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posing as ministers of righteousness; as therefore not befitting a false-speaking mouth, they reject the true voice.

Therefore, we too, hearing words of piety from the Hellenes, neither consider them pious, nor do we place them in the rank of teachers; for we know that they have secretly taken them from (p. 86) our own [writings] (for which reason one of them said concerning Plato, "For what is Plato but Moses speaking Attic Greek"?); We know, therefore, if there is anything good in them, it has been taken from there through misrepresentations, but we have also understood upon examination that it has not been appropriated with the same meaning. And if one of the fathers speaks the same things as the outsiders, yet it is only in the words; but in the meanings, there is a great distance between them. For these, according to Paul, have the mind of Christ, but those, if not something even worse, speak from human thought. "For as the heaven is distant from the earth, so is my thought distant from your thoughts," says the Lord. But even if they did not share in the thought of Moses and Solomon and those with them, what benefit is there to them from this? or who, having a sound mind and being ranged on our side, would say that they were taught these things by God, unless someone were to say that the heretics after Christ are also taught by God, since having heard from the church they have not distorted the entire truth? "Every perfect gift is from above, from the Father of lights," declared the disciple of the light; But if he does not accept maimed animals as gifts, how could he himself give them? And yet a maimed animal is no less an animal. But a god who does not create from non-being, nor did our souls pre-exist, nor the formless matter according to them, or rather, [matter] given form from its inherent fluctuation, yet still disordered, how could he be God? And so that I may speak according to the prophetic word, adding a little, "the gods who did not make the heaven (p. 88) and the earth" from non-being "let them perish," and with them those who theologized about them. But concerning those who call these theologians consonant with our theologians or even their teachers, thinking that they have received the theological expressions from them, what should one say, other than to pray to the light that enlightens every man coming into the world to deliver them too from this terrible darkness of ignorance and to enlighten them to understand, that there is something useful to us even from serpents, but only after killing and dissecting them and preparing and using them with reason against their dogmas? For this reason, therefore, their things are useful to us, so that we may use them against them, demolishing them, like another Goliath with his own sword, one who rises up and resists and "reproaches the army of the living God," which was taught the divine things by fishermen and unlettered men.

Therefore, we would not prevent those who wish, from among those who have not chosen the solitary life, to pursue secular learning, but we strongly advise against being devoted to it to the end. And we completely forbid expecting to know anything of the divine things accurately from it; for it is not possible to be taught anything certain about God from it. "For God has made it foolish," not by making it such Himself (for how could He darken the light?), but by exposing it as being foolish, not when compared to His own, perish the thought; for if anyone were to say this, he would also say that the law given through Moses was abolished and made foolish, when the law of grace was revealed (p. 90); But if not this one (for it is from God), in this respect at least the wisdom of the Hellenes was made foolish, inasmuch as it is not from God. And everything that is not from God, is not being; for this reason the wisdom of the Hellenes is falsely so-called. For the mind that discovered this, insofar as it is mind, is from God; but this [wisdom], having fallen away from its proper end of the knowledge of God, a fall from wisdom and an irrational wisdom, which is the same as to say a foolish one, one might more justly call it, than wisdom. Wherefore the Apostle also said that it is made foolish not as being compared [to God's wisdom], but as seeking the things of this age and not having known nor being able to know the pre-eternal God

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δικαιοσύνης διακόνους ὑποκρινομένους˙ ὡς οὖν οὐκ ἐμπρέπουσαν τῷ ψευδηγόρῳ στόματι παραιτοῦνται τήν ἀληθινήν φωνήν.

