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Do I speak of the things of the Jews? For indeed many customs of the Greeks are observed among some of our people, divinations by words, and omens, and symbols, and observations of days, and the study of nativities, and the documents full of all impiety, which they compose straightaway for the harm of their own heads when children are born, from the very beginning teaching them to dissolve the labors for virtue, and leading them, for their part, under the erring tyranny of fate. But if Christ profits nothing those who are circumcised, for those who draw upon themselves so many evils, how much will faith profit them for salvation then? And yet circumcision was given by God, but nevertheless since, being performed out of season, it was ruining the Gospel, Paul did everything to cut it off. Then Paul made so great an effort concerning Jewish customs, since they were observed out of season, and shall we not cut off the Greek custom? and what excuse should we have? For these reasons our affairs are now in confusion and disturbances, and the disciples, filled with much arrogance, have overturned order, and things have become upside down. And if someone makes a small accusation, they spit upon their rulers, because we have trained them badly. And yet, even if the leaders were more wicked, and full of countless evils, not even so was it right for the disciple to disobey. For if concerning the Jewish teachers he says that since they sat on Moses' seat, they should justly be heard by the disciples, 61.624 although they had works so wicked as to command the disciples not to emulate or imitate them, of what pardon would they be worthy who spit upon and trample upon the presidents of the Church who live with gentleness by the grace of God? For if it is not right to judge one another, much more so the teachers. But though I, or an angel from heaven, preach any other gospel unto you than that which ye have received, let him be accursed.

See the apostolic understanding. For lest anyone say that for the sake of vainglory he establishes his own doctrines, he anathematized himself also. And since they took refuge also in dignities, James and John, for this reason he also mentioned angels. For do not tell me of James, he says, and John; for even if one of the first angels from heaven should corrupt the preaching, let him be accursed. And he did not simply say, From heaven, but since priests were also called angels; For the priest's lips should keep knowledge, and they should seek the law at his mouth: for he is the messenger of the Lord of hosts; lest you think these are now being called angels, by the addition of "from heaven" he alluded to the powers above. And he did not say, "If they announce contrary things," or "if they subvert the whole," but, "If they preach even a little something beyond what we preached," "if they should move what is incidental," let them be accursed. As I have said before, so say I now again. For lest you think the words are of anger, or have been said with hyperbole, or by some seizure, he puts the same things a second time. For one who is led to say something in anger, might quickly repent; but he who says the same things a second time, shows that he spoke thus after judging, and having previously confirmed it in his mind, so he brought forth what was said. Abraham therefore, being asked to send Lazarus, said, They have Moses and the prophets; if they hear not them, neither will they be persuaded, though one rose from the dead. And Christ introduces him saying these things, showing that He wishes the Scriptures to be more credible even than the dead being raised. But Paul (and when I say Paul, I mean Christ again; for it was He who was moving his soul) places them before even angels coming down from heaven; and very rightly. For the angels, though great, are nevertheless slaves and ministers; but all the Scriptures were written and sent not by slaves, but by the God and Master of all. Therefore

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λέγω τὰ Ἰουδαίων; καὶ γὰρ Ἑλλήνων ἔθη πολλὰ παρά τισι τῶν ἡμετέρων φυλάττεται, κλῃδονισμοὶ καὶ οἰωνισμοὶ καὶ σύμβολα καὶ ἡμερῶν παρατηρήσεις, καὶ ἡ περὶ τὴν γένεσιν σπουδὴ, καὶ τὰ πάσης ἀσεβείας γέμοντα γραμματεῖα, ἃ τικτομένων τῶν παιδίων εὐθέως ἐπὶ κακῷ τῆς ἑαυτῶν συντιθέασι κεφαλῆς, ἐκ προοιμίων παιδεύοντες καταλύειν τοὺς ὑπὲρ ἀρετῆς πόνους, καὶ ὑπὸ τὴν πεπλανημένην τυραννίδα τῆς εἱμαρμένης τό γε αὐτῶν ἄγοντες μέρος. Εἰ δὲ τοὺς περιτεμνομένους οὐδὲν ὁ Χριστὸς ὠφελεῖ, τοὺς τοσαῦτα ἐπισυρομένους κακὰ, τί τοσοῦτον ἡ πίστις εἰς σωτηρίαν ὠφελήσει λοιπόν; Καίτοι ἡ περιτομὴ παρὰ Θεοῦ δεδομένη ἦν, ἀλλ' ὅμως ἐπειδὴ ἐλυμαίνετο τῷ Εὐαγγελίῳ οὐκ ἐν καιρῷ τελουμένη, πάντα ἔπραττεν ὁ Παῦλος, ὥστε αὐτὴν περικόψαι. Εἶτα ὁ μὲν Παῦλος ὑπὲρ ἐθῶν Ἰουδαϊκῶν τοσαύτην ἐποιεῖτο σπουδὴν, ἐπειδὴ ἀκαίρως ἐφυλάττετο, ἡμεῖς δὲ οὐδὲ τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν περικόψομεν συνήθειαν; καὶ ποίαν σχοίημεν ἀπολογίαν; ∆ιὰ ταῦτα ἐν ταραχαῖς καὶ θορύβοις νῦν τὰ ἡμέτερα, καὶ οἱ μαθητευόμενοι φρονήματος ἐμπλησθέντες πολλοῦ τὴν τάξιν ἀνέτρεψαν, καὶ τὰ ἄνω κάτω γεγένηται. Κἂν μικρόν τις ἐγκαλέσῃ, διαπτύουσι τοὺς ἄρχοντας, ἐπειδὴ κακῶς ἡμεῖς αὐτοὺς ἐπαιδοτριβήσαμεν. Καίτοι γε εἰ καὶ μοχθηρότεροι, καὶ μυρίων ἦσαν κακῶν γέμοντες οἱ προεστῶτες, οὐδὲ οὕτω τῷ μαθητῇ θέμις ἦν παρακούειν. Εἰ γὰρ περὶ τῶν Ἰουδαίων διδασκάλων φησὶν, ὅτι ἐπειδὴ ἐπὶ τῆς Μωϋσέως καθέδρας ἐκάθισαν, ἀκούεσθαι δίκαιοι παρὰ τῶν μαθητευομέ 61.624 νων ἂν εἶεν, καίτοι γε ἔργα εἶχον οὕτω πονηρὰ, ὡς τοὺς μαθητὰς κελεῦσαι μὴ ζηλοῦν, μηδὲ μιμεῖσθαι ἐκεῖνα, τίνος ἂν εἶεν συγγνώμης ἄξιοι οἱ τοὺς τῆς Ἐκκλησίας προέδρους τοὺς τῇ χάριτι τοῦ Θεοῦ μετ' ἐπιεικείας ζῶντας διαπτύοντες καὶ καταπατοῦντες; Εἰ γὰρ ἀλλήλους κρίνειν οὐ θέμις, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τοὺς διδασκάλους. Ἀλλὰ κἂν ἐγὼ, ἢ ἄγγελος ἐξ οὐρανοῦ εὐαγγελίζηται ὑμῖν παρ' ὃ παρελάβετε, ἀνάθεμα ἔστω.

