they have fabricated certain saviors, the Dioscuri and Heracles, averter of evil, and Asclepius the physician. 2.27.1 These are the slippery and harmful deviations from the truth, dragging man down from heaven and turning him over into an abyss. But I wish to show you at close quarters the gods themselves, what sort they are and if they are at all, so that you may at last cease from your error, and run back again to 2.27.2 heaven. "For we also were once children of wrath, even as the rest; but God, being rich in mercy, for his great love with which he loved us, when we were already dead in our trespasses, made us alive together with Christ." "For the Word is living," and being buried with Christ is exalted together with God. But those who are still unbelieving are named "children of wrath," being nurtured by wrath; but we are no longer the nurslings of wrath, having been torn away from 2.27.3 error, and rushing to the truth. In this way, we who were once sons of lawlessness, through the love of man of the Word have now become sons of God; and for you your own poet, Empedocles of Acragas, also sings: therefore, wandering in grievous evils, you will never ease your soul from wretched woes. 2.27.4 The greatest part of what is said about your gods is myth and fabrication; and as much as is supposed to have happened, this has been recorded about shameful men who lived licentiously; but you walk in pride and madness, and having left the straight, right path, you have gone away on the one through thorns and stakes. Why do you wander, mortals? Cease, you foolish ones, leave behind the darkness of night, and take hold of the light. 2.27.5 These things the prophetic and poetic Sibyl enjoins upon us; and the truth also enjoins, stripping the crowd of gods of these terrifying and startling masks, refuting their glorifications by means of certain synonymies. 2.28.1 For instance, there are some who record three Zeuses: one, of Aether, in Arcadia; and the other two, sons of Cronus; of these, one in Crete, and the other in Arcadia 2.28.2 again. And there are some who suppose five Athenas: one of Hephaestus, the Athenian; another of Nilus, the Egyptian; a third of Cronus, the inventor of war; a fourth of Zeus, whom the Messenians have nicknamed Coryphasia from her mother; last of all, the one of Pallas and Titanis, daughter of Oceanus, who impiously slaughtered her father and is adorned with her paternal 2.28.3 skin like a fleece. Moreover, Aristotle says the first Apollo was of Hephaestus and Athena (here, indeed, Athena is no longer a virgin), a second in Crete, son of Cyrbas, a third, son of Zeus, and a fourth, the Arcadian, son of Silenus; this one is called Nomius among the Arcadians; in addition to these he lists the Libyan, son of Ammon; and Didymus the grammarian 2.28.4 adds to these a sixth, son of Magnes. And how many Apollos are there even now, innumerable mortal and perishable men, who are named in a similar way to those previously mentioned? 2.29.1 And what if I were to tell you of the many Asclepiuses, or the numbered Hermeses, or the fabled Hephaestuses? Shall I not seem to be superfluous, flooding your ears with these many names? But their native lands and their skills and their lives, and in addition, 2.29.2 even their tombs, prove them to have been men. Ares, for example, who is honoured as much as possible by the poets, Ares, Ares, bane of mortals, blood-stained, stormer of walls, this "fickle" and "hostile" one, as Epicharmus says, was a Spartan; but Sophocles knows him as a 2.29.3 Thracian; and others, an Arcadian. And Homer says this one was bound for thirteen months: Ares endured it, when Otus and mighty Ephialtes, sons of Aloeus, bound him in a strong chain; and he was bound in a bronze jar for thirteen months. 2.29.4 May the Carians have many good things, who sacrifice dogs to him. And the Scythians who sacrifice asses, let them not cease, as
ἀνέπλασάν τινας σωτῆρας ∆ιοσκούρους καὶ Ἡρακλέα ἀλεξίκακον καὶ Ἀσκληπιὸνἰατρόν. 2.27.1 Αὗται μὲν αἱ ὀλισθηραί τε καὶ ἐπιβλαβεῖς παρεκ βάσεις τῆς ἀληθείας, καθέλκουσαι οὐρανόθεν τὸν ἄνθρωπον καὶ εἰς βάραθρον περιτρέπουσαι. Ἐθέλω δὲ ὑμῖν ἐν χρῷ τοὺς θεοὺς αὐτοὺς ἐπιδεῖξαι ὁποῖοί τινες καὶ εἴ τινες, ἵν' ἤδη ποτὲ τῆς πλάνης λήξητε, αὖθις δὲ παλινδρομήσητε εἰς 2.27.2 οὐρανόν. "Ἦμεν γάρ που καὶ ἡμεῖς τέκνα ὀργῆς, ὡς καὶ οἱ λοιποί· ὁ δὲ θεὸς πλούσιος ὢν ἐν ἐλέει, διὰ τὴν πολλὴν ἀγάπην αὐτοῦ, ἣν ἠγάπησεν ἡμᾶς, ὄντας ἤδη νεκροὺς τοῖς παραπτώμασιν συνεζωοποίησεν τῷ Χριστῷ." "Ζῶν γὰρ ὁ λόγος" καὶ συνταφεὶς Χριστῷ συνυψοῦται θεῷ. Οἱ δὲ ἔτι ἄπιστοι "τέκνα ὀργῆς" ὀνομάζονται, τρεφόμενα ὀργῇ· ἡμεῖς δὲ οὐκ ὀργῆς θρέμματα ἔτι, οἱ τῆς πλάνης ἀπεσπασ 2.27.3 μένοι, ᾄσσοντες δὲ ἐπὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν. Ταύτῃ τοι ἡμεῖς οἱ τῆς ἀνομίας υἱοί ποτε διὰ τὴν φιλανθρωπίαν τοῦ λόγου νῦν υἱοὶ γεγόναμεν τοῦ θεοῦ· ὑμῖν δὲ καὶ ὁ ὑμέτερος ὑποδύεται ποιητὴς ὁ Ἀκραγαντῖνος Ἐμπεδοκλῆς· τοιγάρτοι χαλεπῇσιν ἀλύοντες κακότησιν οὔ ποτε δειλαίων ἀχέων λωφήσετε θυμόν. 