such things, by which having been seen and heard, the sin of those who after such great and numerous things have not believed is proven to be heavier and more difficult. 3.1.18 Let us see also concerning "So then it is not of him who wills, nor of him who runs, but of God who shows mercy." For its critics say: if "it is not of him who wills nor of him who runs, but of God who shows mercy," being saved is not from what is in our power, but from a constitution that has come from the one who constituted them as such, or from the choice of him who shows mercy when he wishes. From them this must be asked: Is willing good things good or evil? And is running, wishing to attain the goal in hastening toward good things, praiseworthy or blameworthy? For if they say it is blameworthy, they will answer contrary to plain evidence, since the saints also will and run and clearly do nothing blameworthy in this; or if they say that it is good to will good things and to run toward good things, we will ask how a perishing nature wills better things. For it is as if a bad tree bears good fruit, if indeed it is good to will better things. And thirdly, they will say that to will good things and to run toward good things is among the intermediate things, and neither noble nor evil. But to this it must be said that if to will good things and to run toward good things is intermediate, its opposite is also intermediate, that is, to will evil things and to run toward evil things. But surely to will evil things and to run toward evil things is not intermediate; therefore, to will good things and to run toward good things is not intermediate. 3.1.19 Such a defense, then, I think we are able to provide against "So then it is not of him who wills, nor of him who runs, but of God who shows mercy." Solomon says in the book of Psalms (for his is the Song of Ascents, from which we shall quote the sayings): "Unless the Lord builds the house, they labor in vain who build it; unless the Lord guards the city, the watchman stays awake in vain," not turning us away from building nor teaching us not to stay awake to guard the city in our soul, but showing that things built apart from God and things not obtaining protection from him, are built in vain and are kept without effect, with God reasonably being designated Lord of the building, and the master of all, ruler of the city's guard. Just as, then, if we should say: this building is the work not of the builder but of God, and it is the achievement not of the one who guarded but of "the God over all" that this city has suffered nothing from enemies, we would not be wrong, it being understood that something was also done by man, but with the great deed being gratefully ascribed to God the "perfecter"; so also, since the human will is not