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deifying are not ashamed; and while they themselves do not have intercourse with their sisters, they worship those who have done this; and while confessing that pederasty is evil, they revere those who are accused of it; and what the laws do not even permit to exist among men, these things they attribute to those named by them to be gods, and are not ashamed.

13 Then, worshipping stones and pieces of wood, do they not see that they trample on and burn similar things with their feet, but call parts of these things gods; and what a little while ago they had for use, these things they carve out of madness and venerate; not seeing, nor considering at all, that they do not worship gods, but the art of the one who carved them. For as long as the stone is unhewn, and the material is unwrought, so long they trample on these things, and often use them for their own services, even the most dishonorable; but when the craftsman imposes upon them the proportions of his own skill, and impresses the form of a man or a woman on the material, then indeed, having given thanks to the craftsman, they henceforth worship them as gods, having bought them for a price from the sculptor. And often the statue-maker himself, as if forgetting what he himself has made, prays to his own works; and what a little while ago he was planing and cutting, these things after his art he calls gods. But it would be necessary, if one were to admire these things, to esteem the art of the skilled man, and not to prefer what was fashioned by him over the one who made it. For it was not the material that adorned the art, but the art that adorned and deified the material. It would therefore have been much more just for them to worship the craftsman, than the things made by him, both because he pre-existed the gods made by art, and because as he willed, so also they came to be. But now, having thrust aside what is just, and having dishonored the skill and the art, they worship the things that have been made with skill and art; and while the man who made them dies, they honor the things made by him as immortal; which, if they should not receive daily care, are surely destroyed over time by their nature. And how would one not pity them also for this, that they, seeing, worship things that do not see, and they, hearing, pray to things that do not hear; and men, being by nature ensouled and rational, call those things gods which do not move at all, but are soulless; and the amazing thing is this, that they serve as to masters those whom they themselves guard, having them under their authority? And do not think that I say these things simply, or that I lie against them; for the proof of these things is present even to the eyes, and it is possible for those who wish to see such things.

14 But a better testimony concerning these things is also from the divine scripture, which teaches from above and says: The idols of the nations are silver and gold, the works of men's hands. They have eyes, and they will not see; they have a mouth, and they will not speak; they have ears, and they will not hear; they have noses, and they will not smell; they have hands, and they will not feel; they have feet, and they will not walk; they will not make a sound in their throat. May all who make them become like them. Nor is prophetic censure of these things absent, but there is also in these things the refutation against them, as the Spirit says: They will be ashamed who fashion a god, and all who carve vain things; and all from whence they came have withered; and let the deaf from among men be gathered all together, and let them stand at once, and let them be turned to shame and be ashamed at once; because the carpenter sharpened iron, and worked it with an ax, and shaped it with a drill, and set it up with the arm of his strength; and he will be hungry and be weak, and will not drink water. For a carpenter, having chosen a piece of wood, set it up with a measure, and shaped it with glue, and made it as the form of a man and as the beauty of a man, set it up in

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θεοποιοῦντες οὐκ αἰσχύνονται· καὶ ταῖς ἀδελφαῖς αὐτοὶ οὐκ ἐπιμισγόμενοι τοὺς τοῦτο ποιήσαντας προσκυνοῦσι· καὶ ὁμολο γοῦντες εἶναι κακὸν τὴν παιδοφθορίαν, τοὺς ἐπὶ ταύτῃ διαβαλλο μένους θρησκεύουσι· καὶ ἃ μηδὲ ἐν ἀνθρώποις εἶναι ἐπιτρέπουσιν οἱ νόμοι, ταῦτα τοῖς ὑπ' αὐτῶν ὀνομαζομένοις εἶναι θεοῖς περιτιθέντες οὐκ ἐρυθριῶσιν.

