9

to war and fight with each other, but to be of one mind and be at peace everywhere in all things, so that no longer, as in the old days, do those who cultivate the land have to take thought for swords and instruments of war, which indeed they formerly did because of the usual uprisings of their neighbors. And these things were manifestly fulfilled after the coming of our savior Jesus Christ; therefore, one would not find in the times before this the same stable and peaceful state of affairs that we see with our eyes under Roman rule after the times of our savior, with the mixing of the nations and peace everywhere in the country and in the cities, so that the new law and the evangelical word, beginning from the country of the Jews and from Zion itself, could unhindered traverse the inhabited world and fill all the nations. Reasonably, therefore, as if beginning a new subject, the prophetic spirit makes a distinction after the first accusation and the judgment against the nation of the Jews, and proceeding from another beginning as if of a gospel, it introduces the word of God which came to Isaiah. And this was that one, of whom the Gospel also makes mention, saying: "In the beginning was the Word"; for it was necessary, with the calling of the nations being prophesied, for God the Word to be set forth, evangelizing the things set before the nations. Since, according to Symmachus, the prophecy is said to be concerning Judea and concerning Jerusalem, one might reasonably say the word is concerning them, with respect to the letter and the immediate consideration, because in Judea and in Jerusalem the saving and evangelical grace made the beginning of the preaching. Therefore, the Christ of God went about Judea and Galilee, and he continually visited Jerusalem, "preaching the kingdom of God." These things, then, are according to the letter and to history, but according to the inner meaning, it is fitting to understand Judea and Jerusalem to be different from the ones previously accused, if indeed, according to Symmachus, the word was to the prophet concerning Judea and concerning Jerusalem. For if some better promise were brought to the nation of the Jews, it would have been well to think their country was being signified, but now the calling of the nations is joined, and next to this, a lengthy accusation of the Jewish people and again a threat against Judea and against Jerusalem. Therefore, just as he introduces a new law beside that of Moses, and another word beside the old one, and indeed a new mountain, formerly unseen but now made manifest, and a house of God known to all the nations, must one not also understand a Judea and Jerusalem in a similar way—not just for the Jews—the very ones promised to the nations, concerning which the present word is? And what might one say the Judea according to the inner meaning is, other than that which is indicated by the word that says, "In Judea God is known"? The soul, therefore, which has received the knowledge of God would be truly Judea, if indeed "in Judea God is known." Therefore, he calls the knowledge of God among the nations "Judea." And the house of God which has arisen in this Judea would be the church from the nations, being called the house of God and "founded upon the" saving and unbreakable "rock," and having called the mountain the Word of God. You would not stray from the truth, being taught by the prophet Daniel, who saw "a stone cut out of a mountain without hands," by which he signified by "stone" the humanity of the savior, and by "mountain" God the Word. And he prophesies that these things will be in the last days. And you will understand the house of God on the top of the mountains when you hear our savior speaking about his church: "A city set on a mountain cannot be hidden." The mountain of God is understood in different ways: more corporally, as the Jews might suppose, the one in the land of Palestine, but according to the inner meaning, the high and heavenly Word of God, the evangelical one, and according to a third sense, the divine Apostle Zion "heavenly"

9

ἀλλήλαις πολεμεῖν καὶ μάχεσθαι, ὁμονοεῖν δὲ καὶ εἰρηνεύειν ἁπανταχοῦ πάντα ὡς μηκέτι κατὰ τὸ παλαιὸν τοὺς τὴν γῆν ἐργαζομένους ξίφων καὶ πολεμικῶν ὀργάνων πρόνοιαν ποιεῖσθαι, ὃ δὴ πρότερον ἔπραττον διὰ τὰς συνήθεις τῶν πλησιοχώρων ἐπαναστάσεις. ἄντικρυς δὲ καὶ ταῦτα ἐπληροῦτο μετὰ τὴν τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ παρουσίαν· οὐκ ἂν οὖν εὕροι τις ἐν τοῖς πρὸ τούτου χρόνοις τὴν αὐτὴν καιρῶν εὐσταθῆ καὶ εἰρηναίαν κατάστασιν, ὁποίαν ἐπὶ τῆς Ῥωμαίων ἀρχῆς μετὰ τοὺς τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν χρόνους ὀφθαλμοῖς ὁρῶμεν, ἐπιμιξίας οὔσης τῶν ἐθνῶν καὶ εἰρήνης ἁπανταχοῦ κατ' ἀγροὺς καὶ κατὰ πόλεις, ὡς τὸν καινὸν νόμον καὶ τὸν εὐαγγελικὸν λόγον ἀρξάμενον ἀπὸ τῆς τῶν Ἰουδαίων χώρας καὶ ἀπ' αὐτῆς τῆς Σιὼν ἀκωλύτως ἐπελθεῖν τὴν οἰκουμένην καὶ σύμπαντα τὰ ἔθνη πληρῶσαι. εἰκότως οὖν ὥσπερ καινῆς ὑποθέσεως ἀπαρχόμενον τὸ προφητικὸν πνεῦμα διαστολῇ κέχρηται μετὰ τὴν πρώτην κατηγορίαν καὶ τὴν κατὰ τοῦ Ἰουδαίων ἔθνους ἀπόφασιν, ἐξ ἑτέρας τε ἀρχῆς ὥσπερ εὐαγγελίου ἀπερχόμενον εἰσάγει τὸν τοῦ θεοῦ λόγον γενόμενον πρὸς Ἠσαΐαν. οὗτος δὲ ἦν ἐκεῖνος, οὗ καὶ τὸ Εὐαγγέλιον μέμνηται φῆσαν· «ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος»· ἔδει γὰρ κλήσεως ἐθνῶν θεσπιζομένης τὸν θεὸν λόγον προτάττεσθαι εὐαγγελιζόμενον τὰ προκείμενα τοῖς ἔθνεσιν. Ἐπειδὴ κατὰ τὸν Σύμμαχον ὑπὲρ τῆς Ἰουδαίας καὶ ὑπὲρ Ἰερουσαλὴμ λέγεται ἡ προφητεία, εἴποι ἄν τις εἰκότως ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν εἶναι τὸν λόγον πρὸς μὲν τὴν λέξιν καὶ τὴν πρόχειρον θεωρίαν διὰ τὸ ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ καὶ ἐν Ἰερουσαλὴμ τὴν σωτήριον καὶ εὐαγγελικὴν χάριν ἀπαρχῆς πεποιῆσθαι τοῦ κηρύγματος. περιῄει οὖν ὁ Χριστὸς τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν Ἰουδαίαν καὶ τὴν Γαλιλαίαν, συνεχῶς τε ἐπεδήμει τῇ Ἰερουσαλὴμ «κηρύσσων τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ». ταῦτα μὲν οὖν πρὸς λέξιν καὶ πρὸς ἱστορίαν, πρὸς δὲ διάνοιαν καὶ τὴν Ἰουδαίαν καὶ τὴν Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἑτέρας εἶναι προσήκει νοεῖν παρὰ τὰς προκατηγορηθείσας, εἰ δὴ κατὰ τὸν Σύμμαχον ὑπὲρ τῆς Ἰουδαίας καὶ ὑπὲρ Ἰερουσαλὴμ ὁ λόγος ἦν τῷ προφήτῃ. εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἐπήγετο τῷ Ἰουδαίων ἔθνει χρηστοτέρα τις ἐπαγγελία, καλῶς ἂν εἶχεν τὴν χώραν αὐτῶν νομίζειν δηλοῦσθαι, νυνὶ δὲ κλῆσις μὲν ἐθνῶν συνῆπται, ἑξῆς δὲ ταύτῃ ἀποτεταμένῃ κατηγορίᾳ τοῦ Ἰουδαίων λαοῦ καὶ αὖθις ἀπειλῇ κατὰ τῆς Ἰουδαίας καὶ κατὰ Ἰερουσαλήμ, μήποτ' οὖν ὥσπερ καινὸν εἰσάγει νόμον παρὰ τὸν Μωσέως καὶ λόγον ἕτερον παρὰ τὸν παλαιόν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὄρος καινὸν τὸ πάλαι μὲν ἀφανές, νυνὶ δὲ ἐμφανὲς γεγενημένον, οἶκόν τε θεοῦ τοῖς ἔθνεσι πᾶσιν ἐγνωσμένον, οὐχὶ δὲ καὶ Ἰουδαίοις οὐδὲ καὶ Ἰουδαίας χρὴ νοεῖν καὶ Ἰερουσαλὴμ ὁμοίας τὰς καὶ αὐτὰς τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ἐπηγγελμένας, ὑπὲρ ὧν ὁ παρών ἐστι λόγος. τί δ' ἂν εἴποι τις κατὰ διάνοιαν τὴν Ἰουδαίαν ἢ τὴν δηλουμένην διὰ τοῦ φάσκοντος λόγου· «γνωστὸς ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ ὁ θεός». ἡ τοίνυν τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν γνῶσιν ἀνειληφυῖα ψυχὴ εἴη δ' ἂν ἀληθῶς Ἰουδαία, εἰ δὴ «γνωστὸς ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ ὁ θεός», οὐκοῦν τὴν τῶν ἐθνῶν θεογνωσίαν Ἰουδαίαν ἀποκαλεῖ. ὁ δὲ οἶκος τοῦ θεοῦ ὁ ἐν ταύτῃ ὑποστὰς εἴη ἂν ἡ ἐξ ἐθνῶν ἐκκλησία οἶκος θεοῦ χρηματίζουσα καὶ «τεθεμελιωμένη ἐπὶ τὴν» σωτήριον καὶ ἀρραγῆ «πέτραν» καὶ τὸ ὄρος δὲ τὸν θεοῦ λόγον εἰπών. οὐκ ἐκτὸς βάλλοις τῆς ἀληθείας τῷ προφήτῃ μαθητευόμενος ∆ανιὴλ τεθεαμένῳ «ἐξ ὄρους τμηθέντα λίθον ἄνευ χειρῶν», δι' ὧν ᾐνίττετο «λίθος» μὲν τὴν ἀνθρωπότητα τοῦ σωτῆρος, «ὄρος» δὲ τὸν θεὸν λόγον. ταῦτα δὲ ἔσεσθαι ἐν ταῖς ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις θεσπίζει. οἶκον δὲ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐπ' ἄκρων τῶν ὀρέων νοήσεις τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν ἐπακούσας περὶ τῆς ἐκκλησίας αὐτοῦ εἰρηκότος· «οὐ δύναται πόλις κρυβῆναι ἐπάνω ὄρους κειμένη». τὸ δὲ ὄρος τοῦ θεοῦ κατὰ διαφόρους ἐξακούεται τρόπους· σωματικώτερον μὲν ὡς ἂν ὑπολάβοιεν Ἰουδαῖοι τὸ ἐπὶ τῆς Παλαιστίνης χώρας, κατὰ διάνοιαν δὲ ὁ ὑψηλὸς καὶ ἐπουράνιος τοῦ θεοῦ λόγος εὐαγγελικός, κατὰ τρίτον δὲ λόγον ὁ θεῖος Ἀπόστολος Σιὼν «ἐπουράνιον»