sufficient to attain the goal, nor the running of those who are like athletes to lay hold of "the prize of the upward call of God in Christ Jesus" (for these things are accomplished with God's assistance), it is rightly said, "it is not of him who wills nor of him who runs, but of God who shows mercy." As if also in the case of agriculture, as it is written, it were said: "I planted, Apollos watered, but God gave the increase. So then neither he who plants is anything, nor he who waters, but God who gives the increase," and we would not piously say that the fruits becoming "full" is the work of the farmer or the work of the one who watered, but the work of God; so also our perfection does not happen with us doing nothing, yet it is not completed by us, but God effects the greater part of it. And so that what is said may be more clearly believed to be this, we will take the example from the art of navigation. For compared to the blowing of the winds and the fair temperature of the air and the brightness of the stars, all working together for the salvation of those on board, what part could the art of the pilot be said to have in the return to the harbor? Nor do the pilots themselves, out of piety, often dare to confess that they have saved the ship, but they ascribe the whole to God, not because they have done nothing, but because what comes from providence is exceedingly many times greater than what comes from their art. and in our
τοιαῦτα, ἐφ' οἷς ὁραθεῖσι καὶ ἀκουσθεῖσι βαρυτέρα καὶ χαλεπωτέρα ἡ ἁμαρτία ἐλέγχεται τῶν μετὰ τηλικαῦτα καὶ τοιαῦτα μὴ πεπιστευκότων. 3.1.18 Ἴδωμεν δὲ καὶ περὶ τοῦ «ἄρ' οὖν οὐ τοῦ θέλοντος οὐδὲ τοῦ τρέχοντος, ἀλλὰ τοῦ ἐλεοῦντος θεοῦ». οἱ γὰρ ἐπιλαμβανόμενοί φασιν· εἰ «μὴ τοῦ θέλοντος μηδὲ τοῦ τρέχοντος, ἀλλὰ τοῦ ἐλεοῦντος θεοῦ», οὐκ ἐκ τοῦ ἐφ' ἡμῖν τὸ σώζεσθαι, ἀλλ' ἐκ κατασκευῆς τῆς ἀπὸ τοῦ τοιούσδε κατασκευάσαντος γεγενημένης ἢ ἐκ προαιρέσεως τοῦ ὅτε βούλεται ἐλεοῦντος. παρ' ὧν τοῦτο πευστέον· τὸ θέλειν τὰ καλὰ καλόν ἐστιν ἢ φαῦλον; καὶ τὸ τρέχειν βουλόμενον τυχεῖν τοῦ τέλους ἐν τῷ σπεύδειν ἐπὶ τὰ καλὰ ἐπαινετόν ἐστιν ἢ ψεκτόν; εἴτε γὰρ ἐροῦσι ψεκτόν, παρὰ τὴν ἐνάργειαν ἀποκρινοῦνται, καὶ τῶν ἁγίων θελόντων καὶ τρεχόντων καὶ δηλονότι ἐν τούτῳ ψεκτὸν <οὐ> ποιούντων· εἴτε ἐροῦσιν ὅτι καλὸν τὸ θέλειν τὰ καλὰ καὶ τὸ τρέχειν ἐπὶ τὰ καλά, πευσόμεθα πῶς ἡ ἀπολλυμένη φύσις θέλει τὰ κρείττονα· οἱονεὶ γὰρ δένδρον πονηρὸν καρποὺς ἀγαθοὺς φέρει, εἴ γε καλὸν τὸ θέλειν τὰ κρείττονα. τρίτον δὲ ἐροῦσιν ὅτι τῶν μέσων ἐστὶ τὸ θέλειν τὰ καλὰ καὶ τὸ τρέχειν ἐπὶ τὰ καλά, καὶ οὔτε ἀστεῖον οὔτε φαῦλον. λεκτέον δὲ πρὸς τοῦτο ὅτι εἰ τὸ θέλειν τὰ καλὰ καὶ τὸ τρέχειν ἐπὶ τὰ καλὰ μέσον ἐστί, καὶ τὸ ἐναντίον αὐτῷ μέσον ἐστί, τουτέστι τὸ θέλειν τὰ κακὰ καὶ τὸ τρέχειν ἐπὶ τὰ κακά. οὐχὶ δέ γε μέσον ἐστὶ τὸ θέλειν τὰ κακὰ καὶ τρέχειν ἐπὶ τὰ κακά· οὐκ ἄρα μέσον τὸ θέλειν τὰ καλὰ καὶ τρέχειν ἐπὶ τὰ καλά. 3.1.19 Τοιαύτην τοίνυν ἀπολογίαν ἡγοῦμαι δύνασθαι ἡμᾶς πορί ζειν πρὸς τὸ «ἄρ' οὖν οὐ τοῦ θέλοντος οὐδὲ τοῦ τρέχοντος, ἀλλὰ τοῦ ἐλεοῦντος θεοῦ». φησὶν ἐν τῇ βίβλῳ τῶν ψαλμῶν ὁ Σολομῶν (αὐ τοῦ γάρ ἐστιν ἡ ᾠδὴ τῶν ἀναβαθμῶν, ἐξ ἧς παραθησόμεθα τὰ ῥητά)· «ἐὰν μὴ κύριος οἰκοδομήσῃ οἶκον, εἰς μάτην ἐκοπίασαν οἱ οἰκοδο μοῦντες αὐτόν· ἐὰν μὴ κύριος φυλάξῃ πόλιν, εἰς μάτην ἠγρύπνησεν ὁ φυλάσσων», οὐκ ἀποτρέπων ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ οἰκοδομεῖν οὐδὲ διδά σκων μὴ ἀγρυπνεῖν εἰς τὸ φρουρεῖν ἡμῶν τὴν ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ πόλιν, ἀλλὰ παριστὰς ὅτι τὰ χωρὶς θεοῦ οἰκοδομούμενα καὶ τὰ μὴ τυγχά νοντα τῆς ἀπὸ τούτου φυλακῆς, μάτην οἰκοδομεῖται καὶ ἀνηνύτως τηρεῖται, εὐλόγως ἂν ἐπιγραφησομένου κυρίου τῆς οἰκοδομῆς τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἄρχοντος τῆς φρουρᾶς τῆς πόλεως τοῦ τῶν ὅλων δεσπότου. ὥσπερ οὖν εἰ λέγοιμεν· οὐ τοῦ οἰκοδομοῦντος ἀλλὰ τοῦ θεοῦ ἔργον ἐστὶν τόδε τὸ οἰκοδόμημα, καὶ οὐ τοῦ φυλάξαντος κατόρθωμα ἀλλὰ «τοῦ ἐπὶ πάντων θεοῦ» τὸ μηδὲν πεπονθέναι ἀπὸ πολεμίων τήνδε τὴν πόλιν, οὐκ ἂν πταίοιμεν, ὑπακουομένου μὲν τοῦ καὶ κατὰ τὸν ἄν θρωπόν τι γεγονέναι, τοῦ δὲ ἀνδραγαθήματος εὐχαρίστως ἐπὶ τὸν «τελειωτὴν» θεὸν ἀναφερομένου· οὕτως ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἀρκεῖ τὸ ἀνθρώπινον θέλειν πρὸς τὸ τυχεῖν τοῦ τέλους, οὐδὲ τὸ τῶν οἱονεὶ ἀθλητῶν τρέ χειν πρὸς τὸ καταλαβεῖν «τὸ βραβεῖον τῆς ἄνω κλήσεως τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ» (θεοῦ γὰρ συμπαρισταμένου ταῦτα ἀνύεται), καλῶς λέγεται τὸ «οὐ τοῦ θέλοντος οὐδὲ τοῦ τρέχοντος, ἀλλὰ τοῦ ἐλεοῦν τος θεοῦ». ὡς εἰ καὶ ἐπὶ γεωργίας, ὅπερ καὶ γέγραπται, ἐλέγετο· «ἐγὼ ἐφύτευσα, Ἀπολλὼς ἐπότισεν, ὁ δὲ θεὸς ηὔξησεν· ὥστε οὔτε ὁ φυτεύων ἐστί τι οὔτε ὁ ποτίζων, ἀλλ' ὁ αὐξάνων θεός», καὶ τὸ τοὺς καρποὺς «πλήρεις» γεγονέναι οὐκ ἂν εὐσεβῶς λέγοιμεν ἔργον εἶναι τοῦ γεωργοῦ ἢ ἔργον τοῦ ποτίσαντος, ἀλλ' ἔργον τοῦ θεοῦ· οὕτω καὶ ἡ ἡμετέρα τελείωσις οὐχὶ μηδὲν ἡμῶν πραξάντων γίνεται, οὐ μὴν ἀφ' ἡμῶν ἀπαρτίζεται, ἀλλὰ θεὸς τὸ πολὺ ταύτης ἐνεργεῖ. καὶ ἵνα ἐναργέστερον πιστευθῇ τοῦτο εἶναι τὸ λεγόμενον, ἀπὸ τῆς κυβερ νητικῆς τὸ παράδειγμα ληψόμεθα. πρὸς γὰρ τὴν τῶν ἀνέμων πνοὴν καὶ τὴν τῶν ἀέρων εὐκρασίαν καὶ τὴν τῶν ἀστέρων λαμπρότητα, συνεργούντων τῇ τῶν ἐμπλεόντων σωτηρίᾳ, πόστον ἂν ἀριθμὸν ἔχειν λέγοιτο τῆς ἐπὶ τὸν λιμένα ἀποκαταστάσεως ἡ κυβερνητικὴ τέχνη; οὐδὲ αὐτῶν τῶν κυβερνητῶν δι' εὐλάβειαν πολλάκις τολμώντων ὁμολογεῖν τὸ σεσωκέναι τὴν ναῦν, ἀλλὰ τῷ θεῷ τὸ πᾶν ἀναφερόν των, οὐ τῷ μηδὲν αὐτοὺς ἐνηργηκέναι, ἀλλὰ τῷ εἰς ὑπερβολὴν πολλα πλάσιον εἶναι τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς προνοίας τοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς τέχνης. καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς ἡμετέρας