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So then, the kingdom of the Jews having devolved to such a person, already at the doors was the expectation of the Gentiles, in accordance with the prophecy, since from that time those who had ruled and led them in succession from Moses himself had failed. 1.6.5 For before their captivity and removal to Babylon they were ruled by kings, beginning from Saul the first and David. But before the kings, rulers governed them, who are called judges, who themselves also ruled after Moses and his 1.6.6 successor Joshua; but after the return from Babylon they continued to use an aristocratic form of government with an oligarchy, for the priests were at the head of affairs, until Pompey, the Roman general, arriving, besieged Jerusalem by force and defiled the holy things, advancing to the very innermost part of the temple, and he sent the king and high priest, who had continued by succession from his ancestors to that time (Aristobulus was his name), as a prisoner to Rome with his children, and he handed over the high priesthood to his brother Hyrcanus, but from that time he made the entire Jewish nation tributary to the Romans. 1.6.7 Forthwith, then, when Hyrcanus, in whom the succession of the high priests ended, was taken captive by the Parthians, the first, as I have said, foreigner, Herod, was entrusted with the Jewish nation by the Roman senate and the emperor Augustus, at which time the coming of Christ was clearly at hand, 1.6.8 and the expected salvation and calling of the Gentiles followed in accordance with the prophecy; from which time, indeed, the rulers and leaders from Judah, I mean those from the Jewish nation, having failed, as was fitting, the matters of the high priesthood, which had proceeded in an orderly way from their ancestors to the nearest successors generation by generation, were immediately thrown into confusion for them. 1.6.9 You have Josephus as a credible witness of these things, showing that when Herod was entrusted with the kingdom by the Romans, he no longer appointed high priests from the ancient lineage, but bestowed the honor on certain obscure persons; and that Archelaus his son, and after him the Romans, who had taken over the rule of the Jews, did similar things 1.6.10 to Herod concerning the appointment of the priests. The same man shows that Herod was the first to lock up the sacred vestment of the high priest and place it under his own seal, no longer permitting the high priests to have it in their own possession; and that Archelaus after him and the Romans after him 1.6.11 did the same thing. And let these things have been said by us for the proof of another prophecy fulfilled at the manifestation of our Savior Jesus Christ. For very clearly in Daniel the word, having included a certain number of weeks by name until Christ the Prince, concerning which we have spoken in other places, prophesies that after their conclusion the anointing among the Jews would be utterly destroyed; and this is shown to have been clearly fulfilled at the time of the birth of our Savior Jesus Christ. Let these things have been necessarily preserved by us for a demonstration of the truth of the times. 1.7.1 Since Matthew and Luke in their gospels have handed down to us the genealogy of Christ differently, and are thought by many to disagree, and each of the faithful in ignorance of the truth has been ambitious to invent explanations for the passages, come, let us set forth the account concerning these things that has come down to us, which Africanus, who was mentioned by us a little earlier, recalled when writing in a letter to Aristides about the harmony of the genealogy in the gospels, having refuted the opinions of the rest as forced and false, setting forth the account which he himself had received, in these very words: 1.7.2 "For since the names of the generations in Israel were reckoned either by nature or by law; by nature, by succession of legitimate seed, but by law, when another begat children in the name of a brother who died childless for because not yet

