John Chrysostom, On Matthew

the tyranny being destroyed. Let us therefore arise, and let us not sleep; for behold, I see the gates opening for us; but let us enter with all good order and trembling, stepping at once upon the very entrance. And what is this entrance? The book of the generation of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham. What do you say? You promised to discourse about the only-begotten Son of God, and you mention David, a man who lived countless generations later, and you say that he is both father and ancestor? Hold on, and do not seek to learn everything all at once, but quietly and little by little. For you are still standing in the vestibule, right at the gatehouse; why then do you rush towards the inner sanctuary? You have not yet well surveyed all that is outside. For I am not yet relating to you that generation; or rather not even the one after that; for it is ineffable and unutterable. And before me the prophet Isaiah told you this; for, proclaiming His passion and His great care for the world, and being astonished at who He was, what He became, and where He descended, he cried out loudly and clearly, saying thus: Who shall declare His generation? 2. Therefore our discourse is not about that generation now, but about this lower one, which took place on earth, which has countless witnesses. And concerning this one, as we are able to speak, having received the grace of the Spirit, so we shall relate it. For not even this one is it possible to present with all clearness; since this too is most awesome. Therefore, do not think you are hearing small things, when you hear of this generation; but rouse your mind, and at once tremble, hearing that God came upon the earth. For so wondrous and paradoxical was this, that the angels formed a choir for this and offered up praise for the world on this account, and the prophets from of old were amazed at this, that He was seen upon the earth, and conversed with men. For it is exceedingly paradoxical to hear that God, the unutterable, and ineffable, and incomprehensible, and equal to the Father, came through a virgin's womb, and deigned to be born of a woman, and to have David and Abraham as ancestors. And why do I say David and Abraham? For what is indeed more awesome, those women whom we just mentioned. Hearing these things, arise, and suspect nothing base, but for this very reason marvel all the more, that being the Son of the unoriginate God, and the true Son, He endured to be called also Son of David, that He might make you a son of God; He endured a slave to become His father, that He might make the Master a Father to you, a slave. Do you see right from the prelude what kind of things the Gospels are? 57.26 But if you doubt about your own affairs, believe these things from His. For it is much more difficult, as far as human reasoning goes, for God to become man, than