John Chrysostom, Commentary on Job

of the work and their removal. Then murder is also mixed with the loss, which makes the enemies seem burdensome. Great is the cruelty and the inhumanity, double the calamity, murder and captivity, and the sal23vation of the one left behind is an addition to the evils by not being ignorant of the terrible things. 1,16a While he was still speaking, another messenger came to Job and said to him: 16b fire fell from heaven upon the earth and devoured the sheep and devoured the shepherds likewise. 16c And I alone escaped and have come to report to you. Do you see the continuous blows and that he is not permitted even to breathe for a little while? For since the property was of less value, by the manner of the punishment he made it more grievous. "Do not think," he says, "that the blows are human, hearing of captors; from above, from heaven, God wars against you." Fire fell from heaven. "From where?" Clearly from heaven. "And how did you alone escape? What has happened?" Until that day he remained in virtue. How did he not change when he saw a change occur in his affairs? For if he had committed some great sin or had even become slothful, he would have been able to reckon the cause of what happened to his transgression. But remaining in the same virtue, he came to a certain speechlessness and astonishment. And see what happens. The devil begins with the smaller blows, keeping the greater ones for later, thinking by this to overcome him, if by first weakening him with the lesser ones, he might later bring on the unbearable one. But the opposite happens; for having been well trained by these with philosophy, he bore the rest. See how everywhere those in charge perish with them, so that there is no longer any hope of possession. For if those who would manage them were alive, there would be an expectation to acquire them again; but with these also having perished, his affairs would have come to a greater hopelessness. 1,17a While he was still speaking, another messenger comes to Job and says to him: 17b the horsemen made for us three raiding par24ties 17c and surrounded the camels and took them captive 17d and killed the servants with swords; 17e and I alone escaped and have come to report to you. So that these things too might not be thought to be from God. And by the variety of the report he elevates the tragedy to greatness. As if he had said as a pious man, "God strikes, therefore it is necessary to bear it," "but behold, men too," he says, "are striking, not only is God warring against you." But see, how great is the power of the devil, how he moved so many nations, whether by fashioning demons. Understand for me the ease of it, not thinking it to be fire; for he is not able to create, but it so appeared and it burned everything. 