of teeth. smelling. and the 207 rest. except for ὁδός. and those from it. ὁδεύω, ὁδίτης, ὁδοιπόρος, ὁδοιδόκος, the robber. with these also Ὁδὶ, instead of this one, and so-and-so. However, those who write Ὀδυσσεὺς with one 's' give it a rough breathing; deriving it from ὁδός (road) and ὕω, which means I wet. For it is told that his mother Anticleia, having been given in marriage to Laertes, gave birth to him on the road while it was raining. Therefore he was also called Odysseus. But others give it a smooth breathing, deriving it from Ὀδύσσω, which means I am angry. For he seemed angry when he spoke in public. as Homer also shows, saying of him, "You would say that he was some very wrathful man and a fool besides." Therefore both etymologies appear plausible. But it is found in Homer with a smooth breathing and written with one 's' because of the meter, as in, "Then he found Odysseus, equal to Zeus in counsel." and in many other places. But if it is also etymologized from ὁδός. it is not at all a problem how it does not have a rough breathing. For it has been said that derivatives are often accustomed to change the breathings. ἅμα, ἄμυδις. ἰδίω, ἱδρώς. so also ὁδός, Ὀδυσσεύς. The O before E has a smooth breathing. Ὀεργίλος, a proper name. Ὀετής, same as ὁμοετής (of the same age), by syncope. as also Ὄπατρος, same as ὁμόπατρος (of the same father). The O before Z has a smooth breathing. Ὄζος, the branch. ὄζω, a verb. and the rest. The O before Θ has a smooth breathing. such as ὀθόνη. Ὀθνεῖος, the foreigner. Ὄθων, a proper name. Ὄθομαι, which means I take heed. as in, "Nor do I heed one who is angry." except for Ὅθι, instead of ὅπου (where). and ὅθεν (whence). The O before I has a smooth breathing. ὀϊστός. Ὀΐω, which means I suppose. and the rest. The O before K has a smooth breathing. such as ὄκνος. ὀκλάζω. ὀκρίβας. Ὀκριόεις, the rugged † and the swift. Ὀκέλλω, which means I run the ship ashore. and the rest. except for those that occur through a change of Π to Κ according to the Ionic dialect. such as Ὁκόσον, instead of ὁπόσον. Ὁκοῖος, instead of ὁποῖος. Ὅκως, instead of ὅπως. and similar