in the air about us, and they are not far from us; and there is a great difference among them. And concerning their nature and their difference would be a long discourse, and such a narrative is for others greater than us; but for now what is urgent and necessary for us, is only to know their crafty wiles against us. First, therefore, let us know this, that the demons have not been created as what they are called, demons; for God made nothing evil; but they too were made good, but having fallen from the heavenly wisdom, and henceforth wallowing about the earth, they deceived the Greeks with their apparitions, and envying us Christians, they move everything, wishing to hinder us from our ascent to heaven; so that we might not ascend to where they fell from. For which reason there is need of much prayer and ascetic practice; so that someone, having received through the Spirit the gift of discernment of spirits, might be able to know the things concerning them; both which of them are less wicked, and which of them are more wicked, and toward what practice each of them directs his energy, and how each of them is overthrown and cast out. For many are their crafty wiles, and the movements of their plotting. Therefore the blessed Apostle and those with him knew such things, saying; For we are not ignorant of his devices; but we, from the things we have suffered from them, ought to correct one another concerning them. At least I, having some experience of them, speak as to children. These, therefore, if they see all Chris 26.877 tians, and especially monks, being industrious and making progress, first they attempt and tempt, placing scandals in their path; and their scandals are evil thoughts. But we must not fear their suggestions; for by prayers and fastings and faith in the Lord they fall immediately. But even when they have fallen they do not cease, but again approach craftily and deceitfully. For when they are not able to deceive the heart by open and filthy pleasure, they attack again in another way; and henceforth they pretend to frighten by shaping fantasies, transforming themselves and imitating women, wild beasts, reptiles, and great bodies, and a multitude of soldiers. But not even so must one fear their apparitions; for they are nothing, but also quickly disappear; especially if one fortifies himself with faith and the sign of the cross. And they are daring and very shameless. For if they are defeated even so, they attack again in another way. And they pretend to prophesy, and to foretell things to come in the days after, and to show themselves as tall, reaching to the roof, and broad in size; so that those whom they were not able to deceive with thoughts, they might snatch away at least with such apparitions. And if even so they find the soul secured by faith, and by the hope of the mind, then they bring on their ruler. And he said that they often appeared as such, just as the Lord revealed the devil to Job, saying: His eyes are as the appearance of the morning star. Out of his mouth go burning lamps, and braziers of fire are scattered; out of his nostrils proceeds smoke of a furnace burning with a fire of coals. His soul is as coals; and a flame goes out of his mouth. And appearing as such, the ruler of the demons frightens, as I said before, the crafty one speaking great things, as again the Lord rebuked him, saying to Job: 26.880 For he regards iron as straw, and bronze as rotten wood; and he regards the sea as a pot of ointment, and the Tartarus of the abyss as a captive; he has considered the abyss as a promenade; and through the prophet: The said
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ἐν τῷ καθ' ἡμᾶς ἀέρι, καὶ μακρὰν οὐκ εἰσὶν ἀφ' ἡμῶν· πολλὴ δέ τίς ἐστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς ἡ διαφορά. Καὶ περὶ μὲν τῆς φύσεως αὐτῶν καὶ τῆς διαφορᾶς πολὺς ἂν εἴη λόγος, καὶ ἄλλων μει ζόνων ἢ καθ' ἡμᾶς ἐστι τὸ τοιοῦτον διήγημα· τὸ δὲ νῦν κατεπεῖγον καὶ ἀναγκαῖον ἡμῖν, γνῶναί ἐστι μό νον τὰς καθ' ἡμῶν αὐτῶν πανουργίας Πρῶτον τοίνυν τοῦτο γινώσκωμεν, ὅτι οἱ δαίμονες οὐ καθ' ὃ δαίμονες καλοῦνται, οὕτω γεγό νασιν· οὐδὲν γὰρ κακὸν ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεός· ἀλλὰ καλοὶ μὲν γεγόνασι καὶ αὐτοὶ, ἐκπεσόντες δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς οὐ ρανίου φρονήσεως, καὶ λοιπὸν περὶ τὴν γῆν καλιν δούμενοι, τοὺς μὲν Ἕλληνας ἠπάτησαν ταῖς φαντα σίαις, ἡμῖν δὲ τοῖς Χριστιανοῖς φθονοῦντες, πάντα κινοῦσι, θέλοντες ἐμποδίζειν ἡμᾶς τῆς εἰς οὐρανοὺς ἀνόδου· ἵνα μὴ ὅθεν ἐξέπεσον αὐτοὶ ἀνέλθωμεν ἡμεῖς. ∆ι' ὃ καὶ πολλῆς εὐχῆς, καὶ ἀσκήσεώς ἐστι χρεία· ἵνα τις, λαβὼν διὰ τοῦ Πνεύματος χάρισμα διακρί σεως πνευμάτων, γνῶναι δυνηθῇ τὰ κατ' αὐτούς· καὶ τίνες μὲν αὐτῶν εἰσιν ἔλαττον φαῦλοι, τίνες δὲ ἐκείνων φαυλότεροι, καὶ περὶ ποῖον ἐπιτήδευμα ἕκαστος αὐτῶν ἔχει τὴν σπουδὴν, καὶ πῶς ἕκαστος αὐτῶν ἀνατρέπεται καὶ ἐκβάλλεται. Πολλὰ γὰρ αὐ τῶν ἐστι τὰ πανουργεύματα, καὶ τὰ τῆς ἐπιβουλῆς κινήματα. Ὁ μὲν οὖν μακάριος Ἀπόστολος καὶ οἱ κατ' αὐτὸν ᾔδεισαν τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες· Οὐ γὰρ αὐ τοῦ τὰ νοήματα ἀγνοοῦμεν· ἡμεῖς δὲ ἀφ' ὧν ἐπει ράθημεν παρ' αὐτῶν, ὀφείλομεν ἀλλήλους ὑπ' αὐτῶν διορθοῦσθαι. Ἐγὼ γοῦν, ἐκ μέρους πεῖραν αὐτῶν ἔχων, ὡς τέκνοις λέγω. Οὗτοι μὲν οὖν, ἐὰν ἴδωσι καὶ πάντας μὲν Χρι 26.877 στιανοὺς, μάλιστα δὲ μοναχοὺς, φιλοπονοῦντας καὶ προκόπτοντας, πρῶτον μὲν ἐπιχειροῦσι καὶ πειρά ζουσιν, ἐχόμενα τρίβου τιθέντες σκάνδαλα· σκάνδαλα δὲ αὐτῶν εἰσιν οἱ πονηροὶ λογισμοί. Οὐ δεῖ δὲ ἡμᾶς φοβεῖσθαι τὰς ὑποβολὰς αὐτῶν· εὐχαῖς γὰρ καὶ νηστείαις καὶ τῇ εἰς τὸν Κύριον πίστει πίπτουσιν εὐθὺς ἐκεῖνοι. Ἀλλὰ καὶ πεσόντες οὐ παύονται, αὖ θις δὲ πάλιν προσέρχονται πανούργως καὶ δολίως. Ἐπειδὰν γὰρ ἐκ φανεροῦ καὶ ῥυπαρᾶς ἡδονῆς μὴ δυνηθῶσιν ἀπατῆσαι τὴν καρδίαν, ἄλλως πάλιν ἐπιβαίνουσι· καὶ λοιπὸν φαντασίας ἀναπλάττοντες ἐκφοβεῖν προσποιοῦνται, μετασχηματιζόμενοι, καὶ μιμούμενοι γυναῖκας, θηρία, ἑρπετὰ, καὶ μεγέθη σωμάτων, καὶ πλῆθος στρατιωτῶν. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲ οὕτως δεῖ τὰς τούτων φαντασίας δειλιᾷν· οὐδὲν γάρ εἰσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ταχέως ἀφανίζονται· ἐὰν μάλιστα τῇ πίστει καὶ τῷ σημείῳ τοῦ σταυροῦ ἑαυτόν τις περι φράττῃ. Τολμηροὶ δέ εἰσι καὶ λίαν ἀναιδεῖς. Ἐὰν γὰρ καὶ οὕτως ἡττηθῶσιν, ἄλλῳ τρόπῳ πάλιν ἐπι βαίνουσι. Καὶ προσποιοῦνται μαντεύεσθαι, καὶ προ λέγειν τὰ μεθ' ἡμέρας ἐρχόμενα, δεικνύειν τε ἑαυ τοὺς ὑψηλοὺς ἄχρι τῆς στέγης φθάνοντας, καὶ πλατεῖς τῷ μεγέθει· ἵνα οὓς οὐκ ἠδυνήθησαν ἀπατῆσαι τοῖς λογισμοῖς, κἂν ταῖς τοιαύταις φαντασίαις ὑφαρπά σωσιν. Ἐὰν δὲ καὶ οὕτως εὕρωσι τὴν ψυχὴν ἠσφαλισμένην τῇ πίστει, καὶ τῇ ἐλπίδι τῆς διανοίας, λοιπὸν ἐπάγονται τὸν ἄρχοντα ἑαυτῶν Καὶ φαίνεσθαι αὐτοὺς πολλάκις ἔλεγε τοιού τους, οἷον τὸν διάβολον τῷ Ἰὼβ ὁ Κύριος ἀπεκάλυψε, λέγων· Οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτοῦ ὡς εἶδος ἑωσφόρου. Ἐκ στόματος αὐτοῦ ἐκπορεύονται λαμπάδες και όμεναι, καὶ διαῤῥιπτοῦνται ἐσχάραι πυρός· ἐκ μυκτήρων αὐτοῦ ἐκπορεύεται καπνὸς καμίνου καιομένης πυρὶ ἀνθράκων. Ἡ ψυχὴ αὐτοῦ ἄν θρακες· φλὸξ δὲ ἐκ στόματος αὐτοῦ ἐκπορεύε ται. Τοιοῦτος δὲ φαινόμενος ὁ τῶν δαιμονίων ἄρχων, ἐκφοβεῖ, καθὰ προεῖπον, μεγάλα λαλῶν ὁ πανοῦργος, ὡς πάλιν ἐξήλεγξεν αὐτὸν ὁ Κύριος, τῷ μὲν Ἰὼβ 26.880 λέγων· Ἥγηται μὲν γὰρ σίδηρον ἄχυρα, χαλκὸν δὲ ὥσπερ ξύλον σαθρόν· ἥγηται δὲ θάλασσαν ὥσπερ ἐξάλειπτρον, τὸν δὲ τάρταρον τῆς ἀβύσ σου ὥσπερ αἰχμάλωτον· ἐλογίσατο ἄβυσσον ὡς περίπατον· διὰ δὲ τοῦ προφήτου· Εἶπεν ὁ
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