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Courage stands between rashness and cowardice. He says that wisdom is hymned sometimes in goings out, sometimes in comings in, that is, among those going out from vice and coming in to virtue. For he calls the one who goes out and comes in an "exit" and an "entrance"; and we have often noted this custom of his, that from the states he names those who possess the states, whether the best or the worst. Here he has called virtue "heart," which happens to the heart. He has here taken wisdom as a genus of instruction and of knowledge; for having set forth instruction and knowledge he adds: For wisdom is better than precious stones, as instruction and knowledge are contained in wisdom, which is the first gift of the Holy Spirit, since through the Spirit is given the word of wisdom. And this same thing is also called the spirit of adoption. It should be noted that by "injustice" and "insolence" and "arrogance" he means the unjust and insolent and arrogant man, naming him from his worst state. The same food is called both meat and bread and milk and vegetables and wine; except the foolish 89 are said to partake of them as bread and as mixed wine. but if this is so, how shall we understand "Man ate the bread of angels"?

A mixing bowl is spiritual knowledge containing the discourses about incorporeal and corporeal things and judgment and providence. If Paul the apostle is a slave of Christ, and Christ is wisdom, then Paul the apostle is a slave of wisdom. Likewise let us also draw the same conclusion for the rest of the apostles and the prophets, proving them slaves of wisdom. This proclamation alone is lofty, proclaiming the places of the knowledge of God. He did not say "of my meats," for solid food is for the perfect. One ought not to reprove the evil while they are sinning; but rather to discourse to them about the fear of God, which persuades them to depart from vice. 90 If to know the law belongs to a good mind, so also to do the commandment belongs to a good mind; except doing the commandment comes before knowing the law, since knowledge is naturally added after purification. He who relies on lies: scholion. Carried about by every wind of doctrine and shipwrecked concerning the faith. For he forsook the ways of his own vineyard: scholion. For he forsook the vine that said: I am the vine, you are the branches, and my Father is the vinedresser. And he gathers barrenness with his hands: Barrenness is vice and ignorance. She who knows not shame: scholion. As shame can be taught, it is said "She knows not shame." And David [says?] that the fear of God can be taught; for he says, "Come, children, listen to me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord." But if fear and shame are natural passions of the soul, how can they be taught? Or perhaps by "fear of the Lord" he means the teaching about the fear of the Lord, which teaches us how one must turn away from vice; since by the fear of the Lord everyone turns away from evil. And again, by "shame" he names the discourses about repentance and shame that lead us to an awareness of our own sins; so also David says: I will see the heavens, the works of your fingers, the moon and the stars, which you have established; that is, I will see the discourses about the heavens and moon and stars. Touch stolen bread gladly: scholion. The bread of deceit was sweet to them; and after this their mouth will be filled with gravel. But leap away, do not linger: The mind must not linger on wicked thoughts; for no one will bind up fire in his bosom and not burn his garments. And do not drink from a strange spring: Just as with God there is a spring of life, so also with the devil there is a spring of death; and if the spring of God is a spring of virtue and knowledge, the spring of the devil is clearly a spring of vice and ignorance; and it must be understood likewise concerning rivers and wells and waters and rains.

8

Μεταξὺ θρασύτητος καὶ δειλίας ἡ ἀνδρεία ἕστηκεν. Τὴν σοφίαν ποτὲ μὲν ἐν ἐξόδοις, ποτὲ δὲ ἐν εἰσόδοις ὑμνεῖσθαι φησίν, τοῦτ' ἔστιν παρὰ τοῖς ἐξερχομένοις ἀπὸ τῆς κακίας καὶ εἰσερχομένοις εἰς τὴν ἀρετήν. ἔξοδον γὰρ καὶ εἴσοδον τὸν ἐξερχόμενον καὶ εἰσερχόμενον ὀνομάζει· πολλάκις δὲ ἐσημειωσάμεθα τὴν συνήθειαν αὐτοῦ ταύτην, ὅτι ἀπὸ τῶν ἕξεων ὀνομάζει τοὺς κεκτημένους τὰς ἕξεις ἤτοι τὰς ἀρίστας καὶ τὰς χειρίστας. Καρδίαν ἐνταῦθα τὴν ἀρετὴν εἴρηκεν, τὴν ἐπισυμβαίνουσαν τῇ καρδίᾳ. Τὴν σοφίαν ἐνταῦθα ὡς γένος ἔλαβεν τῆς παιδείας καὶ τῆς γνώσεως· παιδείαν γὰρ καὶ γνῶσιν προτάξας ἐπάγει· Κρεῖσσον γὰρ σοφία λίθων πολυτελῶν, ὡς τῆς παιδείας καὶ τῆς γνώσεως περιεχομένης ἐν τῇ σοφίᾳ, ἥτις ἐστὶν πρῶτον χάρισμα τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ ἁγίου, εἴπερ διὰ τοῦ πνεύματος δίδοται λόγος σοφίας. τὸ δ' αὐτὸ τοῦτο λέγεται καὶ πνεῦμα υἱοθεσίας. Σημειωτέον ὅτι ἀδικίαν καὶ ὕβριν καὶ ὑπερηφανίαν τὸν ἄδικον καὶ ὑβριστὴν καὶ ὑπερήφανον λέγει, ἀπὸ τῆς χειρίστης ἕξεως ὀνομάζων αὐτόν. Ἡ αὐτὴ τροφὴ καὶ κρέας ὀνομάζεται καὶ ἄρτος καὶ γάλα καὶ λάχανα καὶ οἷνος· πλὴν οἱ ἄφρονες 89 ὡς ἄρτον αὐτοὺς λέγονται μεταλαμβάνειν καὶ ὡς οἶνος κεκερασμένος. εἰ δὲ τοῦτο, πῶς νοήσωμεν τὸ Ἄρτον ἀγγέλων ἔφαγεν ἄνθρωπος.

