8

And to the extent that they happened to prosper in their livelihood, to that extent they also took courage against their enemies, and they indulged in many things from there, lying in ambush by night and daily cutting off the enemy's resources and plundering many things; from which it happened that, as they advanced to close quarters with their adversaries, they were a screen for those further inland, while those who depended on them for their hopes lived freely in their own land and attended to their own concerns, and that those in command of the army, having the rear as secure as possible, could turn the battle elsewhere and provoke it with attacks when it was not happening, and could anticipate others badly disposed before waiting to suffer terrible things from another quarter. The whole affair was being brought to a successful issue, with the frontiers in good order and with the men there not likely to yield even if something were to happen, if the enemy should dare to resist in any way, and this, with the government being close by, ready to hold out against anything that might rise against it. And former affairs were of such a kind and in such a state, not only because of the exemptions and providential cares that have been mentioned, but also because of the daily imperial courtesies, the inhabitants of the frontiers grew arrogant and had nothing that was not a sign of wealth, and from this they were more negligent in their guard duties, but more daring in making incursions and resisting those who, if they had the strength, would harm our interests.

εʹ. How, when the city had long ago been captured by the Latins, affairs in the east were weakened and concerning Chadenos. But from the time that Constantine's city was lost to the Romans and it was necessary for its children to return to the fatherland, and before the others to whom it fell to rule, it happened that they were weakened from this by the division of the emperors, and they certainly needed forethought, and all the more so that they might be no less confident in themselves, if from no other source, at least having their own wealth as the sinews of war. But later in time, when the empire had changed hands, a certain Chadenos, on whom the ruler indeed again conferred the dignity of the eparchy, being very influential with him for reasons that will now be related—for from that point the present account will be brought to its proper arrangement—he, therefore, wishing to appear to be giving profitable counsel to the emperor—and this was Michael Palaiologos—introduces this very precarious proposal, as the event later showed. And being received as one speaking profitably, forsooth, he is sent to carry out what he had previously advised. And so, arriving quickly at the places—for it was not at all for him to delay in what had been commanded, once he had begun—and finding men of great wealth, abounding in possessions and livestock, he levies these men out of those possessions of theirs and the things from which each man's livelihood was constituted, and, having assessed the amount at forty nomismata for each, and the greater part of this from his own resources, he ordered the remainder of the established tax, which was not small, to be brought into the imperial treasury. And when this was first done, the men, suffering what they had never expected, had their enthusiasm broken and their strength diminished.

ʹ. How the Persians seized the mountains of Rhomais. From this, both to the Persian warriors and those who lived by the sword, since the others had submitted to the Tocharoi, who had just seized the rule of Persia, it seemed advantageous to them in their unruliness to flee to the more defensible parts of the mountains and, by raiding the neighboring areas, to live by the law of bandits. And when this happened, very many gathered together on their own and, being strong, they often attacked our men who had become weak, and, gradually getting the better of them as they became powerless, made them yield. And perhaps, making daily inroads, they would have yielded the battlements to the enemy, had they not, with assigned salaries—for they could not hold their own possessions—barely consented to resist while dwelling nearby. And for a time they held out, for the most part even by themselves, but there were times when, with many of the enemy making incursions, they would signal to our army and often render their attack ineffective. And these things were so, as long as salaries were given at fixed times according to the

