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Heracles therefore went down and, wishing to take Pirithous, he pulled him up, but his buttocks remained on the rock. Pirithous was therefore called buttockless. The one about the black-buttocked is this. Two brothers, showing every injustice throughout the land, were called Cercopes, having obtained the name from the fierceness of their deeds. For one of them was called Passalus, and the other Aclemon, as the commentator of Zeus says. And their mother, Memnonis by name, having seen them working many terrible things on earth, said to them, "Do not encounter a black-buttocked one." And once, when Heracles was sleeping under a tree and his weapons were leaning against the plant, these men approached and wished to get their hands on the weapons. And immediately Heracles, sensing this, seized them, and having bound them upside down on a piece of wood, carried them. And then they remembered their mother's command, seeing as they were hanging Heracles' buttock, black from the hairiness of its hair. And speaking about this very thing among themselves, they brought much laughter to Heracles. And immediately he freed them from their bonds and released them.

4.40 The fortieth story is the one concerning the revered Pan. And it is this. Penelope became the wife of Odysseus. While he was wandering the wandering that he wandered after the Trojan war, many came to woo Penelope. But she put it off day after day, not wishing to be married to anyone, because she was waiting for Odysseus. Therefore all of them ganged up and had intercourse with her, and having become pregnant, she gave birth to Pan. For which reason he is called Pan, because he was sown from all. And they deified him. And this is Pan the goat-footed.

4.41 The forty-first story is the one concerning Bouthoinas. And it is this. Heracles is the one called Bouthoinas. He was called this for such a reason. Heracles was passing through the land of Dryopia, carrying also his son Hyllus. Then, when Hyllus was hungry and asking for food, Heracles asked a certain man who was plowing, named Theiodamas, for bread. But he did not give it, but even insulted him. Then Heracles, taking one of the plowing oxen, slaughtered it, and both he and his son feasted. And he was called Bouthoinas for this reason, because he feasted on the whole ox. From this came Heracles' war against the Dryopians. For when Theiodamas went up to the city and said that an enemy had come into the country (speaking about Heracles), they came out against him. And Heracles conquered them all.

4.42 The forty-second story is the one concerning Triesperus. And it is this. Heracles is said to have been conceived and born over three evenings, and they tell such myths about him. Likewise they say that this same Heracles in one night lay with all the daughters of Thestius, and made all of them bear his children, so that for these reasons they also deified him and named this his thirteenth labor.

4.43 The forty-third story is the one about Julian being called Eidolianus and Kausitauros. And it is this. Since Julian changed the name of the Christians to Galileans, now the divine Gregory wishes to mock him and say that "It is permitted for us too to call Julian by names related to him." He says therefore, "Let us call him Eidolianus as an idolater, and Pisaean as one who honors the Zeus in Pisa." And Zeus was honored in the city of Pisa (and Pisa is a city of Elis). He says therefore one must call Julian Pisaean just like Zeus, and Adonaian on account of Adonis. And Julian is said to have revered Adonis. And this Adonis was loved by Aphrodite, being a man. And he was killed by Ares because Ares was a rival for the love of Aphrodite. And one must, he says, call Julian Kausitauros because he sacrifices and burns whole bulls to the gods.

4.44 The forty-fourth story is the one concerning the crafty one. And it is this. The fox is called Kerdo. Hence also wickedness and cunning are "kerdale." For this animal, the fox, is cunning and wicked. But Minos was considered a just man, as son of

