TO THE FELLOW PRESBYTER TIMOTHY, DIONYSIUS

 being illuminated super-cosmically by them for the hymns of the Godhead and being conformed to the sacred hymnologies, so as to see the divine lights

 For all knowledges are of things that are and have their limit in things that are, but It is beyond all essence and is removed from all knowledge. <5>

 <7> Thus, therefore, to the Cause of all and which is above all, both the nameless will apply and all the names of the things that are, so that it may

 the Father raises the dead and gives them life, so also the Son gives life to whom he will, and that It is the Spirit that gives life? That the ent

 to the one-principled Trinity also is common the super-essential existence, the super-divine divinity, the super-good goodness, the identity beyond al

 has partaken of the Word, unless someone might say according to the good-pleasing and man-loving common will and according to all the transcendent and

 Jesus, he says in his compiled Theological Outlines: <10> The all-causing and fulfilling Godhead of the Son, which preserves the parts in harmony with

 <III.> <1> And first, if you please, let us investigate the name Good, which reveals the whole procession of God's emanations, invoking the Good-Pri

 to the hierarchs, when we too, as you know, both yourself and many of our sacred brethren, had gathered for the sight of the life-originating and God-

 communions, the unconfused distinctions, the powers of the subordinate that lead up to the superior, the providences of the senior for the secondary,

 moves and nourishes and increases and perfects and purifies and renews. And light is the measure and number of hours, of days, and of all our time. Fo

 impartations and as calling all things to itself, whence it is also called Beauty, and as gathering all in all into one, and Beautiful as being All-Be

 the beautiful and the good is that which is beyond all rest and motion. Wherefore every rest and motion and that from which and in which and to which

 <12> And yet it has seemed to some of our sacred writers that the name 'eros' is even more divine than that of 'agape'. And the divine Ignatius also w

 an eternal circle through the Good, from the Good and in the Good and to the Good, moving about in an unerring convolution and in the same and accordi

 Whence then is evil? one might say. For if evil does not exist, virtue and vice are the same thing, and the whole is the same as the whole, and the pa

 irrational desire, in this it neither exists nor desires existing things, but it nevertheless partakes of the good by virtue of the faint echo itself

 simply nor in respect to time. <22> But neither is evil in angels. For if the good-like angel proclaims the divine goodness, being secondarily by part

 <24> But would someone say that souls are evil? If, because they associate with evil things providentially and for salvation, this is not evil, but go

 <30> To speak concisely The good is from one and the whole cause, but the evil from many and partial deficiencies. God knows evil, insofar as it is g

 goodnesses. <34> Therefore evil is not a being, nor is evil in beings. For evil, as evil, is nowhere. And the coming-to-be of evil is not according to

 manifestation of the all-perfect providence of the one God, and those of the more universal and the more particular things of the same. <3> And yet on

 <6> Therefore, the Essential Super-Goodness, putting forth the first gift, that of being itself, is praised by the first and most ancient of participa

 For if our sun, although the substances and qualities of sensible things are many and various, yet it, being one and shining a uniform light, renews a

 godlike and unchangeable immortality and the unwavering and unswerving perpetual motion, extending through an abundance of goodness even to the life o

 and is the cause of being of Wisdom itself, both of the whole and of each particular. <2> From it the intelligible and intellectual powers of the ange

 the cause of all things. Therefore God is known both in all things and apart from all things. And God is known through knowledge and through unknowing

 to be power-in-itself, both by being beyond-power and by bringing forth other powers, infinitely many times the infinite number of existing powers, an

 of the age, as having fallen away from none of the things that are, but rather both surpassing and pre-eminent over all beings according to a supra-es

 is defined and all inequality, which is a privation of the equality in each of them, is banished. For if anyone were to take inequality to mean the di

 We said the neck was opinion, as between the rational and irrational the breast, spirit the belly, desire the legs and feet, nature, using the name

 the return to him of those who have proceeded from him. <10> But if one should take the divine name 'Same' from the Oracles, or 'Justice,' in the sens

 beings, inasmuch as He is both before eternity and above eternity and His kingdom is a kingdom of all the ages. Amen. <ΧI.> <1> Come now, let us c

 and would never willingly wish to be at rest. And if he who says these things says that otherness and distinction are the particularity of each of the

 self-deification, of which beings, partaking according to their own nature, both are and live and are divine, and are and are called, and the others l