Ὅρα σύνεσιν ἀποστολικήν. Ἵνα γὰρ μή τις λέγῃ, ὅτι κενοδοξίας ἕνεκεν τὰ ἴδια συγκροτεῖ δόγματα, καὶ ἑαυτὸν ἀνεθεμάτισεν. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ καὶ εἰς ἀξιώματα κατέφευγον, Ἰάκωβον καὶ Ἰωάννην, διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἀγγέλων ἐμνήσθη. Μὴ γάρ μοι Ἰάκωβον εἴπῃς, φησὶ, καὶ Ἰωάννην· κἂν γὰρ τῶν πρώτων ἀγγέλων ᾖ τις τῶν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ διαφθείρων τὸ κήρυγμα, ἀνάθεμα ἔστω. Καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς εἶπεν, Ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ καὶ οἱ ἱερεῖς ἄγγελοι ἐκαλοῦντο· Χείλη γὰρ ἱερέως φυλάξεται γνῶσιν, καὶ νόμον ἐκζητήσουσιν ἐκ στόματος αὐτοῦ, ὅτι ἄγγελος Κυρίου παντοκράτορός ἐστιν· ἵνα μὴ τούτους νομίσῃς ἀγγέλους λέγεσθαι νῦν, τῇ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ προσθήκῃ τὰς ἄνω δυνάμεις ᾐνίξατο. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπεν, Ἐὰν ἐναντία καταγγέλλωσιν, ἢ ἀνατρέπωσι τὸ πᾶν, ἀλλὰ, Κἂν μικρόν τι εὐαγγελίζωνται παρ' ὃ εὐηγγελισάμεθα, κἂν τὸ τυχὸν παρακινήσωσιν, ἀνάθεμα ἔστωσαν. Ὡς προείρηκα, καὶ ἄρτι πάλιν λέγω. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ νομίσῃς θυμοῦ τὰ ῥήματα εἶναι, ἢ ὑπερβολικῶς εἰρῆσθαι, ἢ κατὰ συναρπαγήν τινα, δεύτερον τὰ αὐτὰ πάλιν τίθησιν. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ θυμῷ τι προαχθεὶς εἰπεῖν, κἂν μεταγνοίη ταχέως· ὁ δὲ δεύτερον τὰ αὐτὰ λέγων, δείκνυσιν ὅτι κρίνας οὕτως εἶπε, καὶ πρότερον ἐν τῇ γνώμῃ κυρώσας, οὕτως ἐξήνεγκε τὸ λεχθέν. Ὁ μὲν οὖν Ἀβραὰμ ἀξιούμενος πέμψαι τὸν Λάζαρον ἔλεγεν, Ἔχουσι Μωϋσέα καὶ τοὺς προφήτας· ἐὰν μὴ ἐκείνων ἀκούσωσιν, οὐδὲ νεκρῶν ἀνισταμένων ἀκούσονται. Ταῦτα δὲ αὐτὸν εἰσάγει λέγοντα ὁ Χριστὸς, δεικνὺς ὅτι καὶ νεκρῶν ἐγειρομένων ἀξιοπιστοτέρας εἶναι βούλεται τὰς Γραφάς. Ὁ δὲ Παῦλος (ὅταν δὲ Παῦλον εἴπω, τὸν Χριστὸν πάλιν λέγω· αὐτὸς γὰρ ἦν ὁ κινῶν αὐτοῦ τὴν ψυχήν) καὶ ἀγγέλων ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καταβαινόντων αὐτὰς προτίθησι· καὶ μάλα εἰκότως. Οἱ γὰρ ἄγγελοι, κἂν μεγάλοι, ἀλλὰ δοῦλοι καὶ ὑπουργοὶ τυγχάνουσιν ὄντες· αἱ δὲ Γραφαὶ πᾶσαι οὐ παρὰ δούλων, ἀλλὰ παρὰ τοῦ τῶν ὅλων Θεοῦ ∆εσπότου γραφεῖσαι ἐπέμφθησαν. ∆ιὰ