Ταῦτ᾿ ἄρα καί ἡμεῖς θεοσεβοῦς ρήματα παρ᾿ Ἑλλήλων ἀκούοντες, οὔτ᾿ οἰόμεθα θεοσεβεῖς ἐκείνους, οὔτε ἐν διδασκάλων τάττομεν αὐτούς μοίρᾳ˙ καί γάρ ἴσμεν ἐκ τῶν (σελ. 86) ἡμετέρων μέν ὑφελπομένους αὐτά (διό καί τις ἐκείνων περί Πλάτωνος ἔφη, «τί γάρ ἐστι Πλάτων ἤ Μωσῆς ἀττικίζων»;)˙ ἴσμεν μέν οὖν, εἴ τι χρηστόν αὐτοῖς, ἐκεῖθεν ἐκ παρακρουσμάτων μετειλημμένον, ἀλλά καί συνήκαμεν ἐπισκεψάμενοι μή πρός τήν ὁμοίαν διάνοιαν ἐξειλημμένον. Κἄν τις τῶν πατέρων τά αὐτά τοῖς ἔξω φθέγγηται, ἀλλ᾿ ἐπί τῶν ρημάτων μόνον˙ ἐπί δέ τῶν νοημάτων, πολύ τό μεταξύ˙ νοῦν γάρ οὗτοι, κατά Παῦλον, ἔχουσι Χριστοῦ, ἐκεῖνοι δέ, εἰ μή τι καί χεῖρον, ἐξ ἀνθρωπίνης διανοίας φθέγγονται. «Καθόσον δέ ἀπέχει ὁ οὐρανός ἀπό τῆς γῆς, κατά τοσοῦτον ἀπέχει ἡ διάνοιά μου ἀπό τῶν διανοιῶν ὑμῶν», λέγει Κύριος. Οὐ μήν ἀλλ᾿ εἰ καί τῆς διανοίας ἔστιν οὐ κοινωνεῖεν ἐκεῖνοι Μωϋσεῖ τε καί Σολομῶντι καί τοῖς κατ᾿ αὐτούς, τί τούτοις ἐκ τούτου τό ὄφελος ἤ τίς αὐτούς παρά τοῦ Θεοῦ δεδιδάχθαι ταῦτ᾿ εἴποι νοῦν ἔχων ὑγιᾶ καί μεθ᾿ ἡμῶν τεταγμένος, εἰ μή καί τούς μετά Χριστόν κακοδόξους θεοδιδάκτους φαίη τις, ἐπεί παρά τῆς ἐκκλησίας ἀκηκοότες μή πᾶσαν παρεσάλευσαν τήν ἀλήθειαν; «Πᾶν δώρημα τέλειον ἄνωθεν εἶναι παρά τοῦ πατρός τῶν φώτων», ὁ τοῦ φωτός ἀπεφήνατο μαθητής˙ κολοβά δ᾿ εἰ μή ἐκεῖνος ζῶα δῶρα προσίεται, πῶς ἄν αὐτός παράσχοι; Καίτοι ζῶον κολοβόν οὐδέν ἧττον ζῶόν ἐστι. Θεός δέ, ὅς οὐκ ἐκ μή ὄντων δημιουργεῖ, μηδέ τῶν ἡμετέρων προϋπῆρχε ψυχῶν, μηδέ τῆς κατ᾿ ἐκείνους ἀνειδέου ὕλης, μᾶλλον δέ καί τῆς οἴκοθεν ταλαντευομένης εἰδοπεποιημένης, ἀκόσμου δ᾿ ὅμως, πῶς ἄν εἴη Θεός; Καί ἵνα κατά τό προφητικόν μικρόν προσθείς εἴπω, «θεοί οἵ τόν οὐρανόν (σελ. 88) καί τήν γῆν» ἐκ μή ὄντων «οὐκ ἐποίησαν ἀπολέσθωσαν» καί πρός τούτοις οἱ τούτους θεολογήσαντες. Περί δέ τῶν τούτους θεολόγους καί τοῖς παρ᾿ ἡμῖν θεολόγοις ὁμοφώνους ἤ καί διδασκάλους λεγόντων, οἰομένων παρ᾿ ἐκείνων τάς θεολογικάς παρειληφέναι φωνάς, τί χρή λεγειν, ἤ δεῖσθαι τοῦ φωτός τοῦ φωτίζοντος πάντα ἄνθρωπον ἐρχόμενον εἰς τόν κόσμον ἀπαλλάξαι καί αὐτούς τοῦ δεινοῦ τούτου τῆς ἀγνοίας σκότους καί φωτίσαι συνιδεῖν, ὡς καί παρά τῶν ὄφεών ἐστί τι χρήσιμον ἡμῖν, ἀλλ᾿ ἀνελοῦσι καί διελοῦσι καί συσκευασαμένοις καί χρησαμένοις σύν λόγῳ κατά τῶν ἐκείνων δογμάτων; Εἰς τοῦτο τοίνυν χρήσιμα τἀκείνων ἡμῖν, ὡς κατ᾿ ἐκείνων χρῆσθαι καθαιροῦντας, οἱονεί τῇ ἑαυτοῦ ρομφαίᾳ Γολιάθ ἄλλον, ἐπανιστάμενον καί ἀνθιστάμενον καί «ὀνειδίζοντα παράταξιν Θεοῦ ζῶντος» ἐξ ἁλιέων καί ἀγραμμάτων τά θεῖα πεπαιδευμένην.

Ταῦτ᾿ ἄρα καί τήν ἔξω παιδείαν μετιέναι τούς βουλομένους τῶν μή τόν μονήρην βίον ἐπανελομένων οὐκ ἄν ἀπείρξαμεν, διά τέλους δέ ταύτῃ προσεσχηκέναι παραινοῦμεν ἥκιστα τῶν ἁπάντων οὐδέν. Προσδοκᾶν δέ τι τῶν θείων ἀκριβῶς παρ᾿ αὐτῆς εἴσεσθαι καί τελέως ἀπαγορεύομεν˙ οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἐξ αὐτῆς διδαχθῆναί τι περί Θεοῦ ἀσφαλές. «Ἐμώρανε γάρ αὐτήν ὁ Θεός», οὐκ αὐτός τοιαύτην ποιήσας (πῶς γάρ ἄν σκοτίσαι τό φῶς;), ἀλλά μωράν οὖσαν ἀπελέγξας, οὐ πρός τήν αὐτοῦ παραβληθεῖσαν, ἄπαγε˙ εἰ γάρ τις τοῦτ᾿ εἴποι, καί τόν διά Μωσέως δεδομένον νόμον καταργηθῆναί τε καί μωρανθῆναι φήσει, τοῦ νόμου φανερωθέντος (σελ. 90) τῆς χάριτος˙ εἰ δέ μή τοῦτον (καί γάρ ἐκ θεοῦ), κατά τοῦτο πάντως ἡ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἐμωράνθη σοφία, καθότι οὐκ ἐκ Θεοῦ˙ πᾶν δ᾿ ὅ μή θεόθεν, οὐκ ὄν˙ διά τοῦτο ἡ σοφία τῶν Ἑλλήνων ψευδώνυμος. Ὁ μέν γάρ ταύτην εὑρηκώς νοῦς, ᾖ νοῦς, ἐκ Θεοῦ˙ ταύτην δέ τοῦ προσήκοντος τέλους τῆς θεογνωσίας ἐκπεσοῦσαν, ἔκπτωσιν σοφίας καί σοφίαν ἠλογημένην, τἀυτόν δ᾿ εἰπεῖν μεμωραμένην, δικαιότερον ἄν τις ἤ σοφίαν προσείποι. ∆ιό καί ὁ ἀπόστολος οὐχ ὡς συγκρινομένην εἶπε μωραίνεσθαι, ἀλλ᾿ ὡς τά τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου ζητοῦσαν καί τόν προαιώνιον Θεόν μή γνοῦσαν μηδέ γνῶναι