for a man to be called son of God. When therefore you hear that the Son of God is the son of David and of Abraham, do not doubt any longer that you also, the son of Adam, will be a son of God. For not in vain and for nothing did He so humble Himself, unless He was going to exalt us. For He was born according to the flesh, that you might be born according to the spirit; He was born of a woman, that you might cease to be a son of a woman. For this reason His birth was twofold, both resembling ours, and surpassing ours. For to be born of a woman was common to us; but to be not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, or of man, but of the Holy Spirit, proclaimed the generation that surpasses us and is to come, which He was to bestow on us from the Spirit. And all the other things were of this sort. For the baptism was also of this kind; for it had something of the old, and it had something of the new. For to be baptized by the prophet showed the old; but for the Spirit to descend, prefigured the new. And just as someone standing on a border between two separate things might stretch out both hands and take hold of each to join them; so also He did, joining the old with the new, the divine nature with the human, His own things with ours. Have you seen the lightning of the city, with how great a radiance it has illuminated you from the very prelude? how it at once showed you the King in

καταλυομένην τὴν τυραννίδα. ∆ιαναστῶμεν τοίνυν, καὶ μὴ καθεύδωμεν· ἰδοὺ γὰρ ὁρῶ τὰς πύλας ἡμῖν ἀνοιγομένας· ἀλλ' εἰσίωμεν μετὰ εὐταξίας ἁπάσης καὶ τρόμου, τῶν προθύρων αὐτῶν εὐθέως ἐπιβαίνοντες. Τίνα δέ ἐστι ταῦτα τὰ πρόθυρα; Βίβλος γενέσεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, υἱοῦ ∆αυῒδ, υἱοῦ Ἀβραάμ. Τί λέγεις; περὶ τοῦ μονογενοῦς Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ διαλέξεσθαι ἐπηγγείλω, καὶ τοῦ ∆αυῒδ μνημονεύεις, ἀνθρώπου μετὰ μυρίας γενεὰς γενομένου, καὶ αὐτὸν εἶναι φὴς καὶ πατέρα καὶ πρόγονον; Ἐπίσχες, καὶ μὴ πάντα ἀθρόως ζήτει μαθεῖν, ἀλλ' ἠρέμα καὶ κατὰ μικρόν. Ἐν γὰρ τοῖς προθύροις ἕστηκας ἔτι παρ' αὐτὰ τὰ προπύλαια· τί τοίνυν σπεύδεις πρὸς τὰ ἄδυτα; Οὔπω τὰ ἔξω καλῶς κατώπτευσας ἅπαντα. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐκείνην σοι τέως διηγοῦμαι τὴν γέννησιν· μᾶλλον δὲ οὐδὲ τὴν μετὰ ταῦτα· ἀνέκφραστος γὰρ καὶ ἀπόῤῥητος. Καὶ πρὸ ἐμοῦ σοι τοῦτο ὁ προφήτης εἶπεν Ἡσαΐας· ἀνακηρύττων γὰρ αὐτοῦ τὸ πάθος καὶ τὴν πολλὴν ὑπὲρ τῆς οἰκουμένης κηδεμονίαν, καὶ ἐκπληττόμενος τίς ὢν τί γέγονε, καὶ ποῦ κατέβη, ἀνεβόησε μέγα καὶ λαμπρὸν οὕτω λέγων· Τὴν γενεὰν αὐτοῦ τίς διηγήσεται; βʹ. Οὐ τοίνυν περὶ ἐκείνης ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος νῦν, ἀλλὰ περὶ ταύτης τῆς κάτω, τῆς ἐν τῇ γῇ γενομένης, τῆς μετὰ μυρίων μαρτύρων. Καὶ περὶ ταύτης δὲ, ὡς ἡμῖν δυνατὸν εἰπεῖν δεξαμένοις τὴν τοῦ Πνεύματος χάριν, οὕτω διηγησόμεθα. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ταύτην μετὰ σαφηνείας πάσης παραστῆσαι ἔνι· ἐπεὶ καὶ αὕτη φρικωδεστάτη. Μὴ τοίνυν μικρὰ νομίσῃς ἀκούειν, ταύτην ἀκούων τὴν γέννησιν· ἀλλ' ἀνάστησόν σου τὴν διάνοιαν, καὶ εὐθέως φρίξον, ἀκούσας ὅτι Θεὸς ἐπὶ γῆς ἦλθεν. Οὕτω γὰρ τοῦτο θαυμαστὸν καὶ παράδοξον ἦν, ὡς καὶ τοὺς ἀγγέλους χορὸν ὑπὲρ τούτων στήσαντας τὴν ὑπὲρ τῆς οἰκουμένης ἐπὶ τούτοις ἀναφέρειν εὐφημίαν, καὶ τοὺς προφήτας ἄνωθεν τοῦτο ἐκπλήττεσθαι, ὅτι Ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ὤφθη, καὶ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις συνανεστράφη. Καὶ γὰρ σφόδρα παράδοξον ἀκοῦσαι, ὅτι ὁ Θεὸς ὁ ἀπόῤῥητος, καὶ ἀνέκφραστος, καὶ ἀπερινόητος, καὶ τῷ Πατρὶ ἴσος, διὰ μήτρας ἦλθε παρθενικῆς, καὶ γενέσθαι ἐκ γυναικὸς κατεδέξατο, καὶ σχεῖν προγόνους τὸν ∆αυῒδ καὶ τὸν Ἀβραάμ. Καὶ τί λέγω τὸν ∆αυῒδ καὶ τὸν Ἀβραάμ, Τὸ γὰρ δὴ φρικωδέστερον, τὰς γυναῖκας ἐκείνας, ὧν ἀρτίως ἐμνήσθημεν. Ταῦτα ἀκούων, ἀνάστηθι, καὶ μηδὲν ταπεινὸν ὑποπτεύσῃς, ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ τοῦτο αὐτὸ μάλιστα θαύμασον, ὅτι Υἱὸς ὢν τοῦ ἀνάρχου Θεοῦ, καὶ γνήσιος Υἱὸς, ἠνέσχετο ἀκοῦσαι καὶ ∆αυῒδ υἱὸς, ἵνα σὲ ποιήσῃ υἱὸν Θεοῦ· ἠνέσχετο πατέρα αὐτῷ γενέσθαι δοῦλον, ἵνα σοὶ τῷ δούλῳ Πατέρα ποιήσῃ τὸν ∆εσπότην. Εἶδες ἐκ προοιμίων εὐθέως οἷα τὰ εὐαγγέλια; 57.26 Εἰ δὲ ἀμφιβάλλεις περὶ τῶν σῶν, ἀπὸ τῶν ἐκείνου καὶ ταῦτα πίστευε. Πολὺ γὰρ δυσκολώτερον, ὅσον εἰς ἀνθρώπινον λογισμὸν, Θεὸν ἄνθρωπον γενέσθαι, ἢ ἄνθρωπον υἱὸν Θεοῦ χρηματίσαι. Ὅταν οὖν ἀκούσῃς, ὅτι ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ υἱὸς τοῦ ∆αυΐδ ἐστι καὶ τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ, μὴ ἀμφίβαλλε λοιπὸν, ὅτι καὶ σὺ, ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀδὰμ, υἱὸς ἔσῃ τοῦ Θεοῦ. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἰκῆ καὶ μάτην τοσοῦτον ἑαυτὸν ἐταπείνωσεν, εἰ μὴ ἔμελλεν ἡμᾶς ἀνυψοῦν. Ἐγεννήθη γὰρ κατὰ σάρκα, ἵνα σὺ γεννηθῇς κατὰ πνεῦμα· ἐγεννήθη ἐκ γυναικὸς, ἵνα σὺ παύσῃ γυναικὸς ὢν υἱός. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο διπλῆ γέγονεν ἡ γέννησις, καὶ ἐοικυῖα ἡμῖν, καὶ ὑπερβαίνουσα τὴν ἡμετέραν. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἐκ γυναικὸς γεννηθῆναι ἡμῖν συνέβαινε· τὸ δὲ μὴ ἐξ αἵματος, μηδὲ ἐκ θελήματος σαρκὸς ἢ ἀνδρὸς, ἀλλ' ἐκ Πνεύματος ἁγίου, τὴν ὑπερβαίνουσαν ἡμᾶς καὶ τὴν μέλλουσαν προανεφώνει γέννησιν, ἣν ἡμῖν ἔμελλεν ἐκ Πνεύματος χαρίζεσθαι. Καὶ πάντα δὲ τὰ ἄλλα τοιαῦτα ἦν. Καὶ γὰρ τὸ λουτρὸν τοιοῦτον· εἶχε γάρ τι τοῦ παλαιοῦ, εἶχέ τι καὶ τοῦ καινοῦ. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ ὑπὸ τοῦ προφήτου βαπτισθῆναι, τὸ παλαιὸν ἐδείκνυ· τὸ δὲ Πνεῦμα κατελθεῖν, τὸ νέον ὑπέγραψε. Καὶ καθάπερ τις ἐν μεταιχμίῳ στὰς, δύο τινῶν ἀλλήλων διεστηκότων, ἀμφοτέρας ἁπλώσας τὰς χεῖρας ἑκατέρωθεν λαβὼν συνάψειεν· οὕτω καὶ αὐτὸς ἐποίησε, τὴν παλαιὰν τῇ καινῇ συνάπτων, τὴν θείαν φύσιν τῇ ἀνθρωπίνῃ, τὰ αὑτοῦ τοῖς ἡμετέροις. Εἶδες τὴν ἀστραπὴν τῆς πόλεως, ὅσῃ σε ἐκ προοιμίων κατηύγασε τῇ λαμπηδόνι; πῶς σοι τὸν Βασιλέα εὐθέως ἔδειξεν ἐν