of grace, but they fasted according to the old custom. It was therefore unfitting and inappropriate for those appointed as lawgivers and heralds of the new commonwealth to fast their fasts. But they fast an appropriate and suitable fast. Therefore he says: but they put new wine into new wineskins, and both are preserved, receiving what is fitting and suitable. But to put new wine into old wineskins or old into new is not to give what is appropriate and congruous, but what is contrary and foreign. 39 Mt 9, 17 He calls old wineskins those who lie in the old law, and new wine the grace of Christ given to us later or the new covenant. 40 Mt 10, 32 33 Then by saying that I too will confess in him, he shows that being proclaimed in the kingdom of heaven is not of grace alone, but also of the will and zeal of the one receiving the grace; for he says, I will confess in him: in his practice, in his good works, in his boldness, which he displayed and spoke boldly for my sake before his persecutors; for just as without grace, choice alone can accomplish nothing, so unless we ourselves choose, grace does not help. 41 Mt 10, 33 But why is God not content with faith in the mind, but also demands confession with the mouth? Both because faith in the mind no longer remains perfect and firm when it is insulted by the tongue, and because it harms the hearers more than if he had denied in his mind; for in that case the fall was hidden; but he who denies with the tongue, by setting his transgression forth in the midst of all, has caused a common scandal and, by coming to this point, has condemned the weakness of his faith and falsehood. 42 Mt 10, 38 Whoever does not bear his cross; whoever is not so ready for death for my sake, as to seem to always carry it with him and so follow me, is not worthy of me, but one must always bear and carry with oneself death for Christ and for faith in him, as a personal possession and achievement; for he says his cross, meaning through the cross death, and not just any death, but a violent and shameful one; and through the word "his," it is clear that considering it their own and being lovingly disposed towards it, they must bear and carry it around, as I said, being ready for it, when it is brought on by those who persecute you; for those so disposed towards death will have nothing left of the hardships in life to cut off their faith and sincere disposition toward the Lord. And if the command seems heavy, one must also consider what a prize it is to become worthy of Christ. Who could become worthy of Christ? For this one is truly thrice-blessed, such as his disciples and his martyrs. 43 Mt 10, 38 Whoever does not bear my cross, he says, is not worthy of me; that is, whoever does not always have death for my sake in his soul and constantly meditates on it, is not worthy of me. 44 Mt 11, 7 10 Since it was likely that some of the crowd would be scandalized by the question which John's disciples brought, he resolves their scandal not from another source, but by using those very people as witnesses. You, he says, know what John testified concerning me, and you by deed showed what a wonderful man he is by going out to him in the desert of the Jordan to be baptized by him. Since, therefore, you know what he testifies and you have testified to his trustworthiness by your deed, do not think that he has now changed and that he suspects or says other things about me instead of those things; for as a rule those who change from virtue to vice and from truth to falsehood are changed either by fickleness of mind or by a desire for glory and money, but you suspected no such thing of John; for you would not have gone out into the desert to see a fickle and changeable man and, like a reed, tossed about by every wind, [you would not have gone out,] nor a vainglorious or money-loving one; for such men do not [seek] the deserts,
χάριτος, ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὸ παλαιὸν ἔθος ἐνήστευον. ἀνάρμοστον οὖν ἦν καὶ ἀνοίκειον τὰς ἐκείνων νηστείας νηστεύειν τοὺς τῆς καινῆς πολιτείας νομοθέτας καθισταμένους καὶ κήρυκας. νηστεύουσι δὲ νηστείαν οἰκείαν καὶ πρόσφορον. διό φησιν· ἀλλὰ βάλλουσιν οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς καινούς, καὶ ἀμφότεροι συντηροῦνται τὸ εὐάρμοστον καὶ κατάλληλον ἀπολαμβάνοντες. οἶνον δὲ νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς βάλλειν παλαιοὺς ἢ παλαιὸν εἰς νέους οὐκ ἔστιν τὸ οἰκεῖον καὶ ὁμόστοιχον, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἐναντίον καὶ ἀλλότριον ἀποδιδόναι. 39 Mt 9, 17 Ἀσκοὺς παλαιοὺς τοὺς ἐν τῷ παλαιῷ νόμῳ κειμένους λέγει, οἶνον δὲ νέον τὴν τοῦ Χριστοῦ χάριν τὴν δοθεῖσαν ἡμῖν ὕστερον ἢ τὴν νέαν διαθήκην. 40 Mt 10, 32 33 Εἶτα εἰπὼν ὅτι ὁμολογήσω κἀγὼ ἐν αὐτῷ δείκνυσιν, ὅτι οὐ τῆς χάριτός ἐστι γυμνῆς τὸ ἀναγορευθῆναι ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τῶν οὐρανῶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς γνώμης καὶ τῆς σπουδῆς καὶ τοῦ τὴν χάριν ὑποδεχομένου· ἐν αὐτῷ γάρ φησιν ὁμολογήσω· ἐν τῇ πράξει αὐτοῦ, ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις αὐτοῦ τοῖς καλοῖς, ἐν τῇ παρρησίᾳ αὐτοῦ, ἣν ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ πρὸς τοὺς διώκοντας ἐπεδείξατο καὶ ἐπαρρησιάσατο· καὶ γὰρ ὥσπερ χωρὶς τῆς χάριτος οὐδὲν δύναται κατορθῶσαι μόνη ἡ προαίρεσις, οὕτως ἂν μὴ καὶ αὐτοὶ προαιρώμεθα οὐδ' ἡ χάρις συναντιλαμβάνεται. 