατὴρ οὐ δεῖται αἵματος οὐδὲ κνίσης οὐδὲ τῆς ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνθῶν καὶ θυμια