ones. 208 The O before a single or double Λ has a smooth breathing, whether a consonant or a vowel follows. ὄλεθρος. ὄλυμπος. ὄλισθος. Ὄλορος, a proper name. ὀλίγος. ὀλλύω. ὄλλω. Ὀλοοίτροχος, the round stone. Ὄλβος, wealth. Ὀλμειός, a river. Ὄλπη, the oil-flask, which is the vessel for holding oil, being a kind of ἐλαιόπη. except for ὅλος. Ὅλμος, the mortar. Ὅλκος, the body of a serpent, and any elongated body, and the harbor in which merchant ships stand. Ὁλκάς, the ship. Ὁλκή, the weight. ὅλως, an adverb. ὁλικῶς. ὁλότος †. and those from ὅλος. The O before M, single or double, whether a vowel or a consonant follows, has a smooth breathing. such as Ὀμῶ, which means I swear. Ὀμιχῶ, which means I urinate. ὀμίχλη. ὄμμα. ὀμματῶ. ὄμβρος. Ὄμφαξ, the unripe grape. Ὀμόργνυσιν, instead of he wipes off, and he wipes clean. except for ὁμοῦ, and those from it. such as ὁμαίμων. Ὅμορος, the neighbor. ὁμευνέτης. ὁμῆλιξ. ὅμηρος. ὁμώνυμος. ὅμιλος. ὁμιλία. ὅμοιος. Ὁμοκλή, the threat. and ὁμαλός. The O before N, in words of more than one syllable, whether a vowel or consonant follows, has a smooth breathing. such as ὄναρ. ὄνυξ. Ὄνθος, the dung of cattle. ὄνειρος. Ὀνείατα, foods. and Homer. "And they put forth their hands to the good cheer lying ready before them." it is added "in words of more than one syllable." because of Ὅν, one's own. and Ὃν, instead of ὅντινα (whom), a relative pronoun in the accusative singular case. But Ὂν, that which exists, has a smooth breathing, for it was Ἐόν, and by removal of the ε it became ὄν. The O before Ξ has a smooth breathing. such as ὄξος. ὀξύς. Ὀξύη, a type of tree. Ὀξυόεν δόρυ, the swift, or the sharpened, or that made from the ὀξύη tree. (as also Μεíλινον, that from the ash tree; and Οἰσύϊνον, that from the osier.) but some have rendered it as "well-planed." for from ξύω comes ξυόεν, and by pleonasm of the O, ὀξυόεν. The O before Π has a smooth breathing. such as ὀπός. ὀπίσω. Ὀπή, the hole. ὀπώρα. and Ὀπωρινός, a season and a north wind. "As when the autumn north wind swiftly dries a newly watered threshing-floor." Ὀπαδός, and Ὀπάων, the follower. except for those having Λ following the Π, such as ὅπλον. ὁπλίζω. Ὁπλή, the hoof. 209 and the relatives. such as ὅποι, and ὅπου. ὁπόθεν. ὁπόθι. ὁπότε. ὁποῖος. ὁπόσος. ὁπότερος. ὅπως. ὁπωσοῦν and ὁποσονοῦν. The O before Ρ, whether a vowel or a consonant follows, or Ρ itself, has a smooth breathing. such as ὀρεύς. ὀρέγω. ὀρέστης. Ὄρος,