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κατελθὼν οὖν ὁ Ἡρακλῆς καὶ θέλων λαβεῖν τὸν Πειρίθουν, αὐτὸν μὲν ἀνείλκυσεν, αἱ δὲ πυγαὶ αὐτοῦ προσέμειναν τῇ πέτρᾳ. ἐκλήθη οὖν ὁ Πειρίθους ἄπυγος. Ἡ δὲ κατὰ τοὺς μελαμπύγους ἐστὶν αὕτη. δύο τινὲς ἀδελφοὶ κατὰ γῆν πᾶσαν ἀδικίαν ἐνδεικνύμενοι ἐλέγοντο Κέρκωπες, ἐκ τῆς τῶν ἔργων δριμύτητος τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν λαχόντες. ὁ μὲν γὰρ αὐτῶν ἐκαλεῖτο Πάσσαλος, ὁ δὲ ἕτερος Ἀκλήμων, ὥς φησι ∆ιὸς ὁ ὑπομνηματιστής. τούτους δὲ ἡ μήτηρ, Μέμνωνις τῷ ὀνόματι, ἑωρακυῖα κατὰ γῆν πολλὰ δεινὰ ἐργαζομένους, εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, Μὴ περιτυχεῖν μελαμπύγῳ. καί ποτε τοῦ Ἡρακλέους ὑπὸ δένδρον κοιμωμένου καὶ τῶν αὐτοῦ ὅπλων ἐπικεκλιμένων τῷ φυτῷ, πλησιάσαντες οὗτοι τοῖς ὅπλοις ἐπιχειρῆσαι ἠβουλήθησαν. εὐθὺς δὲ ὁ Ἡρακλῆς αἰσθόμενος, λαβὼν αὐτούς, καὶ κατακέφαλα ἐπὶ ξύλῳ δεσμεύσας ἐβάστασεν. καὶ τότε ἐκεῖνοι τῆς ἐντολῆς τῆς ἑαυτῶν μητρὸς ἐμνήσθησαν, ἑωρακότες κρεμάμενοι τοῦ Ἡρακλέους τὴν πυγὴν μέλαιναν ἐκ τῆς τῶν τριχῶν δασύτητος. καὶ πρὸς ἀλλήλους αὐτὸ τοῦτο διαλεγόμενοι, γέλωτα πολὺν προσῆψαν τῷ Ἡρακλεῖ. καὶ εὐθὺς αὐτοὺς τῶν δεσμῶν ἐλυτρώσατο καὶ ἀπέλυσεν. 4.40 Τεσσαρακοστή ἐστιν ἱστορία ἡ κατὰ τὸν σεμνὸν Πᾶνα. ἔστι δὲ αὕτη. Πηνελόπη γυνὴ γέγονε τοῦ Ὀδυσσέως. τούτου πλανωμένου τὴν πλάνην ἣν ἐπλανήθη μετὰ τὸν Τρωϊκὸν πόλεμον, πολλοί τινες ἦλθον μνηστευσόμενοι τὴν Πηνελόπην. ἡ δὲ ἡμέραν ἐξ ἡμέρας ἀνεβάλλετο μηδενὶ θέλουσα γαμηθῆναι διὰ τὸ περιμένειν τὸν Ὀδυσσέα. πάντες οὖν φραξάμενοι συγγεγόνασιν αὐτῇ, καὶ ἐγκυμονήσασα, ἔτεκε τὸν Πᾶνα. διὸ καὶ Πὰν καλεῖται, ὅτι ἐκ πάντων ἐσπάρη. τοῦτον δὲ ἐθεοποίησαν. οὗτος δέ ἐστιν ὁ Πὰν ὁ τραγόπους. 4.41 Τεσσαρακοστὴ πρώτη ἐστὶν ἱστορία ἡ κατὰ τὸν Βουθοίναν. ἔστι δὲ αὕτη. Ὁ Ἡρακλῆς ἐστιν ὁ καλούμενος Βουθοίνας. ἐκλήθη δὲ διὰ τοιαύτην αἰτίαν. τὴν ∆ρυόπιδα γῆν παρῄει ὁ Ἡρακλῆς, βαστάζων καὶ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ Ὕλλον. εἶτα πεπεινακότος τοῦ Ὕλλου καὶ αἰτοῦντος τροφήν, ἀροτριῶντά τινα Θειοδάμαντα λεγόμενον ᾔτησεν ὁ Ἡρακλῆς ἄρτον. ὁ δὲ οὐ δέδωκεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὕβρισεν. εἶτα ὁ Ἡρακλῆς ἕνα τῶν ἀροτριώντων βοῶν λαβὼν ἔσφαξε, καὶ ἐθοινήθη καὶ αὐτὸς καὶ ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ. καὶ ἐκλήθη διὰ τὴν αἰτίαν ταύτην Βουθοίνας, ἐπειδὴ ὅλον ἐθοινήθη τὸν βοῦν. ἔνθεν τῷ Ἡρακλεῖ γέγονεν ὁ πρὸς τοὺς ∆ρύοπας πόλεμος. τοῦ γὰρ Θειοδάμαντος ἀνελθόντος εἰς τὴν πόλιν, καὶ εἰπόντος ὡς Πολέμιος ἦλθεν ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ (λέγων περὶ τοῦ Ἡρακλέους), ἐξῆλθον κατ' αὐτοῦ. καὶ νενίκηκε πάντας ὁ Ἡρακλῆς. 4.42 Τεσσαρακοστὴ δευτέρα ἐστὶν ἱστορία ἡ κατὰ τὸν Τριέσπερον. ἔστι δὲ αὕτη. Λέγεται ὁ Ἡρακλῆς διὰ τριῶν ἑσπερῶν κυηθῆναι καὶ τεχθῆναι, καὶ τοιαῦτά τινα μυθεύουσι περὶ αὐτοῦ. ὁμοίως δὲ λέγουσιν αὐτὸν τοῦτον τὸν Ἡρακλέα ἐν μιᾷ νυκτὶ πάσαις ταῖς Θεστίου θυγατράσι μιγῆναι, καὶ παιδοποιῆσαι ἐξ αὐτοῦ πάσας, ὥστε καὶ διὰ ταῦτα καὶ θεοποιῆσαι αὐτὸν καὶ τοῦτο τὸ τρισκαιδέκατον ἆθλον αὐτοῦ ὀνομάσαι. 4.43 Τεσσαρακοστὴ τρίτη ἐστὶν ἱστορία ἡ περὶ τοῦ Εἰδωλιανὸν καὶ Καυσίταυρον καλεῖσθαι τὸν Ἰουλιανόν. ἔστι δὲ αὕτη. Ἐπειδὴ Ἰουλιανὸς τὸ τῶν Χριστιανῶν ὄνομα εἰς Γαλιλαίους μετέθηκε, νῦν βούλεται ὁ θεῖος Γρηγόριος διαπαῖξαι καὶ εἰπεῖν ὅτι Ἐξὸν καὶ ἡμῖν τὸν Ἰουλιανὸν καλεῖν ἐκ τῶν περὶ αὐτὸν ὀνομάτων. φησὶν οὖν, Καλέσωμεν αὐτὸν Εἰδωλιανὸν ὡς εἰδωλολάτρην, καὶ Πισαῖον ὡς τὸν ἐν Πίσῃ ∆ία τιμῶντα. Ζεὺς δὲ ἐν Πίσῃ τῇ πόλει ἐτιμᾶτο (Πίσα δὲ πόλις τῆς Ἤλιδος). φησὶν οὖν δεῖ καλεῖν τὸν Ἰουλιανὸν Πισαῖον ὥσπερ τὸν ∆ία, καὶ Ἀδωναῖον διὰ τὸν Ἄδωνιν. λέγεται δὲ σεβασθῆναι τὸν Ἄδωνιν ὁ Ἰουλιανός. οὗτος δὲ ὁ Ἄδωνις ἠράσθη ὑπὸ τῆς Ἀφροδίτης, ἄνθρωπος ὤν. ἐφονεύθη δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἄρεως διὰ τὸ ἀντερασθῆναι τὸν Ἄρεα τῆς Ἀφροδίτης. Καυσίταυρον δὲ δεῖ, φησί, καλεῖν τὸν Ἰουλιανὸν διὰ τὸ ταύρους ὁλοκλήρους θυσιάζειν καὶ καίειν θεοῖς. 4.44 Τεσσαρακοστὴ τετάρτη ἐστὶν ἱστορία ἡ κατὰ τὴν κερδαλῆν. ἔστι δὲ αὕτη. Κερδὼ καλεῖται ἡ ἀλώπηξ. ἔνθεν καὶ κερδαλῆ ἡ πονηρία καὶ ἡ δολιότης. δόλιον γὰρ καὶ πονηρὸν τὸ ζῷον τοῦτο ἡ ἀλώπηξ. Ὁ δὲ Μίνως δίκαιος ἄνθρωπος ἐνομίζετο, ὡς υἱὸς