TO THE FELLOW PRESBYTER TIMOTHY, DIONYSIUS

 being illuminated super-cosmically by them for the hymns of the Godhead and being conformed to the sacred hymnologies, so as to see the divine lights

 For all knowledges are of things that are and have their limit in things that are, but It is beyond all essence and is removed from all knowledge. <5>

 <7> Thus, therefore, to the Cause of all and which is above all, both the nameless will apply and all the names of the things that are, so that it may

 the Father raises the dead and gives them life, so also the Son gives life to whom he will, and that It is the Spirit that gives life? That the ent

 to the one-principled Trinity also is common the super-essential existence, the super-divine divinity, the super-good goodness, the identity beyond al

 has partaken of the Word, unless someone might say according to the good-pleasing and man-loving common will and according to all the transcendent and

 Jesus, he says in his compiled Theological Outlines: <10> The all-causing and fulfilling Godhead of the Son, which preserves the parts in harmony with

 <III.> <1> And first, if you please, let us investigate the name Good, which reveals the whole procession of God's emanations, invoking the Good-Pri

 to the hierarchs, when we too, as you know, both yourself and many of our sacred brethren, had gathered for the sight of the life-originating and God-

 communions, the unconfused distinctions, the powers of the subordinate that lead up to the superior, the providences of the senior for the secondary,

 moves and nourishes and increases and perfects and purifies and renews. And light is the measure and number of hours, of days, and of all our time. Fo

 impartations and as calling all things to itself, whence it is also called Beauty, and as gathering all in all into one, and Beautiful as being All-Be

 the beautiful and the good is that which is beyond all rest and motion. Wherefore every rest and motion and that from which and in which and to which

 <12> And yet it has seemed to some of our sacred writers that the name 'eros' is even more divine than that of 'agape'. And the divine Ignatius also w

 an eternal circle through the Good, from the Good and in the Good and to the Good, moving about in an unerring convolution and in the same and accordi

 Whence then is evil? one might say. For if evil does not exist, virtue and vice are the same thing, and the whole is the same as the whole, and the pa

 irrational desire, in this it neither exists nor desires existing things, but it nevertheless partakes of the good by virtue of the faint echo itself

 simply nor in respect to time. <22> But neither is evil in angels. For if the good-like angel proclaims the divine goodness, being secondarily by part

 <24> But would someone say that souls are evil? If, because they associate with evil things providentially and for salvation, this is not evil, but go

 <30> To speak concisely The good is from one and the whole cause, but the evil from many and partial deficiencies. God knows evil, insofar as it is g

 goodnesses. <34> Therefore evil is not a being, nor is evil in beings. For evil, as evil, is nowhere. And the coming-to-be of evil is not according to

 manifestation of the all-perfect providence of the one God, and those of the more universal and the more particular things of the same. <3> And yet on

 <6> Therefore, the Essential Super-Goodness, putting forth the first gift, that of being itself, is praised by the first and most ancient of participa

 For if our sun, although the substances and qualities of sensible things are many and various, yet it, being one and shining a uniform light, renews a

 godlike and unchangeable immortality and the unwavering and unswerving perpetual motion, extending through an abundance of goodness even to the life o

 and is the cause of being of Wisdom itself, both of the whole and of each particular. <2> From it the intelligible and intellectual powers of the ange

 the cause of all things. Therefore God is known both in all things and apart from all things. And God is known through knowledge and through unknowing

 to be power-in-itself, both by being beyond-power and by bringing forth other powers, infinitely many times the infinite number of existing powers, an

 of the age, as having fallen away from none of the things that are, but rather both surpassing and pre-eminent over all beings according to a supra-es

 is defined and all inequality, which is a privation of the equality in each of them, is banished. For if anyone were to take inequality to mean the di

 We said the neck was opinion, as between the rational and irrational the breast, spirit the belly, desire the legs and feet, nature, using the name

 the return to him of those who have proceeded from him. <10> But if one should take the divine name 'Same' from the Oracles, or 'Justice,' in the sens

 beings, inasmuch as He is both before eternity and above eternity and His kingdom is a kingdom of all the ages. Amen. <ΧI.> <1> Come now, let us c

 and would never willingly wish to be at rest. And if he who says these things says that otherness and distinction are the particularity of each of the

 self-deification, of which beings, partaking according to their own nature, both are and live and are divine, and are and are called, and the others l