1,18a While he was still speaking, another messenger comes to Job saying: 18b your sons and your daughters were eating and drinking at their eldest brother’s house 1,19a suddenly a great wind came from the desert and struck the four corners of the house, 19b and the house fell upon your children and they died. 19c And I alone escaped and have come to report to you. See for me here also the manner of the death, how pitiful, and not from this alone, but that the children were also wonderful and in the very flower of their age. Just as in the case of the livestock there was both quantity and quality of those who perished—for they were both fertile and many—so also in the case of these there was both quantity and the quality of their character and the flower of their age and the occasion; for as they were dining, there was brains and wine on the table. A great wind, he says, came from the desert. See, here also as in the case of the sheep, the death was not common, the end was not natural, not little by little, nor did those who were left behind con25sole the loss of those who had passed; the house became one tomb for all. He shook down the roof upon them, so that the body of each was no longer distinguishable for burial. What is more pitiful than this sight? What is heavier than this calamity? While eating and drinking; at the very moment of harmony, in the very time of gladness. And I alone, he says, was saved. Upon

τοῦ ἔργου καὶ τὴν ἀφαίρεσιν αὐτῶν. εἶτα καὶ φόνος τῇ ἀπωλείᾳ ἀναμέμικται, ὅπερ φορτικοὺς ποιεῖ τοὺς πολεμίους φαίνεσθαι. πολλὴ ἡ ὠμότης καὶ ἡ ἀπανθρωπία, διπλῆ ἡ συμφορά, φόνος καὶ αἰχμαλωσία, καὶ ἡ σω23 τηρία τοῦ περιλειφθέντος προσθήκη τῶν κακῶν τῷ μηδὲ ἀγνοῆσαι τὰ δεινά. 1,16a ἔτι τούτου λαλοῦντος ἦλθεν ἕτερος ἄγγελος πρὸς Ἰὼβ καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· 16b πῦρ ἔπεσεν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν καὶ κατέφαγε τὰ πρόβατα καὶ τοὺς ποιμένας κατέφαγεν ὁμοίως. 16c καὶ ἐσώθην ἐγὼ μόνος καὶ ἦλθον τοῦ ἀναγγεῖλαί σοι. ὁρᾷς συνεχεῖς τὰς πληγὰς καὶ οὐ συγχωρούμενον αὐτὸν οὐδὲ ἀναπνεῦσαι μικρόν; ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τὸ κτῆμα εὐτελέστερον ἦν, τῷ τρόπῳ τῆς τιμωρίας ἐποίησεν αὐτὸ χαλεπώτερον. «μὴ νόμιζε», φησίν, «ἀνθρωπίνας εἶναι τὰς πληγὰς ἀκούσας αἰχμαλωτεύοντας· ἄνωθεν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ πολεμεῖ σοι ὁ θεός.» πῦρ ἔπεσεν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ. «πόθεν;» δηλονότι ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ. «πόθεν δὲ σὺ διεσώθης μόνος; τί γέγονεν;» μέχρι τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης ἔμεινεν ἐπὶ τῆς ἀρετῆς. πῶς οὐ μεταβαλόμενος μεταβολὴν εἶδεν ἐπὶ τῶν πραγμάτων γενομένην; εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἦν τι μέγα ἡμαρτηκὼς ἁμάρτημα ἢ καὶ ῥάθυμος γεγενημένος, εἶχε λογίσασθαι τὴν αἰτίαν τῶν γεγενημένων τῷ πλημμελήματι. μένων δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτῆς ἀρετῆς εἰς ἀφασίαν τινὰ καὶ ἐκπληξίαν ἦλθεν. καὶ ὅρα, τί γίνεται. ὁ μὲν διάβολος ἀπὸ τῶν μικροτέρων ἄρχεται πληγῶν τὰς μείζους ὑστέρας τηρῶν ταύτῃ νομίζων αὐτὸν καταγωνίσασθαι, ἂν ταῖς ἐλάττοσι προδιαλύσας τὴν ἀφόρητον ὕστερον ἐπαγάγῃ. γίνεται δὲ τοὐναντίον· ἐν γὰρ ταύταις καλῶς γυμνασάμενος μετὰ φιλοσοφίας τὰς λοιπὰς ἔφερεν. ὅρα πανταχοῦ τοὺς ἐφεστῶτας μετ' αὐτῶν ἀπολλυμένους ὡς μηδὲ κτήσεως εἶναί τινα λοιπὸν ἐλπίδα. ὄντων μὲν γὰρ τῶν ἐπιστησομένων ἦν προσδοκία πάλιν αὐτὰ κτήσασθαι· καὶ τούτων δὲ ἀπολομένων εἰς μείζονα ἀνελπιστίαν τὰ πράγματα ἦλθεν ἄν. 1,17a ἔτι τούτου λαλοῦντος ἕτερος ἄγγελος ἔρχεται πρὸς Ἰὼβ καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ· 17b οἱ ἱππεῖς ἐποίησαν ἡμῖν ἀρ24 χὰς τρεῖς 17c καὶ ἐκύκλωσαν τὰς καμήλους καὶ ᾐχμαλώτευσαν αὐτὰς 17d καὶ τοὺς παῖδας ἀπέκτειναν ἐν μαχαίραις· 17e καὶ ἐσώθην ἐγὼ μόνος καὶ ἦλθον τοῦ ἀπαγγεῖλαί σοι. ὥστε μὴ νομισθῆναι καὶ ταῦτα ἀπὸ θεοῦ. καὶ τῇ ποικιλίᾳ τῆς ἀπαγγελίας ἐξαίρει πρὸς μέγεθος τὴν τραγῳδίαν. οἷον εἰ ὡς εὐλαβὴς εἶπεν, ὅτι «ὁ θεὸς πλήττει, οὐκοῦν ἀνάγκη φέρειν», «ἀλλ' ἰδού, καὶ ἄνθρωποι», φησίν, «πλήττουσιν, οὐχὶ θεός σοι πολεμεῖ μόνον.» ἀλλ' ὅρα, πόση τοῦ διαβόλου ἡ δύναμις, πῶς ἔθνη τοσαῦτα ἐκίνησεν, εἴτε δαίμονας σχηματίσας. σύ μοι τὴν εὐκολίαν νόησον μὴ νομίζων πῦρ εἶναι· οὐ γὰρ δύναται δημιουργεῖν, ἀλλ' οὕτως ἔδοξε καὶ κατέφλεξεν ἅπαντα. 1,18a ἔτι τούτου λαλοῦντος ἄλλος ἄγγελος ἔρχεται πρὸς Ἰὼβ λέγων· 18b τῶν υἱῶν σου καὶ τῶν θυγατέρων σου ἐσθιόντων καὶ πινόντων παρὰ τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτῶν τῷ πρεσβυτέρῳ 1,19a ἐξαίφνης πνεῦμα μέγα ἦλθεν ἐκ τῆς ἐρήμου καὶ ἥψατο τῶν τεσσάρων γωνιῶν τῆς οἰκίας, 19b καὶ ἔπεσεν ἡ οἰκία ἐπὶ τὰ παιδία σου καὶ ἐτελεύτησαν. 19c καὶ ἐσώθην ἐγὼ μόνος καὶ ἦλθον τοῦ ἀπαγγεῖλαί σοι. ὅρα μοι καὶ ἐνταῦθα τὸν τρόπον τοῦ θανάτου, πῶς ἐλεεινός, καὶ μὴ ἀπὸ τούτου μόνον, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ θαυμαστοὶ οἱ παῖδες ἦσαν καὶ αὐτὸ τῆς ἡλικίας τὸ ἄνθος. καθάπερ ἐπὶ τῶν θρεμμάτων καὶ τὸ πλῆθος ἦν καὶ ἡ ποιότης τῶν ἀπολομένων-καὶ γὰρ ἦν εὔτοκα καὶ πολλά-, οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τούτων καὶ τὸ πλῆθος καὶ ἡ ποιότης τῆς προαιρέσεως καὶ τῆς ἡλικίας τὸ ἄνθος καὶ ὁ καιρός· ἀριστώντων γὰρ αὐτῶν ἦν ἐπὶ τῆς τραπέζης ἐγκέφαλος καὶ οἶνος. πνεῦμα, φησίν, μέγα ἦλθεν ἐκ τῆς ἐρήμου. ὅρα, καὶ ἐνταῦθα ὥσπερ ἐπὶ τῶν προβάτων οὐ κοινὸς ὁ θάνατος, οὐ φυσικὴ ἡ τελευτή, οὐ κατὰ μικρόν, οὐχ οἱ λειπόμενοι τῶν παρελθόντων παρεμυ25 θοῦντο τὴν ἀπώλειαν· πᾶσιν ἐγένετο τάφος εἷς ἡ οἰκία. ἐπικατέσεισεν αὐτοῖς τὸν ὄροφον, ὥστε μηδὲ πρὸς ταφὴν εὐδιάκριτον εἶναι λοιπὸν ἑκάστου τὸ σῶμα. τί ταύτης τῆς θέας ἐλεεινότερον; τί ταύτης τῆς συμφορᾶς βαρύτερον; ἐσθιόντων καὶ πινόντων· ἐν αὐτῷ τῆς συμφωνίας τῷ καιρῷ, ἐν αὐτῷ τῆς εὐφροσύνης τῷ χρόνῳ. καὶ ἐσώθην, φησίν, ἐγὼ μόνος. ἐπὶ