8

ὅσον δ' ἐκείνοις ἐνευθηνεῖσθαι ξυνέβαινε τοῖς κατὰ τὸν βίον, παρὰ τοσοῦτον καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἐναντίους ἐθάρρουν, καὶ πολλοῖς τοῖς ἐκεῖθεν ἐτρύφων, νυκτιλοχοῦντες καὶ ὁσημέραι τὴν τῶν ἐναντίων περικόπτοντες καὶ τὰ πολλὰ ληϊζόμενοι· ἐξ ὧν συνέβαινεν αὐτοῖς μὲν ὁμόσε τοῖς ἀντιπάλοις χωροῦσι προβεβλῆσθαι τῶν ἐνδοτέρω, τοὺς δ' ἐξαρτωμένους τὰς ἐλπίδας ἐκείνων ἐπὶ τῆς οἰκείας διατρίβειν ἀνέδην καὶ ταῖς οἰκείαις προσανέχειν φροντίσι, τοὺς μέντοι ἐπὶ τῶν ἀρχῶν τῆς στρατηγίας ὄντας, τῶν ὄπισθεν ἀσφαλῶς ὡς οἷόν τ' ἔχοντας, τὴν μάχην ἑτέρωσε τρέπειν καὶ μὴ οὖσαν ταῖς ἐπιθέσεσιν ἐρεθίζειν καὶ φθάνειν κακῶς διατεθέντας ἑτέρους πρότερον ἢ ἀναμένειν πάσχειν ἑτέρωθεν τὰ δεινά. Τὸ δὲ σύμπαν ἦν κατορθούμενον, τῶν ἀκρῶν καλῶς ἐχουσῶν καὶ μηδ' ἂν εἴ τι καὶ γένοιτο, τῶν ἐκεῖ καθυπειξόντων ἀνδρῶν, εἴ πῃ καὶ ἀντιτείνειν τολμῷεν οἱ ἀντικεί μενοι, καὶ ταῦτα καὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἐγγύθεν οὔσης, ἀνθεξούσης ἑτοίμου πρὸς ἅπαν τὸ ἀντιστησόμενον. Καὶ τὰ μὲν πρότερα τοιαῦτα καὶ οὕτως ἔχοντα, μὴ μόνον αἷς ἐρρέθη ἀτελείαις τε καὶ προνοίαις, ἀλλά γε καὶ καθημεριναῖς φιλοτησίαις βασιλικαῖς τῶν τὰς ἄκρας οἰκούντων βρενθυομένων καὶ οὐδὲν ὅ τι μὴ πλούτου σημεῖον ἐχόντων, κἀντεῦθεν καὶ ἀρρᾳθυμότερον μὲν φυλασσόντων, θαρραλεώτερον δ' εἰσβαλλόντων καὶ ἀντισχόντων τοῖς, εἴ πῃ ἰσχύσαιεν, κακοποιοῦσι τὰ ἡμέτερα.