 It is therefore Perfect not only as being self-complete and defined in itself by itself in a single form and most perfect whole through whole, but als

 And not even the name of Goodness do we offer to It as being applicable, but from a yearning to conceive and speak something about that ineffable Natu

Jesus, he says in his compiled Theological Outlines: <10> The all-causing and fulfilling Godhead of the Son, which preserves the parts in harmony with the whole and is neither part nor whole, and is both whole and part, as having comprehended in itself all and part and whole, and surpassing and pre-existing, is perfect indeed in the imperfect as the source of perfection, but imperfect in the perfect as super-perfect and pre-perfect, a form-giving form in the formless as source of form, formless in forms as above form, essence immaculately pervading all essences and super-essentially removed from all essence, defining all principles and orders and established above every principle and order. And it is the measure of beings and age and above age and before age, full in the deficient, super-full in the full, unutterable, unspeakable, beyond mind, beyond life, beyond essence. It super-naturally possesses the super-natural, super-essentially the super-essential. Whence, since out of super-abundant love for humanity He has come even to our nature and was truly made substance and the super-divine was named man (may what is hymned by us beyond mind and speech be propitious), even in these things He possesses the super-natural and the super-essential, not only in that He shared with us unchangeably and unconfusedly, His super-fullness having suffered nothing from the unspeakable emptying, but also because, the newest of all new things, in our natural things He was super-natural, in things of essence, super-essential, surpassing all that is ours, from us, beyond us. <11> Of these things, then, enough. But let us proceed to the purpose of our discourse, unfolding as far as is possible for us the common and unified names of the divine distinction. And that we may clearly pre-define everything in order, we say that the divine distinction is, as has been said, the good-befitting processions of the Godhead. For, bestowing upon all beings and pouring out the participations of all goods, it is distinguished in a unified way, and is multiplied unitively, and is multiplied from the one without departing from it. For instance, since God is super-essentially Being, and bestows being to beings and brings forth all essences, that one Being is said to be multiplied by the production out of itself of the many beings, while it remains no less one in the multitude and unified in the procession and full in the distinction, by being super-essentially set apart from all beings and by the single production of all things and by the undiminished outpouring of its undiminishable participations. But also, being one and imparting the one to every part and whole, and one and multitude, it is likewise super-essentially one, being neither a part of the multitude nor a whole made of parts. And thus it is neither one nor partakes of one. But far from these, it is one beyond the one, for beings a one and multitude without parts, unfilled yet super-full, producing and perfecting and containing every one and multitude. Again, by the deification from itself, whereby many gods come into being by being made godlike according to the capacity of each, there seems to be and is spoken of a distinction and multiplication of the one God; but He is nonetheless the source-God and super-God, super-essentially one God, undivided among the divided, united to himself and to the many unmixed and unmultiplied. And having super-naturally understood this, our common guide and that of our master to the divine illumination, the great one in divine things, "the light of the world," says these things inspiredly in his sacred writings: "For even if there are so-called gods, whether in heaven or on earth—as indeed there are many gods and many lords—yet for us there is one God, the Father, from whom are all things and we for him, and one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom are all things and we through him." For in divine matters the unities of the distinctions prevail and are primordial, and are no less unified even after the undeparting and single distinction of the one. We shall try, as far as possible, to hymn these common and unified distinctions of the whole Godhead, or rather, good-befitting processions, from the divine names that reveal them in the oracles, it having been predetermined, as has been said, that every good-working divine name, to whichever of the divine subsistences it may be applied, is to be understood as applying without distinction to the whole divine totality.