τῶν ὀδόντων. ὀδωδώς. καὶ τὰ 207 λοιπά. πλὴν τοῦ ὁδός. καὶ τῶν ἐξ αὐτοῦ. ὁδεύω, ὁδίτης, ὁδοιπόρος, ὁδοιδόκος, ὁ λῃστής. σὺν τούτοις καὶ Ὁδὶ, ἀντὶ τοῦ οὗτος, καὶ ὁ δεῖνα. τὸ μέντοι Ὀδυσσεὺς οἱ μὲν δι' ἑνὸς σ γράφοντες δασύνουσιν αὐτό· ἐτυμολογοῦντες παρὰ τὴν ὁδὸν καὶ τὸ ὕω τὸ βρέχω. Ἱστόρηται γὰρ, ὅτι ἡ μήτηρ Ἀντίκλεια πρὸς γάμον δοθεῖσα τῷ Λαέρτῃ ἐγέννη σεν αὐτὸν καθ' ὁδὸν ὑετοῦ γενομένου. διὸ καὶ Ὀδυσσεὺς ἐκλήθη. Οἱ δὲ ψιλοῦσιν, ἐτυμολογοῦντες ἀπὸ τοῦ Ὀδύσσω, τὸ ὀργίζομαι. ὀργίλῳ γὰρ ἐῴκει, ὅτε ἐδημηγόρει. καθὰ δηλοῖ καὶ Ὅμηρος λέγων περὶ αὐτοῦ, Φαίης κεν ζάκοτόν τέ τιν' ἔμμεναι ἄφρονα τ' αὔτως. φαίνονται οὖν καὶ ἀμφότεραι αἱ ἐτυμολογίαι ἀρεσταί. εὕ ρηται δὲ παρ' Ὁμήρῳ ψιλούμενον καὶ δι' ἑνὸς σ γραφό μενον διὰ τὸ μετρούμενον, ὡς ἐν τῷ, Εὗρεν ἔπειτ' Ὀδυσῆα ∆ιῒ μῆτιν ἀτάλαντον. καὶ ἐν ἄλλοις πολλοῖς. εἰ δὲ καὶ παρὰ τὴν ὁδὸν ἐτυμολο γεῖται. οὐδὲν καθέστηκεν ἄπορον, πῶς οὐ δασύνεται. εἴρη ται γὰρ, ὡς αἱ παραγωγαὶ πολλάκις εἰώθασιν ἀμείβειν τὰ πνεύματα. ἅμα, ἄμυδις. ἰδίω, ἱδρώς. οὕτως καὶ ὁδὸς, Ὀδυσσεύς. Τὸ Ο πρὸ τοῦ Ε ψιλοῦται. Ὀεργίλος, κύριον. Ὀετὴς, ὁ ὁμοετὴς, κατὰ συγκοπήν. ὡς καὶ Ὄπατρος, ὁ ὁμόπατρος. Τὸ Ο πρὸ τοῦ Ζ ψιλοῦται. Ὄζος, ὁ κλάδος. ὄζω, ῥῆμα. καὶ τὰ λοιπά. Τὸ Ο πρὸ τοῦ Θ ψιλοῦται. οἷον ὀθόνη. Ὀθνεῖος, ὁ ξένος. Ὄθων, κύριον. Ὄθομαι, τὸ ἐπιστροφὴν ποιοῦμαι. ὡς τὸ, Οὐδ' ὄθομαι κοτέοντος. πλὴν τοῦ Ὅθι, ἀντὶ τοῦ ὅπου. καὶ ὅθεν. Τὸ Ο πρὸ τοῦ Ι ψιλοῦται. ὀϊστός. Ὀΐω, τὸ ὑπολαμ βάνω. καὶ τὰ λοιπά. Τὸ Ο πρὸ τοῦ Κ ψιλοῦται. οἷον ὄκνος. ὀκλάζω. ὀκρίβας. Ὀκριόεις, ὁ φρίκωδος † καὶ ὁ ταχύς. Ὀκέλλω, τὸ προσορμίζω τὴν ναῦν. καὶ τὰ λοιπά. πλὴν τῶν κατὰ τρο πὴν τοῦ Π εἰς Κ γινομένων κατὰ διάλεκτον Ἰωνικήν. οἷον Ὁκόσον, ἀντὶ τοῦ ὁπόσον. Ὁκοῖος, ἀντὶ τοῦ ὁποῖος. Ὅκως,ἀντὶ τοῦ ὅπως. καὶ τῶν ὁμοίων. 208 Τὸ Ο πρὸ τοῦ Λ ἢ ἑνὸς ἢ δισσοῦ ψιλοῦται, συμ φώνου ἐπαγομένου ἢ φωνήεντος. ὄλεθρος. ὄλυμπος. ὄλισθος. Ὄλορος, κύριον. ὀλίγος. ὀλλύω. ὄλλω. Ὀλοοίτροχος, ὁ στρογγύλος λίθος. Ὄλβος, ὁ πλοῦτος. Ὀλμειὸς, ποταμός. Ὄλπη, ἡ λήκυθος, ὅ ἐστι τὸ ἐλαιοδόχον ἀγγεῖον, ἐλαιόπη τὶς οὖσα. πλὴν τοῦ ὅλος. Ὅλμος, ἡ ἔγδη. Ὅλκος, τὸ σῶμα τοῦ ὄφεως, καὶ πᾶν ἐπίμηκες σῶμα, καὶ ὁ λιμὴν, ἐν ᾧ αἱ ὁλκάδες ἵστανται. Ὁλκὰς, ἡ ναῦς. Ὁλκὴ, τὸ βάρος. ὅλως, ἐπίῤῥημα. ὁλικῶς. ὁλότος †. καὶ τῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ ὅλος. Τὸ Ο πρὸ τοῦ Μ, ἑνὸς ἢ δισσοῦ, φωνήεντος ἢ συμ φώνου ἐπαγομένου, ψιλοῦται. οἷον Ὀμῶ, τὸ ὀμνύω. Ὀμιχῶ, τὸ οὐρέω. ὀμίχλη. ὄμμα. ὀμματῶ. ὄμβρος. Ὄμφαξ, ἡ ὠμὴ σταφυλή. Ὀμόργνυσιν, ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀπομάσσει, καὶ ἀποσπογ γίζει. πλὴν τοῦ ὁμοῦ, καὶ τῶν ἐξ αὐτοῦ. οἷον ὁμαίμων. Ὅμορος, ὁ γείτων. ὁμευνέτης. ὁμῆλιξ. ὅμηρος. ὁμώνυμος. ὅμιλος. ὁμιλία. ὅμοιος. Ὁμοκλὴ, ἡ ἀπειλή. καὶ ὁμαλός. Τὸ Ο πρὸ τοῦ Ν, ἐν ταῖς ὑπὲρ μίαν συλλαβὴν λέ ξεσι, φωνήεντος ἢ συμφώνου ἐπαγομένου, ψιλοῦται. οἷον ὄναρ. ὄνυξ. Ὄνθος, ἡ τῶν βοῶν κόπρος. ὄνειρος. Ὀνείατα, τὰ βρώματα. καὶ Ὅμηρος. Οἳ δ' ἐπ' ὀνείαθ' ἑτοῖμα προκείμενα χεῖρας ἴαλλον. πρόσκειται ἐν ταῖς ὑπὲρ μίαν συλλαβὴν λέξεσι. διὰ τὸ Ὅν, τὸ ἴδιον. καὶ Ὃν, ἀντὶ τοῦ ὅντινα, ἄρθρον ὑποτακτι-κὸν πτώσεως αἰτιατικῆς τῶν ἑνικῶν. Ὂν δὲ, τὸ ὑπάρχον, ψιλοῦται, Ἐὸν γὰρ ἦν, καὶ ἀφαιρέσει τοῦ ε γέγονεν ὄν. Τὸ Ο πρὸ τοῦ Ξ ψιλοῦται. οἷον ὄξος. ὀξύς. Ὀξύη, εἶδος δένδρου. Ὀξυόεν δόρυ, τὸ ταχὺ, ἢ τὸ ἐστομωμένον, ἢ τὸ ἀπὸ ὀξύης δένδρου κατεσκευασμένον. (ὡς καὶ Μείλινον, τὸ ἀπὸ μελίας· καὶ Οἰσύϊνον, τὸ ἀπὸ οἰσύας.) τινὲς δὲ τὸ καλῶς ἐξεσμένον ἀποδεδώκασιν. ἀπὸ γὰρ τοῦ ξύω γίνεται ξυόεν, καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ Ο ὀξυόεν. Τὸ Ο πρὸ τοῦ Π ψιλοῦται. οἷον ὀπός. ὀπίσω. Ὀπὴ, ἡ τρύπα. ὀπώρα. καὶ Ὀπωρινὸς, καιρὸς καὶ βοῤῥᾶς. Ὡς δ' ὅτ' ὀπωρινὸς βορέης νεοαρδέ' ἀλωὴν Αἶψα ξηραίνει. Ὀπαδὸς, καὶ Ὀπάων, ὁ ἀκόλουθος. πλὴν τῶν ἐχόντων τῷ Π ἐπαγόμενον τὸ Λ, οἷον ὅπλον. ὁπλίζω. Ὁπλὴ, ὁ ὄνυξ. 209 καὶ τῶν ἀναφορικῶν. οἷον ὅποι, καὶ ὅπου. ὁπόθεν. ὁπόθι. ὁπότε. ὁποῖος. ὁπόσος. ὁπότερος. ὅπως. ὁπωσοῦν καὶ ὁπο σονοῦν. Τὸ Ο πρὸ τοῦ Ρ, φωνήεντος ἢ συμφώνου ἐπαγομέ νου, ἢ τοῦ Ρ αὐτοῦ, ψιλοῦται. οἷον ὀρεύς. ὀρέγω. ὀρέστης. Ὄρος,