 It is therefore Perfect not only as being self-complete and defined in itself by itself in a single form and most perfect whole through whole, but als

 And not even the name of Goodness do we offer to It as being applicable, but from a yearning to conceive and speak something about that ineffable Natu

to the hierarchs, when we too, as you know, both yourself and many of our sacred brethren, had gathered for the sight of the life-originating and God-receiving body, and there were present also James, the brother of God, and Peter, the chief and most venerable summit of the theologians, then it seemed good, after the sight, for all the hierarchs to hymn, as each was able, the infinitely powerful goodness of the divine weakness, he surpassed all the other sacred initiates, after the theologians, as you know, being wholly outside himself, wholly transported from himself and experiencing communion with the things hymned, and judged by all by whom he was heard and seen and known and not known, to be God-possessed and a divine hymnodist. And what could I say to you concerning the things theologized there? For, unless I have forgotten myself, I know that I have often heard from you parts of those inspired hymns. So zealous are you to pursue divine things not as a side-task. <3> And so that we may pass over the things there that are mystical and ineffable to the many, and known to you, when it was necessary to communicate to the many and to lead as many as possible to our sacred knowledge, how he surpassed the many sacred teachers in length of time and purity of mind and accuracy of proofs and the other sacred discourses, so that we would never have attempted to look straight at so great a sun. For so we were conscious of and know ourselves, that we are capable neither of sufficiently understanding the intelligible things of the divine, nor of speaking out and expressing the speakable things of the knowledge of God.

But being far off, we fall short of the knowledge of the divine men concerning theological truth, that we would certainly have come to this through exceeding reverence, to not at all hear or say anything about the divine philosophy, had we not understood that one must not neglect the attainable knowledge of divine things. And we were persuaded of this not only by the natural desires of our minds, ever lovingly striving for the attainable contemplation of supernatural things, but also by the most excellent ordinance of the divine statutes itself, which forbids us to meddle with the things above us as being beyond our worth and unattainable, but all that is permitted and has been granted to us to learn, it commands us to attend to and to impart to others in a goodly manner. Persuaded, therefore, by these things, and not having grown weary or cowardly toward the attainable discovery of divine things, but also not enduring to leave unaided those unable to contemplate the things superior to us, we have set ourselves to writing, daring to introduce nothing new, but with more detailed and particular examinations distinguishing and making clear the things spoken summarily by the true Hierotheus. <IV.> <1> Well then, let us now proceed in our discourse to the very name of Goodness, which the theologians preeminently and distinctly from all things assign to the super-divine Divinity, calling, as I think, the Divine subsistence Goodness, and that by being the Good, as essential Good, it extends its goodness to all existing things. For just as our sun, not by reasoning or choosing, but by its very being, illuminates all things able to partake of its light according to their own capacity, so indeed also the Good, beyond the sun as the preeminent archetype is beyond a faint image, by its very subsistence sends forth to all existing things analogously the rays of its whole goodness. Through these all intelligible and intelligent essences and powers and energies subsist, through these they are and have life, unfailing and undiminished, pure from all corruption and death and matter and generation and removed from the unstable and flowing and ever-changing alteration and are conceived as incorporeal and immaterial, and as minds they think supracelestially and are illumined in the principles of beings in a manner proper to them, and again they convey their own proper things to their kindred. And they have their stability from the Goodness, and from thence is their foundation and coherence and protection and hearth of good things, and desiring it, they have both their being and their well-being, and being conformed to it as far as possible, they are good-like and communicate to those after them, as the divine ordinance directs, the gifts that have come to them from the Good. <2> From thence they have their supracelestial orders, their unions with themselves, their [unions] among one another