13 Εἶτα προσκυνοῦντες λίθοις καὶ ξύλοις, οὐχ ὁρῶσιν ὅτι τὰ μὲν ὅμοια τοῖς ποσὶ πατοῦσι καὶ καίουσι, τὰ δὲ τούτων μέρη θεοὺς προσ αγορεύουσι· καὶ ἃ πρὸ ὀλίγου εἰς χρῆσιν εἶχον, ταῦτα διὰ παρα φροσύνην γλύψαντες σέβουσιν· οὐχ ὁρῶντες, οὐδὲ λογιζόμενοι τὸ σύνολον, ὅτι οὐ θεούς, ἀλλὰ τὴν τέχνην τοῦ γλύψαντος προσκυνοῦσιν. ἕως μὲν γὰρ ἄξυστός ἐστιν ὁ λίθος, καὶ ἡ ὕλη ἀργή, ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον ταῦτα πατοῦσι, καὶ τούτοις εἰς ὑπηρεσίας τὰς ἑαυτῶν πολλάκις καὶ τὰς ἀτιμοτέρας χρῶνται· ἐπειδὰν δὲ ὁ τεχνίτης εἰς αὐτὰ τῆς ἰδίας ἐπιστήμης ἐπιβάλῃ τὰς συμμετρίας, καὶ ἀνδρὸς ἢ γυναικὸς εἰς τὴν ὕλην σχῆμα τυπώσῃ, τότε δή, χάριν ὁμολογήσαντες τῷ τεχνίτῃ, λοιπὸν ὡς θεοὺς προσκυνοῦσι, μισθοῦ παρὰ τοῦ γλύψαντος αὐτοὺς ἀγοράσαντες. πολλάκις δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ ἀγαλματοποιός, ὥσπερ ἐπι λαθόμενος ὧν αὐτὸς εἰργάσατο, τοῖς ἰδίοις ἔργοις προσεύχεται· καὶ ἃ πρὸ ὀλίγου κατέξεε καὶ κατέκοπτε, ταῦτα μετὰ τὴν τέχνην θεοὺς προσαγορεύει. ἔδει δέ, εἴπερ ἦν θαυμάζειν ταῦτα, τὴν τοῦ ἐπι στήμονος τέχνην ἀποδέχεσθαι, καὶ μὴ τὰ ὑπ' αὐτοῦ πλασθέντα τοῦ πεποιηκότος προτιμᾷν. οὐ γὰρ ἡ ὕλη τὴν τέχνην, ἀλλ' ἡ τέχνη τὴν ὕλην ἐκόσμησε καὶ ἐθεοποίησε. πολλῷ οὖν μᾶλλον δικαιότερον ἦν τὸν τεχνίτην αὐτοὺς προσκυνεῖν, ἤπερ τὰ ὑπ' αὐτοῦ πεποιημένα, ὅτι τε καὶ προϋπῆρχε τῶν ἐκ τέχνης θεῶν, καὶ ὅτι ὡς ἐβουλήθη, οὕτω καὶ γεγόνασι. νῦν δὲ παραγκωνισάμενοι τὸ δίκαιον, καὶ τὴν ἐπιστήμην καὶ τὴν τέχνην ἀτιμάσαντες, τὰ μετ' ἐπιστήμης καὶ τέχνης γεγονότα προσκυνοῦσι· καὶ τοῦ ποιήσαντος ἀνθρώπου ἀποθνήσκοντος, τὰ ὑπ' αὐτοῦ γενόμενα, ὡς ἀθάνατα τιμῶσιν· ἅ, εἰ μὴ τύχοιεν τῆς καθ' ἡμέραν ἐπιμελείας, πάντως τῷ χρόνῳ διὰ τὴν φύσιν ἀφανίζονται. πῶς δὲ οὐκ ἄν τις αὐτοὺς οἰκτειρήσειε καὶ κατὰ τοῦτο, ὅτι βλέποντες αὐτοὶ τοὺς μὴ βλέποντας προσκυνοῦσι, καὶ ἀκούοντες αὐτοὶ τοῖς μὴ ἀκούουσι προσεύχονται· καὶ ἔμψυχοι καὶ λογικοὶ κατὰ φύσιν ὄντες οἱ ἄνθρωποι, τοὺς μηδ' ὅλως κινουμένους, ἀλλὰ ἀψύχους ὄντας, ὡς θεοὺς προσαγορεύουσι· καὶ τό γε θαυμαστόν, ὅτι οὓς αὐτοὶ φυλάτ τουσιν ὑπ' ἐξουσίαν ἔχοντες, τούτοις ὡς δεσπόταις δουλεύουσι; καὶ μή τοι νομίσῃς ταῦτά με λέγειν ἁπλῶς, ἢ ψεύδεσθαι κατ' αὐτῶν· ἔστι μὲν γὰρ καὶ τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς ἡ πίστις ἀπαντῶσα τούτων, καὶ πάρεστι τοῖς βουλομένοις ὁρᾷν τὰ τοιαῦτα.

14 Κρείττων δὲ μαρτυρία περὶ τούτων ἐστὶ καὶ παρὰ τῆς θείας γραφῆς προδιδασκούσης ἄνωθεν καὶ λεγούσης· Τὰ εἴδωλα τῶν ἐθνῶν ἀργύριον καὶ χρύσιον, ἔργα χειρῶν ἀνθρώπων. ὀφθαλμοὺς ἔχουσι, καὶ οὐκ ὄψονται· στόμα ἔχουσι, καὶ οὐ λαλήσουσιν· ὦτα ἔχουσι, καὶ οὐκ ἀκούσονται· ῥῖνας ἔχουσι, καὶ οὐκ ὀσφρανθήσονται· χεῖρας ἔχουσι, καὶ οὐ ψηλαφήσουσι· πόδας ἔχουσι, καὶ οὐ περιπατήσουσιν· οὐ φωνήσουσιν ἐν τῷ λάρυγγι αὐτῶν. ὅμοιοι αὐτοῖς γένοιντο πάντες οἱ ποιοῦντες αὐτά. οὐδὲ προφητικὴ δὲ τούτων ἄπεστι μέμψις, ἀλλ' ἔστι καὶ ἐν τούτοις ὁ κατ' αὐτῶν ἔλεγχος, λέγοντος τοῦ Πνεύματος· Αἰσχυνθήσονται οἱ πλάσσοντες Θεόν, καὶ γλύ φοντες πάντες μάταια· καὶ πάντες ὅθεν ἐγένοντο, ἐξηράν θησαν· καὶ κωφοὶ ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπων συναχθήτωσαν πάντες, καὶ στήτωσαν ἅμα, καὶ ἐντραπήτωσαν καὶ αἰσχυνθήτωσαν ἅμα· ὅτι ὤξυνε τέκτων σίδηρον, καὶ σκεπάρνῳ εἰργάσατο αὐτό, καὶ ἐν τερέτρῳ ἐρρύθμισεν αὐτό, καὶ ἔστησεν αὐτὸ τῷ βραχίονι τῆς ἰσχύος αὐτοῦ· καὶ πεινάσει καὶ ἀσθενή σει, καὶ οὐ μὴ πίῃ ὕδωρ. ξύλον γὰρ ἐκλεξάμενος τέκτων, ἔστησεν αὐτὸ ἐν μέτρῳ, καὶ ἐν κόλλῃ ἐρρύθμισεν αὐτό, καὶ ἐποίησεν αὐτὸ ὡς μορφὴν ἀνδρὸς καὶ ὡς ὡραιότητα ἀνθρώ που, ἔστησεν αὐτὸ ἐν