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8. What then, he says? Have all who inhabit the cities perished and are storm-tossed, and is it necessary to abandon the cities, and having made them desolate, to remove to the desert, and to dwell on the mountain tops? Do you command and legislate these things? God forbid! For on the contrary, as I have already said, both I would wish and I pray that we may enjoy so much peace, and that the tyranny of these evils may be so far overthrown, that not only may there be no necessity for those in the cities to take to the mountains, but also that those who inhabit the wilderness, like certain fugitives, may after a long time be brought back to their own city. But what can I do? I am afraid lest, in my eagerness to restore them to their fatherland, I should instead deliver them into the hands of wicked demons, and wishing to free them from the wilderness and from flight, I should cause them to fall away from all philosophy and quietude. But if, by bringing forward the multitude in the city, you think to shame and frighten me by this, as though I would not endure to condemn the whole world, taking the decision of Christ, with it I will stand against this objection of yours. For you will not endure a matter full of so much audacity, as to look against the verdict of Him who is then to 47.330 judge us. What then does He say? The, "Narrow is the gate, and afflicted is the way that leads to life, and few there are who find it." And if those who find it are few, much more so are those who are able to reach its end. For not all who have set foot on the beginning were strong enough to stand at its end, but some in the prelude, others in the middle, and many were drowned even at the harbor itself. And again He says that many are the called, but few are the chosen. When therefore Christ declares that the greater part belongs to destruction, and that salvation is confined to the few, why do you fight against me? For you are doing the same thing as if, when we were discussing the events of Noah's time, you were to marvel that all perished, and only two and three people escaped so great a punishment, expecting by this to shut our mouth, as not daring to condemn the multitude. But we will not be persuaded of this, nor will we prefer the many to the truth. For the present things are not less than those that happened then, but even much more defiled, inasmuch as Gehenna has been threatened for these, and wickedness is not even so cut off. For who, tell me, does not call his brother a fool? And this makes him liable to the fire of Gehenna. Who has not looked at a woman with licentious eyes? And this is perfected adultery; and the adulterer must in turn fall into the same Gehenna. Who has not sworn an oath? This is certainly from the evil one; and what is from the