Κρατήρ ἐστιν γνῶσις πνευματικὴ τοὺς περὶ ἀσωμάτων καὶ σωμάτων καὶ κρίσεως καὶ προνοίας περιέχουσα λόγους. Εἰ Παῦλος ὁ ἀπόστολος δοῦλός ἐστιν Χριστοῦ, ὁ δὲ Χριστὸς σοφία ἐστίν, Παῦλος ἄρα ὁ ἀπόστολος δοῦλος σοφίας ἐστίν. ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν λοιπῶν ἀποστόλων καὶ τῶν προφητῶν τὸν λόγον συνάξωμεν, δούλους τῆς σοφίας αὐτοὺς ἀποδείξαντες. Τοῦτο τὸ κήρυγμα μόνον ἐστὶν ὑψηλόν, τόπους γνώσεως κηρῦσσον θεοῦ. Οὐκ εἶπεν τῶν ἐμῶν κρεῶν, τελείων γάρ ἐστιν ἡ στερεὰ τροφή. Οὐ δεῖ ἁμαρτάνοντας ἐλέγχειν τοὺς κακούς· μᾶλλον δὲ περὶ φόβου θεοῦ αὐτοῖς διαλέγεσθαι, ὅστις πείθει αὐτοὺς ἀποστῆναι κακίας. 90 Εἰ τὸ γνῶναι τὸν νόμον διανοίας ἐστὶν ἀγαθῆς, καὶ τὸ ποιῆσαι τὴν ἐντολὴν διανοίας ἐστὶν ἀγαθῆς· πλὴν πρότερον τὸ ποιῆσαι τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ γνῶναι τὸν νόμον, εἴπερ ἡ γνῶσις μετὰ τὴν κάθαρσιν προσγίνεσθαι πέφυκεν. Ὃς ἐρείδεται ἐπὶ ψεύδεσιν: σχό. Παντὶ ἀνέμῳ τῆς διδασκαλίας περιφερόμενος καὶ ναυαγήσας περὶ τὴν πίστιν. Ἀπέλειπεν γὰρ ὁδοὺς τοῦ ἑαυτοῦ ἀμπελῶνος: σχό. Ἀπέλειπεν γὰρ τὴν ἄμπελον τὴν εἰποῦσαν· Ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἄμπελος, ὑμεῖς τὰ κλήματα, καὶ ὁ πατήρ μου ὁ γεωργός ἐστιν. Συνάγει δὲ χερσὶν ἀκαρπίαν: Ἀκαρπία ἐστὶν κακία καὶ ἄγνοια. Ἣ οὐκ ἐπίσταται αἰσχύνην: σχό. Ὡς διδακτῆς οὔσης τῆς αἰσχύνης εἴρηται τὸ Οὐκ ἐπίσταται αἰσχύνην. καὶ ὁ ∆αυὶδ τὸν τοῦ θεοῦ φόβον διδακτὸν εἶναι [λέγει?]· ∆εῦτε γάρ φησιν τέκνα, ἀκούσατέ μου, φόβον κυρίου διδάξω ὑμᾶς. εἰ δὲ ὁ φόβος καὶ ἡ αἰσχύνη πάθη ψυχῆς εἰσὶ φυσικά, πῶς διδακτικά ἐστιν; ἢ τάχα φόβον λέγει κυρίου τὴν διδασκαλίαν τὴν περὶ φόβου κυρίου, τὴν διδάσκουσαν ἡμᾶς ὅπως δεῖ ἀπὸ κακίας ἐκκλίνειν· εἴγε τῷ φόβῳ κυρίου ἐκκλίνει πᾶς ἀπὸ κακοῦ. καὶ πάλιν αἰσχύνην ὀνομάζει τοὺς περὶ μετανοίας καὶ αἰσχύνης λόγους τοὺς ἄγοντας ἡμᾶς εἰς συναίσθησιν τῶν οἰκείων ἁμαρτημάτων· οὕτω καὶ ὁ Λαυὶδ φησίν· Ὄψομαι τοὺς οὐρανοὺς ἔργα τῶν δακτύλων σου, σελήνην καὶ ἀστέρας, ἃς σὺ ἐθεμελίωσας· τοῦτ' ἔστιν, ὄψομαι τοὺς λόγους τοὺς περὶ οὐρανῶν καὶ σελήνης καὶ ἀστέρων. Ἄρτων κρυφίων ἡδέως ἅψασθε: σχό. Ἡδύνθη αὐτοῖς ἄρτος ψεύδους· καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο πλησθήσεται τὸ στόμα αὐτῶν ψηφῖδος. Ἀλλὰ ἀποπήδησον, μὴ ἐγχρονίσῃς: Οὐ δεῖ τὸν νοῦν ἐγχρονίζειν τοῖς φαύλοις νοήμασιν· οὐδεὶς γὰρ ἀποδήσει πῦρ ἐν κόλπῳ, καὶ τὰ ἱμάτια οὐ κατακαύσει. Καὶ ἀπὸ πηγῆς ἀλλοτρίας μὴ πίῃς: Ὥσπερ παρὰ τῷ θεῷ ἐστὶν πηγὴ ζωῆς, οὕτως καὶ παρὰ τῷ διαβόλῳ πηγὴ θανάτου· εἰ δὲ ἡ τοῦ θεοῦ πηγὴ ἀρετῆς καὶ γνώσεώς ἐστιν πηγή, ἡ τοῦ διαβόλου πηγὴ δηλονότι κακίας καὶ ἀγνωσίας ἐστὶν πηγή· ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ ποταμῶν καὶ φρεάτων καὶ ὑδάτων καὶ ὑετῶν νοητέον.