ἱεράρχαις, ἡνίκα καὶ ἡμεῖς, ὡς οἶσθα, καὶ αὐτὸς καὶ πολλοὶ τῶν ἱερῶν ἡμῶν ἀδελφῶν ἐπὶ τὴν θέαν τοῦ ζωαρχικοῦ καὶ θεοδόχου σώματος συνεληλύθαμεν, παρῆν δὲ καὶ ὁ ἀδελφόθεος Ἰάκωβος καὶ Πέτρος, ἡ κορυφαία καὶ πρεσβυτάτη τῶν θεολόγων ἀκρότης, εἶτα ἐδόκει μετὰ τὴν θέαν ὑμνῆσαι τοὺς ἱεράρχας ἅπαντας, ὡς ἕκαστος ἦν ἱκανός, τὴν ἀπειροδύναμον ἀγαθότητα τῆς θεαρχικῆς ἀσθενείας, πάντων ἐκράτει μετὰ τοὺς θεολόγους, ὡς οἶσθα, τῶν ἄλλων ἱερομυστῶν ὅλος ἐκδημῶν, ὅλος ἐξιστάμενος ἑαυτοῦ καὶ τὴν πρὸς τὰ ὑμνούμενα κοινωνίαν πάσχων καὶ πρὸς πάντων, ὧν ἠκούετο καὶ ἑωρᾶτο καὶ ἐγιγνώσκετο καὶ οὐκ ἐγιγνώσκετο, θεόληπτος εἶναι καὶ θεῖος ὑμνολόγος κρινόμενος. Καὶ τί ἄν σοι περὶ τῶν ἐκεῖ θεολογηθέντων λέγοιμι; Καὶ γάρ, εἰ μὴ καὶ ἐμαυτοῦ ἐπιλέλησμαι, πολλάκις οἶδα παρὰ σοῦ καὶ μέρη τινὰ τῶν ἐνθεαστικῶν ἐκείνων ὑμνῳδιῶν ἐπακούσας. Oὕτω σοι σπουδὴ μὴ ἐκ παρέργου τὰ θεῖα μεταδιώκειν. <3> Καὶ ἵνα τὰ ἐκεῖ μυστικὰ καὶ ὡς τοῖς πολλοῖς ἄῤῥητα καὶ ὡς ἐγνωσμένα σοι παραλείψωμεν, ὅτε τοῖς πολλοῖς ἐχρῆν κοινωνῆσαι καὶ ὅσους δυνατὸν ἐπὶ τὴν καθ' ἡμᾶς ἱερογνωσίαν προσαγαγεῖν, ὅπως ὑπερεῖχε τοὺς πολλοὺς τῶν ἱερῶν διδασκάλων καὶ χρόνου τριβῇ καὶ νοῦ καθαρότητι καὶ ἀποδείξεων ἀκριβείᾳ καὶ ταῖς λοιπαῖς ἱερολογίαις, ὥστε οὐκ ἄν ποτε πρὸς οὕτω μέγαν ἥλιον ἀντωπεῖν ἐνεχειρήσαμεν. Oὕτω γὰρ ἡμεῖς ἑαυτῶν συνῃσθήμεθα καὶ ἴσμεν, ὡς οὔτε ἱκανῶς νοῆσαι τὰ νοητὰ τῶν θείων χωροῦμεν οὔτε ὅσα ·ητὰ τῆς θεογνωσίας ἐξειπεῖν καὶ φράσαι.