41 Mt 10, 33 ∆ιὰ τί δὲ οὐκ ἀρκεῖται ὁ θεὸς τῇ κατὰ διάνοιαν πίστει, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν διὰ τοῦ στόματος ὁμολογίαν ἀπαιτεῖ; καὶ ὅτι οὐδὲ ἡ κατὰ διάνοιαν πίστις ἔτι διαμένει τελεία καὶ βεβαία διὰ τῆς γλώσσης ἐνυβριζομένη, καὶ ὅτι τοὺς ἀκούοντας μᾶλλον βλάπτει ἢ εἰ κατὰ διάνοιαν ἐξηρνήσατο· τῆς μὲν γὰρ ἦν ἐν ἀδήλῳ τὸ πτῶμα· ὁ δὲ διὰ γλώσσης ἐξαρνησάμενος εἰς μέσον ἅπασιν τὸ παράπτωμα προθεὶς κοινὸν τὸ σκάνδαλον κατειργάσατο καὶ τότε εἰς αὐτὸ ἥκων ἀσθένειαν τῆς πίστεως καὶ ψεῦδος κατεψηφίσατο. 42 Mt 10, 38 Ὅστις οὐ βαστάζει τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ· ὅστις οὐκ ἔστιν οὕτως ἕτοιμος εἰς τὸν ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ θάνατον, ὥστε δοκεῖν αὐτὸν ἀεὶ μεθ' ἑαυτοῦ φέρειν καὶ οὕτως ἕπεσθαί μοι, οὐκ ἔστιν μου ἄξιος, ἀλλὰ δεῖ βαστάζειν καὶ περιφέρειν μεθ' ἑαυτοῦ ἀεὶ ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ καὶ τῆς εἰς αὐτὸν πίστεως τὸν θάνατον, ὡς οἰκεῖον κτῆμα καὶ κατόρθωμα· καὶ γάρ φησιν τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ, διὰ μὲν τοῦ σταυροῦ τὸν θάνατον καὶ τοῦτον οὐχ ἁπλῶς, ἀλλὰ τὸν βίαιον καὶ ἐπονείδιστον· διὰ δὲ τοῦ αὐτοῦ, δηλονότι οἰκεῖον λογιζομένους καὶ ἀγαπητῶς πρὸς αὐτὸν διακειμένους δεῖ βαστάζειν καὶ περιάγειν αὐτὸν οἷον ὡς ἔφην ἑτοίμους εἶναι πρὸς αὐτόν, ὅταν ἐπάγηται παρὰ τῶν διωκόντων ὑμᾶς· οἱ γὰρ οὕτως διατεθέντες πρὸς τὸν θάνατον οὐδὲν λοιπὸν τῶν ἐν βίῳ δυσχερῶν ἕξουσι περικόπτον αὐτῶν τὴν περὶ τὸν δεσπότην πίστιν καὶ διάθεσιν εἰλικρινῆ. εἰ δὲ τὸ ἐπίταγμα δοκεῖ βαρύ, ἀλλὰ σκοπεῖν χρὴ καὶ τὸ ἔπαθλον ὁποῖον τὸ γενέσθαι ἄξιον Χριστοῦ. τίς ἂν γένοιτο Χριστοῦ ἄξιος; οὗτος γὰρ ὡς ἀληθῶς ὁ τρισμακάριστος ὁποῖοι οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ οἱ μάρτυρες. 43 Mt 10, 38 Ὅστις οὐ βαστάζει τὸν σταυρόν μου, φησίν, οὐκ ἔστιν μου ἄξιος· τοῦτ' ἔστιν ὅστις τὸν ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ θάνατον οὐκ ἀεὶ ἔχει ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ καὶ διηνεκῶς τοῦτον μελετᾷ, οὐκ ἔστιν μου ἄξιος. 44 Mt 11, 7 10 Ἐπειδή τινας ἦν εἰκὸς τῶν ἐκ τοῦ πλήθους σκανδαλισθῆναι ἐπὶ τῇ ἐρωτήσει, ἣν προσήνεγκαν οἱ τοῦ Ἰωάννου μαθηταί, οὐκ ἄλλοθεν αὐτῶν τὸ σκάνδαλον, ἀλλ' αὐτοῖς ἐκείνοις χρώμενος μάρτυσιν διαλύει. ὑμεῖς, φησίν, ἐπίστασθε, ἃ ἐμαρτύρει ὁ Ἰωάννης περὶ ἐμοῦ, καὶ ὑμεῖς τὸν ἄνδρα οἷός ἐστι θαυμαστὸς ἔργῳ ἐδείξατε ἐξελθόντες πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ τοῦ Ἰορδάνου βαπτισθῆναι ὑπ' αὐτοῦ. ἐπεὶ οὖν ἅ τε μαρτυρεῖ οἴδατε καὶ τὸ ἀξιόπιστον αὐτοῦ ἔργῳ ὑμεῖς ἐμαρτυρήσατε, μὴ νομίσητε νυνὶ μεταβεβλῆσθαι αὐτὸν καὶ ἄλλα ἀντ' ἐκείνων περὶ ἐμοῦ αὐτὸν ὑπονοεῖν ἢ λέγειν· ὡς γὰρ ἐπίπαν οἱ ἐξ ἀρετῆς ἐπὶ κακίαν καὶ ἐξ ἀληθείας εἰς ψεῦδος μεταβαλλόμενοι ἢ κουφότητι διανοίας ἢ δόξης καὶ χρημάτων ἐπιθυμίᾳ μεταβάλλονται, ἀλλὰ τὸν Ἰωάννην ὑμεῖς οὐδὲν τοιοῦτο ὑπενοήσατε· οὐ γὰρ ἂν εἰς τὴν ἔρημον ἐξήλθετε, ἵνα κοῦφον ἄνθρωπον καὶ εὐμετάβολον καὶ ὥσπερ κάλαμον παντὶ ἀνέμῳ περιφερόμενον, [οὐκ ἂν ἐξήλθετε,] ἵνα ἴδητε, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ κενόδοξον ἢ φιλοχρήματον· οἱ γὰρ τοιοῦτοι οὐ τὰς ἐρήμους,