Ἰησοῦ φησιν ἐν ταῖς συνηγμέναις αὐτῷ Θεολογικαῖς στοιχειώσεσιν· <10> Ἡ πάντων αἰτία καὶ ἀποπληρωτικὴ τοῦ υἱοῦ θεότης ἡ τὰ μέρη τῇ ὁλότητι σύμφωνα διασώζουσα καὶ οὔτε μέρος οὔτε ὅλον οὖσα καὶ ὅλον καὶ μέρος, ὡς πᾶν καὶ μέρος καὶ ὅλον ἐν ἑαυτῇ συνειληφυῖα καὶ ὑπερέχουσα καὶ προέχουσα, τελεία μέν ἐστιν ἐν τοῖς ἀτελέσιν ὡς τελετάρχις, ἀτελὴς δὲ ἐν τοῖς τελείοις ὡς ὑπερτελὴς καὶ προτέλειος, εἶδος εἰδοποιὸν ἐν τοῖς ἀνειδέοις ὡς εἰδεάρχις, ἀνείδεος ἐν τοῖς εἴδεσιν ὡς ὑπὲρ εἶδος, οὐσία ταῖς ὅλαις οὐσίαις ἀχράντως ἐπιβατεύουσα καὶ ὑπερουσίως ἁπάσης οὐσίας ἐξῃρημένη, τὰς ὅλας ἀρχὰς καὶ τάξεις ἀφορίζουσα καὶ πάσης ἀρχῆς καὶ τάξεως ὑπεριδρυμένη. Καὶ μέτρον ἐστὶ τῶν ὄντων καὶ αἰὼν καὶ ὑπὲρ αἰῶνα καὶ πρὸ αἰῶνος, πλήρης ἐν τοῖς ἐνδεέσιν, ὑπερπλήρης ἐν τοῖς πλήρεσιν, ἄῤῥητος, ἄφθεγκτος, ὑπὲρ νοῦν, ὑπὲρ ζωήν, ὑπὲρ οὐσίαν. Ὑπερφυῶς ἔχει τὸ ὑπερφυές, ὑπερουσίως τὸ ὑπερούσιον. Ὅθεν ἐπειδὴ καὶ ἕως φύσεως ὑπὲρ φιλανθρωπίας ἐλήλυθε καὶ ἀληθῶς οὐσιώθη καὶ ἀνὴρ ὁ ὑπέρθεος ἐχρημάτισεν, ἵλεω δὲ εἴη πρὸς ἡμῶν τὰ ὑπὲρ νοῦν καὶ λόγον ὑμνούμενα, κἀν τούτοις ἔχει τὸ ὑπερφυὲς καὶ ὑπερούσιον, οὐ μόνον ᾗ ἀναλλοιώτως ἡμῖν καὶ ἀσυγχύτως κεκοινώνηκε μηδὲν πεπονθὼς εἰς τὸ ὑπερπλῆρες αὐτοῦ πρὸς τῆς ἀφθέγκτου κενώσεως, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ τὸ πάντων καινῶν καινότατον ἐν τοῖς φυσικοῖς ἡμῶν ὑπερφυὴς ἦν ἐν τοῖς κατ' οὐσίαν ὑπερούσιος πάντα τὰ ἡμῶν ἐξ ἡμῶν ὑπὲρ ἡμᾶς ὑπερέχων. <11> Τούτων μὲν οὖν ἅλις. Ἐπὶ δὲ τὸν τοῦ λόγου σκοπὸν προΐωμεν τὰ κοινὰ καὶ ἡνωμένα τῆς διακρίσεως τῆς θείας ὀνόματα κατὰ τὸ ἡμῖν ἐφικτὸν ἀνελίττοντες. Καὶ ἵνα σαφῶς περὶ πάντων ἑξῆς προδιορισώμεθα, διάκρισιν θείαν εἶναι φαμέν, ὡς εἴρηται, τὰς ἀγαθοπρεπεῖς τῆς θεαρχίας προόδους. ∆ωρουμένη γὰρ πᾶσι τοῖς οὖσι καὶ ὑπερχέουσα τὰς τῶν ὅλων ἀγαθῶν μετουσίας ἡνωμένως μὲν διακρίνεται, πληθύεται δὲ ἑνικῶς καὶ πολλαπλασιάζεται ἐκ τοῦ ἑνὸς ἀνεκφοιτήτως. Oἷον ἐπειδὴ ὤν ἐστιν ὁ θεὸς ὑπερουσίως, δωρεῖται δὲ τὸ εἶναι τοῖς οὖσι καὶ παράγει τὰς ὅλας οὐσίας, πολλαπλασιάζεσθαι λέγεται τὸ ἓν ὂν ἐκεῖνο τῇ ἐξ αὑτοῦ παραγωγῇ τῶν πολλῶν ὄντων μένοντος οὐδὲν ἧττον ἐκείνου καὶ ἑνὸς ἐν τῷ πληθυσμῷ καὶ ἡνωμένου κατὰ τὴν πρόοδον καὶ πλήρους ἐν τῇ διακρίσει τῷ πάντων εἶναι τῶν ὄντων ὑπερουσίως ἐξῃρημένον καὶ τῇ ἑνιαίᾳ τῶν ὅλων προαγωγῇ καὶ τῇ ἀνελαττώτῳ χύσει τῶν ἀμειώτων αὑτοῦ μεταδόσεων. Ἀλλὰ καὶ ἓν ὢν καὶ παντὶ μέρει καὶ ὅλῳ καὶ ἑνὶ καὶ πλήθει τοῦ ἑνὸς μεταδιδοὺς ἕν ἐστιν ὡσαύτως ὑπερουσίως οὔτε μέρος ὂν τοῦ πλήθους οὔτε ἐκ μερῶν ὅλον. Καὶ οὕτως οὔτε ἕν ἐστιν οὔτε ἑνὸς μετέχει. Πόῤῥω δὲ τούτων ἕν ἐστιν ὑπὲρ τὸ ἕν, τοῖς οὖσιν ἓν καὶ πλῆθος ἀμερές, ἀπλήρωτον ὑπερπλῆρες, πᾶν ἓν καὶ πλῆθος παράγον καὶ τελειοῦν καὶ συνέχον. Πάλιν τῇ ἐξ αὐτοῦ θεώσει τῷ κατὰ δύναμιν ἑκάστου θεοειδεῖ θεῶν πολλῶν γιγνομένων δοκεῖ μὲν εἶναι καὶ λέγεται τοῦ ἑνὸς θεοῦ διάκρισις καὶ πολλαπλασιασμός, ἔστι δὲ οὐδὲν ἧττον ὁ ἀρχίθεος καὶ ὑπέρθεος ὑπερουσίως εἷς θεός, ἀμέριστος ἐν τοῖς μεριστοῖς, ἡνωμένος ἑαυτῷ καὶ τοῖς πολλοῖς ἀμιγὴς καὶ ἀπλήθυντος. Καὶ τοῦτο ὑπερφυῶς ἐννοήσας ὁ κοινὸς ἡμῶν καὶ τοῦ καθηγεμόνος ἐπὶ τὴν θείαν φωτοδοσίαν χειραγωγός, ὁ πολὺς τὰ θεῖα, «τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου», τάδε φησὶν ἐνθεαστικῶς ἐν τοῖς ἱεροῖς αὐτοῦ γράμμασι· «Καὶ γὰρ εἴπερ εἰσὶ λεγόμενοι θεοὶ εἴτε ἐν οὐρανῷ εἴτε ἐπὶ γῆς, ὥσπερ» οὖν «εἰσὶ θεοὶ πολλοὶ καὶ κύριοι πολλοί, ἀλλ' ἡμῖν εἷς θεὸς ὁ πατήρ, ἐξ οὗ τὰ πάντα καὶ ἡμεῖς εἰς αὐτόν, καὶ εἷς κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστός, δι' οὗ τὰ πάντα καὶ ἡμεῖς δι' αὐτοῦ». Καὶ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῶν θείων αἱ ἑνώσεις τῶν διακρίσεων ἐπικρατοῦσι καὶ προκατάρχουσι καὶ οὐδὲν ἧττόν ἐστιν ἡνωμένα καὶ μετὰ τὴν τοῦ ἑνὸς ἀνεκφοίτητον καὶ ἑνιαίαν διάκρισιν. Ταύτας ἡμεῖς τὰς κοινὰς καὶ ἡνωμένας τῆς ὅλης θεότητος διακρίσεις εἴτ' οὖν ἀγαθοπρεπεῖς προόδους ἐκ τῶν ἐμφαινουσῶν αὐτὰς ἐν τοῖς λογίοις θεωνυμιῶν ὑμνῆσαι κατὰ τὸ δυνατὸν πειρασόμεθα τούτου, καθάπερ εἴρηται, προδιεγνωσμένου τὸ πᾶσαν ἀγαθουργικὴν θεωνυμίαν, ἐφ' ᾗπερ ἂν κεῖται τῶν θεαρχικῶν ὑποστάσεων, ἐπὶ τῆς ὅλης αὐτὴν ἐκληφθῆναι θεαρχικῆς ὁλότητος ἀπαρατηρήτως.