In job (sermones 14) (olim sub auctore joanne chrysostomo)

 In ausitis, whose name was job. and that man was blameless, just, god-fearing, true, abstaining from every evil thing. such was adam also before he wa

 Rooted and founded, and secured up to the very arches of heaven. the first messenger came, and says to job: the yokes of oxen were plowing, and raider

 Your sons, he says, and your daughters were eating and drinking at the house of their eldest brother. see how the blessed job was filled with all unde

 In this job sinned not at all before the lord, but for all these things he offered a whole thanksgiving instead of a sacrifice to god, saying: blessed

 Having blossomed from the root, a judge of righteousness. that one warred against nature, and considered his brother a stranger this one considered e

 Those snatched away from polytheism, those gathered from wickedness, those assembled from fornication and adultery, he did not add the summit of virtu

 The sequence of theorems. and may it be granted to us to celebrate the feast genuinely, and having shared in the sufferings of the saints, to share al

 Rather in temporary wealth, but in that of piety. but some other wise man, taking the saying in a common sense, thinks that great works are vineyards

 Runners, called *cursores* in latin but when they drag some away in dishonor, do they send out other harsh and cruel soldiers? so also god sends mini

 Heaven because all earthly things have been trodden underfoot by him, because he has all men under his feet. having gone about, he said, the earth, an

 To the one who wronged you, why do you worship the one who consumes your possessions? fire fell from heaven. job heard, and again bore it nobly. for h

 A wife was left, not because the devil spared her, but because he kept the weapon for himself. for since he knew that through a woman he had overcome

 To contend peter was able to act bravely without a promise, the apostles were able to contend for virtue without receiving a promise of good things

 Of the one who knows all things. from where do you come? see the wisdom of god see the cunning of the devil. for god knew from where he had come, tha

 Job with a malignant sore from foot to head. he made his whole body one wound, one 56.578 bruise. for it was necessary for him, the combatant, to be c

 The magnitude, he insults inanimate things, and fulfills the full measure of his suffering, not daring against god, but accusing himself and the day

 He suffered also in the case of job. he destroyed martyrs, in order to extinguish the church, not knowing that after the martyrs the church would flou

 This not out of ambition, but out of guilelessness, when he says: i have not disregarded the judgment of my manservant, or of my maidservant, when the

 You were. did you, then, call to judgment the one more ancient than the ages, the creator of the creation? when i stretched a line upon the earth, whe

 Again on the day of the resurrection they will receive him from the tomb into the kingdom, and with one accord they will enjoy those ineffable and ete

runners, called *cursores* in Latin; but when they drag some away in dishonor, do they send out other harsh and cruel soldiers? So also God sends ministering angels to the saints for salvation; but when He wishes to punish, He permits the demons. For this reason, when God was pronouncing judgment against Ahab, He says: Who will go and deceive Ahab, that he may fall? And an evil spirit answered: Behold, I. For he knew that the devil is appointed for this. The demons, therefore (but forgive me, I pray; for I am speaking of things invisible and not perceptible; but I would not have attempted from the beginning to say anything about such matters, if I had not borrowed the starting points from the Holy Scripture; for it is not for human understanding to distinguish the invisible from the perceptible; but since it is not possible to contradict what God has said, we therefore follow what is written, whether we wish to or not); the most evil demons, therefore, are sent specifically to exact punishment from the wicked; but they are also sent to the just, not that they may punish, but that they may tempt. For since a holy angel is not commanded to minister to temptation (for God does not command an angel anything unworthy), for this reason demons are permitted this temptation. And do not be surprised if demons are sent to the just; for the Lord of all was once led up from the Jordan into the desert to be tempted by the devil. If, therefore, the devil tempted the Lord and Savior of all, why would you be surprised if a demon is sent against a just man for the exercise of patience? But he is sent, not by God's command, but by His permission. And Scripture frames the account as in a personification. For a voice does not proceed from God to an evil demon, nor is that transgressing purpose deemed worthy of this. For the nature is good, but the purpose evil; it is not deemed worthy of the undefiled voice. But if you should say: The Lord said to the devil; I will say to you from David: But to the sinner God said, Why do you declare my statutes? Did He then utter a voice to the sinner? No; but through what He ordains, through the events themselves He speaks to the unworthy. God commanded the great fish. Did He send forth a voice, or issue a command? God commanded a worm in the morning. So if the account should state that God spoke to the devil, do not on the basis of equal honor introduce this dishonored and transgressing purpose brought into the presence of the Lord. But the angels stood according to their appointed order; but the devil came and stood in the midst of the angels, that you may learn that he received the nature of an angel, but showed the purpose of a traitor. For "devil," brothers, is not the name of a nature, 56.573 but of a choice. Why is he the devil? For he was not the devil from the beginning, but was created an angel; but he was named "devil" (slanderer), as one who slanders both God to men, and man to God; and as one who sets master against servant, and servant against master. For when the devil suggests to us, and says: How many evils are in the world? where is God? why does He not preside? he slanders the Creator to us; for this has been the work of the devil from the beginning. He slanders God to Adam, saying, God knew that in the day you eat of the tree, you will be as gods. Out of envy, he says, God has forbidden you from eating. There he slanders God to Adam; here he slanders Job to God: Does Job fear God for nothing? That is, he is a hireling, not virtuous; he pays you a wage for his prosperity; take away his possessions, and his purpose is laid bare. Since, therefore, God saw the just man being insulted by his insinuation, He takes away his possessions, in order to take away the suspicion, and to show his piety bare. And behold the purpose of the evil demon; The Lord said, it says, to the devil: From where have you come? Then the proud and arrogant one, knowing neither his own rank, nor the dignity of the one asking, says: Having gone through the earth, and walked about under heaven, I am here; all but shouting and wishing to show, that he rules over what is under