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εἰς δὴ οὖν τὸν τοιοῦτον τῆς Ἰουδαίων περιελθούσης βασιλείας, ἐπὶ θύραις ἤδη καὶ ἡ τῶν ἐθνῶν ἀκολούθως τῇ προφητείᾳ προσδοκία παρῆν, ἅτε διαλελοιπότων ἐξ ἐκείνου τῶν παρ' αὐτοῖς ἐξ αὐτοῦ Μωυ1.6.5 σέως κατὰ διαδοχὴν ἀρξάντων τε καὶ ἡγησαμένων. πρὸ μέν γε τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας αὐτῶν καὶ τῆς εἰς Βαβυλῶνα μεταναστάσεως ἐβασιλεύοντο, ἀπὸ Σαοὺλ πρώτου καὶ ∆αυὶδ ἀρξάμενοι. πρὸ δὲ τῶν βασιλέων ἄρχοντες αὐτοὺς διεῖπον, οἱ προσαγορευόμενοι κριταί, ἄρξαντες καὶ αὐτοὶ μετὰ Μωυσέα καὶ τὸν τούτου 1.6.6 διάδοχον Ἰησοῦν· μετὰ δὲ τὴν ἀπὸ Βαβυλῶνος ἐπάνοδον οὐ διέλιπον πολιτείᾳ χρώμενοι ἀριστοκρατικῇ μετὰ ὀλιγαρχίας οἱ γὰρ ἱερεῖς προεστήκεσαν τῶν πραγμάτων, ἄχρι οὗ Πομπήιος Ῥωμαίων στρατηγὸς ἐπιστὰς τὴν μὲν Ἱερουσαλὴμ πολιορκεῖ κατὰ κράτος μιαίνει τε τὰ ἅγια μέχρι τῶν ἀδύτων τοῦ ἱεροῦ προελθών, τὸν δ' ἐκ προγόνων διαδοχῆς εἰς ἐκεῖνο τοῦ καιροῦ διαρκέσαντα βασιλέα τε ὁμοῦ καὶ ἀρχιερέα, Ἀριστόβουλος ὄνομα ἦν αὐτῷ, δέσμιον ἐπὶ Ῥώμης ἅμα τέκνοις ἐκπέμψας, Ὑρκανῷ μὲν τῷ τούτου ἀδελφῷ τὴν ἀρχιερωσύνην παραδίδωσιν, τὸ δὲ πᾶν Ἰουδαίων ἔθνος ἐξ ἐκείνου Ῥωμαίοις ὑπό1.6.7 φορον κατεστήσατο. αὐτίκα γοῦν καὶ Ὑρκανοῦ, εἰς ὃν ὕστατον τὰ τῆς τῶν ἀρχιερέων περιέστη διαδοχῆς, ὑπὸ Πάρθων αἰχμαλώτου ληφθέντος, πρῶτος, ὡς γοῦν ἔφην, ἀλλόφυλος Ἡρῴδης ὑπὸ τῆς συγκλήτου Ῥωμαίων Αὐγούστου τε βασιλέως τὸ Ἰουδαίων ἔθνος ἐγχειρίζεται, καθ' ὃν ἐναργῶς τῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1.6.8 παρουσίας ἐνστάσης, καὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν ἡ προσδοκωμένη σωτηρία τε καὶ κλῆσις ἀκολούθως τῇ προφητείᾳ παρηκολούθησεν· ἐξ οὗ δὴ χρόνου τῶν ἀπὸ Ἰούδα ἀρχόντων τε καὶ ἡγουμένων, λέγω δὲ τῶν ἐκ τοῦ Ἰουδαίων ἔθνους, διαλελοιπότων, εἰκότως αὐτοῖς καὶ τὰ τῆς ἐκ προγόνων εὐσταθῶς ἐπὶ τοὺς ἔγγιστα διαδόχους κατὰ γενεὰν προϊούσης ἀρχιερωσύνης παραχρῆμα συγχεῖται. 1.6.9 ἔχεις καὶ τούτων ἀξιόχρεων τὸν Ἰώσηπον μάρτυρα, δηλοῦντα ὡς τὴν βασιλείαν παρὰ Ῥωμαίων ἐπιτραπεὶς Ἡρῴδης οὐκέτι τοὺς ἐξ ἀρχαίου γένους καθίστησιν ἀρχιερεῖς, ἀλλά τισιν ἀσήμοις τὴν τιμὴν ἀπένεμεν· τὰ ὅμοια δὲ πρᾶξαι τῷ Ἡρῴδῃ περὶ τῆς καταστάσεως τῶν ἱερέων Ἀρχέλαόν τε τὸν παῖδα αὐτοῦ καὶ μετὰ τοῦτον Ῥωμαίους, τὴν ἀρχὴν τῶν Ἰουδαίων παρει1.6.10 ληφότας. ὁ δ' αὐτὸς δηλοῖ ὡς ἄρα καὶ τὴν ἱερὰν στολὴν τοῦ ἀρχιερέως πρῶτος Ἡρῴδης ἀποκλείσας ὑπὸ ἰδίαν σφραγῖδα πεποίηται, μηκέτ' αὐτὴν τοῖς ἀρχιερεῦσιν ἔχειν ὑφ' ἑαυτοὺς ἐπιτρέψας· ταὐτὸν δὲ καὶ τὸν μετ' αὐτὸν Ἀρχέλαον καὶ μετὰ 1.6.11 τοῦτον Ῥωμαίους διαπράξασθαι. καὶ ταῦτα δ' ἡμῖν εἰρήσθω εἰς ἑτέρας ἀπόδειξιν προφητείας κατὰ τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ πεπερασμένης. σαφέστατα γοῦν ἐν τῷ ∆ανιὴλ ἑβδομάδων τινῶν ἀριθμὸν ὀνομαστὶ ἕως Χριστοῦ ἡγουμένου περιλαβὼν ὁ λόγος, περὶ ὧν ἐν ἑτέροις διειλήφαμεν, μετὰ τὸ τούτων συμπέρασμα ἐξολοθρευθήσεσθαι τὸ παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις χρῖσμα προφητεύει· καὶ τοῦτο δὲ σαφῶς κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τῆς τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ γενέσεως ἀποδείκνυται συμπεπληρωμένον. ταῦτα δ' ἡμῖν ἀναγκαίως εἰς παράστασιν τῆς τῶν χρόνων ἀληθείας προτετηρήσθω. 1.7.1 Ἐπειδὴ δὲ τὴν περὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ γενεαλογίαν διαφόρως ἡμῖν ὅ τε Ματθαῖος καὶ ὁ Λουκᾶς εὐαγγελιζόμενοι παραδεδώκασι διαφωνεῖν τε νομίζονται τοῖς πολλοῖς τῶν τε πιστῶν ἕκαστος ἀγνοίᾳ τἀληθοῦς εὑρησιλογεῖν εἰς τοὺς τόπους πεφιλοτίμηται, φέρε, καὶ τὴν περὶ τούτων κατελθοῦσαν εἰς ἡμᾶς ἱστορίαν παραθώμεθα, ἣν δι' ἐπιστολῆς Ἀριστείδῃ γράφων περὶ συμφωνίας τῆς ἐν τοῖς εὐαγγελίοις γενεαλογίας ὁ μικρῷ πρόσθεν ἡμῖν δηλωθεὶς Ἀφρικανὸς ἐμνημόνευσεν, τὰς μὲν δὴ τῶν λοιπῶν δόξας ὡς ἂν βιαίους καὶ διεψευσμένας ἀπελέγξας, ἣν δ' αὐτὸς παρείληφεν ἱστορίαν, τούτοις αὐτοῖς ἐκτιθέμενος τοῖς ῥήμασιν· 1.7.2 «Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν γενῶν ἐν Ἰσραὴλ ἠριθμεῖτο ἢ φύσει ἢ νόμῳ, φύσει μέν, γνησίου σπέρματος διαδοχῇ, νόμῳ δέ, ἑτέρου παιδοποιουμένου εἰς ὄνομα τελευτήσαντος ἀδελφοῦ ἀτέκνου ὅτι γὰρ οὐδέπω