Πόῤῥω δὲ ὄντες ἀπολειπόμεθα τῆς τῶν θείων ἀνδρῶν εἰς θεολογικὴν ἀλήθειαν ἐπιστήμης, ὅτι πάντως ἂν εἰς τοῦτο διὰ περισσὴν εὐλάβειαν ἐληλύθαμεν εἰς τὸ μηδόλως ἀκούειν ἢ λέγειν τι περὶ τῆς θείας φιλοσοφίας, εἰ μὴ κατὰ νοῦν εἰλήφαμεν, ὡς οὐ χρὴ τῆς ἐνδεχομένης τῶν θείων γνώσεως ἀμελεῖν. Καὶ τοῦτο ἡμᾶς ἔπεισαν οὐ μόνον αἱ κατὰ φύσιν ἐφέσεις τῶν νοῶν ἐρωτικῶς ἀεὶ γλιχόμεναι τῆς ἐγχωρούσης τῶν ὑπερφυῶν θεωρίας, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὴ τῶν θείων θεσμῶν ἡ ἀρίστη διάταξις τὰ μὲν ὑπὲρ ἡμᾶς ἀποφάσκουσα πολυπραγμονεῖν καὶ ὡς ὑπὲρ ἀξίαν καὶ ὡς ἀνέφικτα, πάντα δέ, ὅσα ἡμῖν ἐφίεται καὶ δεδώρηται μανθάνειν, προσεχῶς ἐγκελευομένη καὶ ἑτέροις ἀγαθοειδῶς μεταδιδόναι. Τούτοις οὖν καὶ ἡμεῖς πειθόμενοι καὶ πρὸς τὴν ἐφικτὴν τῶν θείων εὕρεσιν μὴ ἀποκαμόντες ἢ ἀποδειλιάσαντες, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς μὴ δυναμένους εἰς τὰ ἡμῶν κρείττονα θεωρεῖν ἀβοηθήτους καταλιπεῖν οὐ καρτεροῦντες ἐπὶ τὸ συγγράφειν ἑαυτοὺς καθήκαμεν καινὸν μὲν οὐδὲν εἰσηγεῖσθαι τολμῶντες, λεπτοτέραις δὲ καὶ ταῖς κατὰ μέρος ἕκαστον ἐξετάσεσι τὰ συνοπτικῶς εἰρημένα τῷ ὄντως Ἱεροθέῳ διακρίνοντες καὶ ἐκφαίνοντες. <IV.> <1> Eἶεν δὴ οὖν, ἐπ' αὐτὴν ἤδη τῷ λόγῳ τὴν ἀγαθωνυμίαν χωρῶμεν, ἣν ἐξῃρημένως οἱ θεολόγοι τῇ ὑπερθέῳ θεότητι καὶ ἀπὸ πάντων ἀφορίζουσιν αὐτήν, ὡς οἶμαι, τὴν θεαρχικὴν ὕπαρξιν ἀγαθότητα λέγοντες, καὶ ὅτι τῷ εἶναι τἀγαθὸν ὡς οὐσιῶδες ἀγαθὸν εἰς πάντα τὰ ὄντα διατείνει τὴν ἀγαθότητα. Καὶ γὰρ ὥσπερ ὁ καθ' ἡμᾶς ἥλιος οὐ λογιζόμενος ἢ προαιρούμενος, ἀλλ' αὐτῷ τῷ εἶναι φωτίζει πάντα τὰ μετέχειν τοῦ φωτὸς αὐτοῦ κατὰ τὸν οἰκεῖον δυνάμενα λόγον, οὕτω δὴ καὶ τἀγαθὸν ὑπὲρ ἥλιον ὡς ὑπὲρ ἀμυδρὰν εἰκόνα τὸ ἐξῃρημένως ἀρχέτυπον αὐτῇ τῇ ὑπάρξει πᾶσι τοῖς οὖσιν ἀναλόγως ἐφίησι τὰς τῆς ὅλης ἀγαθότητος ἀκτῖνας. ∆ιὰ ταύτας ὑπέστησαν αἱ νοηταὶ καὶ νοεραὶ πᾶσαι καὶ οὐσίαι καὶ δυνάμεις καὶ ἐνέργειαι, διὰ ταύτας εἰσὶ καὶ ζωὴν ἔχουσι τὴν ἀνέκλειπτον καὶ ἀμείωτον ἁπάσης φθορᾶς καὶ θανάτου καὶ ὕλης καὶ γενέσεως καθαρεύουσαι καὶ τῆς ἀστάτου καὶ ·ευστῆς καὶ ἄλλοτε ἄλλως φερομένης ἀλλοιώσεως ἀνῳκισμέναι καὶ ὡς ἀσώματοι καὶ ἄϋλοι νοοῦνται καὶ ὡς νόες ὑπερκοσμίως νοοῦσι καὶ τοὺς τῶν ὄντων οἰκείως ἐλλάμπονται λόγους καὶ αὖθις εἰς τὰ συγγενῆ τὰ οἰκεῖα διαπορθμεύουσιν. Καὶ τὴν μονὴν ἐκ τῆς ἀγαθότητος ἔχουσι, καὶ ἵδρυσις αὐταῖς ἐκεῖθέν ἐστι καὶ συνοχὴ καὶ φρουρὰ καὶ ἑστία τῶν ἀγαθῶν, καὶ αὐτῆς ἐφιέμεναι καὶ τὸ εἶναι καὶ τὸ εὖ εἶναι ἔχουσι καὶ πρὸς αὐτὴν ὡς ἐφικτὸν ἀποτυπούμεναι καὶ ἀγαθοειδεῖς εἰσι καὶ ταῖς μεθ' αὑτὰς κοινωνοῦσιν, ὡς ὁ θεῖος θεσμὸς ὑφηγεῖται, τῶν εἰς αὐτὰς ἐκ τἀγαθοῦ διαφοιτησάντων δώρων. <2> Ἐκεῖθεν αὐταῖς αἱ ὑπερκόσμιοι τάξεις, αἱ πρὸς ἑαυτὰς ἑνώσεις, αἱ ἐν ἀλλήλαις