δρομεῖς, κούρσωρας καλουμένους Ῥωμαϊστί· ὅταν δὲ μετ' ἀτιμίας τινὰς ἕλκωσιν, ἑτέρους ἐκπέμπουσιν ἀπηνεῖς καὶ σκληροὺς στρατιώτας; Οὕτω καὶ ὁ Θεὸς τοῖς μὲν ἁγίοις ἀποστέλλει διακόνους ἀγγέλους εἰς σωτηρίαν· ὅταν δὲ τιμωρήσασθαι βούληται, τοῖς δαίμοσιν ἐπιτρέπει. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο ὅτε ἀπεφαίνετο κατὰ τοῦ Ἀχαὰβ ὁ Θεὸς, λέγει· Τίς πορεύσεται καὶ ἀπατήσει τὸν Ἀχαὰβ, καὶ πεσεῖται; Καὶ ἀπεκρίθη πνεῦμα πονηρόν· Ἰδοὺ ἐγώ. Ἤδει γὰρ ὅτι εἰς τοῦτο τέτακται ὁ διάβολος. Οἱ τοίνυν δαίμονες (σύγγνωτε δέ μοι, παρακαλῶ· περὶ πραγμάτων γὰρ ἀοράτων καὶ οὐκ αἰσθητῶν διαλέγομαι· ἀλλ' οὐδ' ἂν ἀπ' ἀρχῆς ἐπεχείρησά τι περὶ τῶν τοιούτων εἰπεῖν, εἰ μὴ τὰς ἀφορμὰς ἐκ τῆς ἁγίας Γραφῆς ἐδανειζόμην· οὐ γὰρ ἀνθρωπίνης ἐστὶν ἐννοίας μερίζειν τὰ ἀόρατα ἀπὸ τῶν αἰσθητῶν· ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ οἷς εἶπεν ὁ Θεὸς ἀντειπεῖν οὐκ ἔστι, τοῖς γεγραμμένοις οὖν στοιχοῦμεν, κἂν θέλωμεν, κἂν μή)· οἱ τοίνυν πονηρότατοι δαίμονες ἀποστέλλονται μὲν ἰδικῶς εἰσπράξασθαι παρὰ τῶν πονηρῶν τιμωρίαν· ἀποστέλλονται δὲ καὶ πρὸς δικαίους, οὐχ ἵνα τιμωρήσωνται, ἀλλ' ἵνα πειράσωσιν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἄγγελος ἅγιος ὑπουργῆσαι τῇ πείρᾳ οὐ κελεύεται (οὐδὲ γὰρ ὁ Θεὸς κελεύει τι ἀνάξιον ἀγγέλῳ), διὰ τοῦτο δαίμονες ταύτην ἐπιτρέπονται τὴν πεῖραν. Καὶ μὴ θαυμάσῃς εἰ πρὸς δικαίους δαίμονες ἀποστέλλονται· ἀνήχθη γάρ ποτε ὁ ∆εσπότης τῶν ἁπάντων ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἰορδάνου εἰς τὴν ἔρημον πειρασθῆναι ὑπὸ τοῦ διαβόλου. Εἰ τοίνυν τὸν Κύριον καὶ τὸν Σωτῆρα τῶν ἁπάντων διάβολος ἐπείρασε, τί θαυμάσεις εἰ κατὰ δικαίου εἰς γυμνάσιον ὑπομονῆς δαίμων ἀποστέλλεται; Ἀποστέλλεται δὲ, οὐ τοῦ Θεοῦ κελεύοντος, ἀλλὰ συγχωροῦντος. Σχηματίζει δὲ ἡ Γραφὴ ὡς ἐν προσωποποιίᾳ τὸν λόγον. Οὐ γὰρ φωνὴ παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ χωρεῖ πρὸς πονηρὸν δαίμονα, οὐδὲ καταξιοῦται ταύτης ἡ παραβάτις ἐκείνη πρόθεσις. Φύσις γὰρ ἀγαθὴ, πρόθεσις δὲ κακή· οὐ καταξιοῦται τῆς ἀχράντου φωνῆς. Ἐὰν δὲ εἴπῃς· Εἶπεν ὁ Κύριος τῷ διαβόλῳ· ἐρῶ σοι ἀπὸ τοῦ ∆αυΐδ· Τῷ δὲ ἁμαρτωλῷ εἶπεν ὁ Θεὸς, Ἵνα τί σὺ ἐκδιηγῇ τὰ δικαιώματά μου; Ἆρα φωνὴν ἔῤῥηξε πρὸς τὸν ἁμαρτωλόν; Οὐχί· ἀλλὰ δι' ὧν φθέγγεται, δι' αὐτῶν τῶν πραγμάτων λαλεῖ πρὸς τοὺς ἀναξίους. Ἐπέταξεν ὁ Θεὸς τῷ κήτει. Ἆρα φωνὴν ἐκπέμψας, ἢ πρόσταγμά τι νευρώσας; Ἐκέλευσεν ὁ Θεὸς σκώληκι ἑωθινῇ. Οὕτως ἐὰν σχηματίσῃ ὁ λόγος, ὅτι ὁ Θεὸς ἐφθέγξατο πρὸς τὸν διάβολον, μὴ ἐξ ἰσοτιμίας παραγάγῃς τὴν ἄτιμον ταύτην καὶ παραβεβηκυῖαν πρόθεσιν εἰσαγομένην εἰς πρόσωπον τοῦ ∆εσπότου. Ἀλλ' ἑστήκασιν οἱ ἄγγελοι κατὰ τὴν διατεταγμένην ἀκολουθίαν· ἦλθε δὲ ὁ διάβολος, καὶ παρέστη ἐν μέσῳ τῶν ἀγγέλων, ἵνα μάθῃς ὅτι ἀγγέλου μὲν φύσιν ἔλαβε, προδότου δὲ πρόθεσιν ἐπεδείξατο. ∆ιάβολος γὰρ, ἀδελφοὶ, οὐ φύσεως ὄνομα, 56.573 ἀλλὰ προαιρέσεως. ∆ιὰ τί διάβολος; Οὐ γὰρ διάβολος ἐγένετο ἀπ' ἀρχῆς, ἀλλὰ ἄγγελος ἐκτίσθη· διάβολος δὲ ὠνομάσθη, ὡς διαβάλλων καὶ Θεὸν ἀνθρώποις, καὶ ἄνθρωπον Θεῷ· καὶ ὡς συγκρούων ∆εσπότην πρὸς οἰκέτην, καὶ οἰκέτην πρὸς ∆εσπότην. Ὅταν γὰρ ὑποβάλλῃ ἡμῖν ὁ διάβολος, καὶ εἴπῃ· Πόσα κακὰ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ; ποῦ ὁ Θεός; διὰ τί μὴ προΐσταται; διαβάλλει τὸν ∆ημιουργὸν πρὸς ἡμᾶς· ἔργον γὰρ τοῦτο ἐξ ἀρχῆς τῷ διαβόλῳ. ∆ιαβάλλει Θεὸν πρὸς τὸν Ἀδὰμ, λέγων Ἤδει ὁ Θεὸς, ὅτι ᾗ ἂν ἡμέρᾳ φάγησθε ἀπὸ τοῦ ξύλου, ἔσεσθε ὡς θεοί. Βασκαίνων, φησὶν, ἐκώλυσεν ὑμᾶς ὁ Θεὸς τῆς βρώσεως. Ἐκεῖ τὸν Θεὸν διαβάλλει πρὸς τὸν Ἀδάμ· ὧδε τὸν Ἰὼβπρὸς τὸν Θεόν· Μὴ γὰρ δωρεὰν σέβεται Ἰὼβ τὸν Θεόν; Τουτέστιν, ὑπομίσθιός ἐστιν, οὐκ ἐνάρετος· μισθόν σοι τελεῖ τῆς εὐπραγίας· περίελε τὰ χρήματα, καὶ γυμνοῦται αὐτοῦ ἡ πρόθεσις. Ἐπεὶ οὖν εἶδεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν δίκαιον τῇ ὑπονοίᾳ ἐκείνου ὑβριζόμενον, περιαιρεῖ τὰ κτήματα, ἵνα περιέλῃ τὴν ὑποψίαν, καὶ γυμνὴν δείξῃ τὴν εὐσέβειαν. Καὶ βλέπε τοῦ πονηροῦ δαίμονος τὴν πρόθεσιν· Εἶπε, φησὶ, ὁ Κύριος τῷ διαβόλῳ· Πόθεν παραγέγονας; Εἶτα ὁ ὑπερήφανος καὶ ἀλαζὼν, καὶ μήτε τὴν ἑαυτοῦ τάξιν εἰδὼς, μήτε τοῦ ἐρωτῶντος τὴν ἀξίαν, λέγει· Περιελθὼν τὴν γῆν, καὶ ἐμπεριπατήσας τὴν ὑπ' οὐρανὸν, πάρειμι· μονονουχὶ βοῶν καὶ βουλόμενος δεῖξαι, ὅτι κρατεῖ τῆς ὑπ'