evil one is also certainly a matter for punishment. Who has not at some time envied a friend? And this makes men worse than Gentiles and tax collectors; and that those who are worse than them cannot escape punishment is surely clear to everyone. Who has driven out all wrath from his heart, and forgiven the sins of all who have transgressed against him? And that he who has not forgiven must be handed over to the tormentors, no one who has heard Christ will dispute. And who has not served mammon? And he who has served that must renounce the service of Christ; and having denied that, he must also deny his own salvation. Who has not slandered in secret? And the Old Testament commands these to be killed and slaughtered. But what is the consolation for our own evils? That everyone, as if by some signal, has slipped into the pit of wickedness, which is itself the greatest proof of the prevailing disease, when this brings us consolation for our evils, which ought to be the cause of greater pain. For indeed, to have many partners in our sins does not free us from the charges and the punishments. But if anyone has despaired at what has been said, let him wait a little, and then he will despair more, when we speak of things much more grievous than these, such as perjuries. For if to swear is from the devil, what punishment will breaking oaths bring upon us? If calling someone a fool draws down Gehenna,

9

ηʹ. Τί οὖν, φησί; πάντες οἱ τὰς πόλεις οἰκοῦντες ἀπολώλασι καὶ χειμάζονται, καὶ δεῖ τὰς πόλεις ἀφέντας, καὶ ἐρημώσαντας πρὸς τὴν ἔρημον μεταστῆναι, καὶ τῶν ὀρῶν τὰς κορυφὰς οἰκίζειν; Καὶ σὺ ταῦτα κελεύεις, καὶ νομοθετεῖς; Ἄπαγε· τοὐναντίον γὰρ, καθάπερ καὶ ἔφθην εἰπὼν, καὶ ἐβουλόμην καὶ εὔχομαι τοσαύτης ἡμᾶς ἀπολαύειν εἰρήνης, καὶ τὴν τυραννίδα τῶν κακῶν τούτων εἰς τοσοῦτον καταλυθῆναι, ὡς μὴ μόνον τοῖς ἐν ταῖς πόλεσιν ἀνάγκην μὴ γίνεσθαι τὰ ὄρη καταλαβεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς τὰς ἐρημίας οἰκοῦντας καθάπερ τινὰς φυγάδας διὰ μακροῦ τοῦ χρόνου πρὸς τὴν αὐτῶν πόλιν καταγαγεῖν. Ἀλλὰ τί πάθω; δέδοικα μὴ τῇ πατρίδι σπουδάζων αὐτοὺς ἀποδοῦναι, ἀντὶ ταύτης ταῖς τῶν πονηρῶν δαιμόνων χερσὶ παραδῶ, καὶ βουλόμενος ἀπαλλάξαι ἐρημίας καὶ φυγῆς, φιλοσοφίας καὶ ἡσυχίας παρασκευάσω πάσης ἐκπεσεῖν. Εἰ δέ με, τὸ πλῆθος τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει προφέρων, ταύτῃ δυσωπήσειν οἴει καὶ δεδίξεσθαι, ὡς οὐκ ἀνεξόμενον καταδικάσαι τὴν οἰκουμένην ἅπασαν, τοῦ Χριστοῦ τὴν ἀπόφασιν λαβὼν, μετ' αὐτῆς στήσομαι πρὸς ταύτην σου τὴν ἀντίθεσιν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀνέξῃ πρᾶγμα τοσαύτης γέμον τόλμης, ὡς πρὸς τὴν ψῆφον ἀντιβλέψαι τοῦ τότε μέλλον47.330 τος κρίνειν ἡμᾶς. Τί οὖν οὗτός φησι; τὸ, Στενὴ ἡ πύλη, καὶ τεθλιμμένη ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ ἀπάγουσα εἰς τὴν ζωὴν, καὶ ὀλίγοι εἰσὶν οἱ εὑρίσκοντες αὐτήν. Εἰ δὲ οἱ εὑρίσκοντες ὀλίγοι, πολλῷ μᾶλλον οἱ πρὸς τὸ τέλος αὐτῆς φθάσαι δυνάμενοι. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ πάντες ὅσοι τῆς ἀρχῆς ἐπέβησαν, καὶ πρὸς τὸ πέρας αὐτῆς ἴσχυσαν στῆναι, ἀλλ' οἱ μὲν ἐν τοῖς προοιμίοις, οἱ δὲ ἐν τῷ μέσῳ, πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ πρὸς αὐτῷ τῷ λιμένι κατεποντίσθησαν. Καὶ πάλιν πολλοὺς μὲν εἶναί φησι τοὺς κλητοὺς, ὀλίγους δὲ τοὺς ἐκλεκτούς. Ὅταν οὖν ὁ Χριστὸς τὸ μὲν πλέον εἶναι τῆς ἀπωλείας, ἐν δὲ τοῖς ὀλίγοις περιωρίσθαι τὴν σωτηρίαν ἀποφαίνηται, τί πρὸς ἐμὲ μάχῃ; Ταυτὸν γὰρ ποιεῖς, ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ καὶ περὶ τῶν κατὰ τὸν Νῶε συμβεβηκότων λόγων γινομένων ἡμῖν ἐθαύμαζες, εἰ πάντες μὲν ἀπολώλασι, δύο δὲ καὶ τρεῖς ἄνθρωποι μόνοι τὴν τοσαύτην διέφυγον κόλασιν, ταύτῃ προσδοκῶν ἐμφράξαι ἡμῶν τὸ στόμα, ὡς οὐ τολμώντων καταδικάσαι τὸ πλῆθος. Ἀλλ' οὐ πεισόμεθα τοῦτο, οὐδὲ τῆς ἀληθείας τοὺς πολλοὺς προτιμήσομεν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ τῶν τότε συμβεβηκότων ἐλάττω τὰ νῦν, ἀλλὰ καὶ πολλῷ μιαρώτερα, ὅσῳ καὶ γέεννα τούτοις ἠπείληται, καὶ τὰ τῆς κακίας οὐδὲ οὕτως ἐκκόπτεται. Τίς γὰρ, εἰπέ μοι, μωρὸν οὐ καλεῖ τὸν ἀδελφόν; τοῦτο δὲ ὑπεύθυνον ποιεῖ τῷ τῆς γεέννης πυρί. Τίς οὐκ εἶδεν ἀκολάστοις ὀφθαλμοῖς εἰς γυναῖκα; καὶ τοῦτο δὲ μοιχεία ἀπηρτισμένη· τὸν δὲ μοιχὸν πάλιν εἰς τὴν αὐτὴν ἀνάγκη ἐμπίπτειν γέενναν. Τίς οὐκ ὤμοσε; τοῦτο δὲ ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ πάντως· τὸ δὲ ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ, καὶ αὐτὸ κολάσεως πάντως. Τίς οὐκ ἐβάσκηνε φίλῳ ποτέ; τοῦτο δὲ καὶ ἐθνικῶν καὶ τελωνῶν χείρους ποιεῖ· τοὺς δὲ ἐκείνων χείρους, ὅτι οὐκ ἔνι κόλασιν διαφυγεῖν, παντί που δῆλόν ἐστι. Τίς ἐκ καρδίας ἅπασαν μῆνιν ἐξήλασε, καὶ τὰ πάντων εἰς αὐτὸν πεπλημμεληκότων εἴασεν ἁμαρτήματα; τὸν δὲ οὐκ ἀφέντα, ὅτι τοῖς βασανιστηρίοις ἀνάγκη παραδοθῆναι, τῶν ἀκηκοότων τοῦ Χριστοῦ οὐδεὶς ἀντερεῖ. Τίς δὲ οὐκ ἐδούλευσε τῷ μαμωνᾷ; τὸν δὲ ἐκείνῳ δουλεύσαντα ἀνάγκη παραιτήσασθαι τοῦ Χριστοῦ τὴν δουλείαν· ἐκείνην δὲ ἀρνησάμενον, καὶ τὴν οἰκείαν ἀνάγκη σωτηρίαν ἀρνήσασθαι. Τίς οὐ κακηγόρησε λάθρα; τούτους δὲ καὶ ἡ Παλαιὰ ἀποκτίννυσθαι κελεύει, καὶ κατασφάττεσθαι. Ἀλλὰ τίς ἡ παραμυθία τῶν οἰκείων κακῶν; Τὸ πάντας ὥσπερ ἔκ τινος συνθήματος πρὸς τὸ τῆς κακίας ὀλισθῆσαι βάραθρον, ὃ καὶ αὐτὸ τῆς κατεχούσης νόσου τεκμήριόν ἐστι μέγιστον, ὅταν τοῦτο παραμυθίαν φέρῃ τῶν κακῶν ἡμῖν, ὃ μείζονος ὀδύνης ὑπόθεσιν εἶναι ἐχρῆν. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ τὸ πολλοὺς ἔχειν κοινωνοὺς τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ἀπαλλάττει τῶν ἐγκλημάτων ἡμᾶς, καὶ τῶν τιμωριῶν. Εἰ δέ τις ἐπὶ τοῖς εἰρημένοις ἀπέγνω, μικρὸν ἀναμεινάτω, καὶ τότε ἀπογνώσεται πλέον, ὅταν τὰ πολλῷ τούτων εἴπωμεν χαλεπώτερα, οἷον τὰς ἐπιορκίας. Εἰ γὰρ τὸ ὀμόσαι διαβολικὸν, τὸ καὶ τοὺς ὅρκους πατῆσαι ποίαν οἴσει τιμωρίαν ἡμῖν; Εἰ τὸ μωρὸν καλέσαι γέενναν ἐφέλκεται,