2.27.4 Τὰ μὲν δὴ πλεῖστα μεμύθευται καὶ πέπλασται περὶ θεῶν ὑμῖν· τὰ δὲ καὶ ὅσα γεγενῆσθαι ὑπείληπται, ταῦτα δὲ περὶ ἀνθρώπων αἰσχρῶν καὶ ἀσελγῶς βεβιωκότων ἀναγέγραπται· τύφῳ καὶ μανίῃ δὲ βαδίζετε καὶ τρίβον ὀρθὴν εὐθεῖαν προλιπόντες ἀπήλθετε τὴν δι' ἀκανθῶν καὶ σκολόπων. Τί πλανᾶσθε, βροτοί; παύσασθε, μάταιοι, καλλίπετε σκοτίην νυκτός, φωτὸς δὲ λάβεσθε. 2.27.5 Ταῦτα ἡμῖν ἡ προφητικὴ παρεγγυᾷ καὶ ποιητικὴ Σίβυλλα· παρεγγυᾷ δὲ καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια, γυμνοῦσα τῶν καταπληκτικῶν τουτωνὶ καὶ ἐκπληκτικῶν προσωπείων τὸν ὄχλον τῶν θεῶν, συνωνυμίαις τισὶ τὰς δοξοποιίας διελέγχουσα. 2.28.1 Αὐτίκα γοῦν εἰσὶν οἳ τρεῖς τοὺς Ζῆνας ἀναγράφουσιν, τὸν μὲν Αἰθέρος ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ, τὼ δὲ λοιπὼ τοῦ Κρόνου παῖδε, τούτοιν τὸν μὲν ἐν Κρήτῃ, θάτερον δὲ ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ 2.28.2 πάλιν. Εἰσὶ δὲ οἳ πέντε Ἀθηνᾶς ὑποτίθενται, τὴν μὲν Ἡφαίστου, τὴν Ἀθηναίαν· τὴν δὲ Νείλου, τὴν Αἰγυπτίαν· τρίτην τοῦ Κρόνου, τὴν πολέμου εὑρέτιν· τετάρτην τὴν ∆ιός, ἣν Μεσσήνιοι Κορυφασίαν ἀπὸ τῆς μητρὸς ἐπικεκλή κασιν· ἐπὶ πᾶσι τὴν Πάλλαντος καὶ Τιτανίδος τῆς Ὠκεανοῦ, ἣ τὸν πατέρα δυσσεβῶς καταθύσασα τῷ πατρῴῳ κεκόσμηται 2.28.3 δέρματι ὥσπερ κῳδίῳ. Ναὶ μὴν Ἀπόλλωνα ὁ μὲν Ἀριστοτέλης πρῶτον Ἡφαίστου καὶ Ἀθηνᾶς (ἐνταῦθα δὴ οὐκέτι παρθένος ἡ Ἀθηνᾶ), δεύτερον ἐν Κρήτῃ τὸν Κύρβαντος, τρίτον τὸν ∆ιὸς καὶ τέταρτον τὸν Ἀρκάδα τὸν Σιληνοῦ· Νόμιος οὗτος κέκληται παρὰ Ἀρκάσιν· ἐπὶ τούτοις τὸν Λίβυν καταλέγει τὸν Ἄμμωνος· ὁ δὲ ∆ίδυμος ὁ γραμμα 2.28.4 τικὸς τούτοις ἕκτον ἐπιφέρει τὸν Μάγνητος. Πόσοι δὲ καὶ νῦν Ἀπόλλωνες, ἀναρίθμητοι θνητοὶ καὶ ἐπίκηροί τινες ἄνθρωποι, εἰσίν, οἱ παραπλησίως τοῖς προειρημένοις ἐκείνοις κεκλημένοι; 2.29.1 Τί δ' εἴ σοι τοὺς πολλοὺς εἴποιμι Ἀσκληπιοὺς ἢ τοὺς Ἑρμᾶς τοὺς ἀριθμουμένους ἢ τοὺς Ἡφαίστους τοὺς μυθολογουμένους; Μὴ καὶ περιττὸς εἶναι δόξω τὰς ἀκοὰς ὑμῶν τοῖς πολλοῖς τούτοις ἐπικλύζων ὀνόμασιν; Ἀλλ' αἵ γε πατρίδες αὐτοὺς καὶ αἱ τέχναι καὶ οἱ βίοι, πρὸς δέ γε 2.29.2 καὶ οἱ τάφοι ἀνθρώπους γεγονότας διελέγχουσιν. Ἄρης γοῦν ὁ καὶ παρὰ τοῖς ποιηταῖς, ὡς οἷόν τε, τετιμημένος, Ἆρες, Ἄρες, βροτολοιγέ, μιαιφόνε, τειχεσιπλῆτα, ὁ "ἀλλοπρόσαλλος" οὗτος καὶ "ἀνάρσιος", ὡς μὲν Ἐπί χαρμός φησι, Σπαρτιάτης ἦν· Σοφοκλῆς δὲ Θρᾷκα οἶδεν 2.29.3 αὐτόν· ἄλλοι δὲ Ἀρκάδα. Τοῦτον δὲ Ὅμηρος δεδέσθαι φησὶν ἐπὶ μῆνας τρισκαίδεκα· τλῆ μὲν Ἄρης, ὅτε μιν Ὦτος κρατερός τ' Ἐπιάλτης, παῖδες Ἀλωῆος, δῆσαν κρατηρῷ ἐνὶ δεσμῷ· χαλκέῳ δ' ἐν κεράμῳ δέδετο τρισκαίδεκα μῆνας. 2.29.4 Πολλὰ κἀγαθὰ Κᾶρες σχοῖεν, οἳ καταθύουσιν αὐτῷ τοὺς κύνας. Σκύθαι δὲ τοὺς ὄνους ἱερεύοντες μὴ παυέσθων, ὡς