εʹ. Ὅπως, ἁλούσης πάλαι τῆς πόλεως παρ' Ἰταλῶν, ἐξησθένησε τὰ κατὰ τὴν ἀνατολὴν καὶ περὶ τοῦ Χαδηνοῦ. Ἐξ ὅτου δ' ἡ Κωνσταντίνου Ῥωμαίοις ἑάλω καὶ ἦν ἐπαναστρέφειν ἀνάγκη τῇ πατρίδι τὰ τέκνα, καὶ πρότερον τῶν ἄλλων οἷς ἦν τὸ κρατεῖν, ξυνέβαινε μὲν ἔνθεν ἐξασθενεῖν ἐκείνους τῇ διαστάσει τῶν βασιλέων, ἔδει δ' ἐκείνοις πάντως προνοίας, καὶ μᾶλλον ἐφ' ᾧ καὶ καθ' ἑαυτοὺς οὐδὲν ἧττον θαρροῖεν, εἰ μηδ' ἄλλοθεν, ἀλλ' οὖν νεῦρα πολέμου τὸν σφῶν πλοῦτον ἔχουσιν. Ἀλλὰ χρόνῳ ὕστερον, τῆς βασιλείας μεταπεσούσης, Χαδηνός τις, ᾧ δὴ καὶ τὸ τῆς ἐπαρχίας ἀξίωμα ἐσαῦθις ἐπέθηκεν ὁ κρατῶν, τὰ πολλὰ παρ' ἐκείνῳ δυνάμενος ἐξ αἰτιῶν ὅσον οὐκέτι ῥηθησομένων ἐκεῖθεν γὰρ καὶ ὁ παρὼν λόγος εἰς κατάστασιν τὴν πρέπουσαν ἀναχθή σεται, ἐκεῖνος τοίνυν, συμφέρον δοκεῖν ἐθέλων συμβουλεύειν τῷ βασιλεῖ 33 ὁ Παλαιολόγος δ' οὗτος ἦν Μιχαήλ, βουλὴν εἰσάγει τήνδε καὶ λίαν ἐπισφαλῆ, ὡς τὸ πρᾶγμα ἔδειξεν ὕστερον. Καὶ δεχθεὶς ὡς δῆθεν συμφερόντως λέγων, πέμπεται καταπρᾶξαι ἃ φθάσας βεβούλευται. Καὶ δὴ ἐπιστὰς ταχέως τοῖς τόποιςοὐ γὰρ ἦν πρὸς τὰ ἐπεσταλμένα βραδύνειν ὅλως αὐτὸν καταρξάμενον, ἄνδρας βαθυπλούτους εὑρὼν καὶ κτήμασι καὶ θρέμμασι βρίθοντας, στρατεύει τούτους ἐκ τῶν σφετέρων ἐκείνων καὶ οἷς ὁ ἑκάστου βίος συνεκεκρότητο καί, εἰς τεσσαράκοντα νομίσματα τῷ ἑνὶ συμποσώσας, καὶ τούτων τὸ πλεῖστον ἐκ τῶν αὐτοῦ, τὸ λοιπὸν τοῦ τεθέντος τέλους, οὐκ ὀλίγον ὄν, τῷ βασιλικῷ ταμιείῳ εἰσκομίζεσθαι ἔταξεν. Ὃ καὶ πραχθὲν πρώτως, παθόντων τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἃ οὐκ ἤλπισαν πώποτε, ἐπέκλασέ τε τὴν προθυμίαν βουλομένοις καὶ καθυφείκεσαν τῆς δυνάμεως.

ʹ. Ὅπως οἱ Πέρσαι κατέσχον τὰ τῆς Ῥωμαΐδος ὄρη. Ἐντεῦθεν καὶ τοῖς τῶν Περσῶν μαχίμοις καὶ οἷς ἐν μαχαίρᾳ τὸ ζῆν, τῶν ἄλλων ὑποκλιθέντων τοῖς Τοχάροις, ἄρτι κατασχοῦσι τὴν τῆς Περσίδος ἀρχήν, συμφέρον ἐδόκει ἀφηνιάζουσι καταφεύγειν πρὸς τὰ τῶν ὀρῶν ὀχυρώτερα καί, τὰ πλησίον κατατρέχοντας, νόμῳ λῃστῶν ἀποζῆν. Ὃ καὶ γεγονός, συνέστησαν καθ' αὑτοὺς πλεῖστοι καὶ συχνάκις ἰσχυροὶ ἐπετίθεντο ἀσθενέσι γενομένοις τοῖς ἡμετέροις καί, περιόντες κατ' ὀλίγον ἀδυνα τούντων, ὑπείκειν ἐποίουν. Καὶ τάχα ἂν ἐσχωροῦντες ὁσημέραι τοῖς ἐναντίοις τῶν θριγκῶν παρεχώρησαν, εἰ μή γε ταχθείσαις ῥόγαιςτὰ γὰρ σφέτερα οὐκ εἶχον κατέχεινμόγις ὑπεῖκον προσοικοῦντες ἀντέχειν. Καὶ ἀντεῖχον τέως, τὰ πλεῖστα μὲν καὶ ἐξ ἑαυτῶν, ἦν δ' οὗ καὶ πολλῶν ἐπεισφρούντων τῶν ἐναντίων, δῆλα τιθέντες τῷ ἡμετέρῳ στρατεύματι καὶ ἄπρακτον πολλάκις τὴν ἐκείνων ἐπισύστασιν καθιστῶντες. Καὶ ταῦτ' ἦσαν, ἕως ἐδίδοντο ῥόγαι καιροῖς ὡρισμένοις κατὰ τὸ