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not only this, but they also established laws and composed discourses (alas for the passion, alas for the deceit) in agreement with demons and as advocates for the passions. Do you see how from the beginning and from its very self the philosophy of the worldly philosophers possesses foolishness, and did not acquire it by comparison? He therefore who rejected it from heaven then, when it had fallen from the truth, and now having come to the earth, justly made it foolish, as it is opposed to the simplicity of the evangelical preaching; wherefore if anyone again pays attention to it, (p. 96) as one about to be guided by it to the knowledge of God or to obtain purification of the soul, he suffers this very thing and is made a fool while being wise. And a clear sign of suffering this, one and the first, is not to accept by faith the traditions which we have received in simplicity from the holy fathers, knowing that they are better and wiser than human investigation and conception, and are manifested by works, but not demonstrated by words; and all know this and will testify with us, who not only accepted, but also reaped the benefit from these things by experience and have known for themselves by deed that “the foolishness of God is wiser than men.” σ

But this is one and a first sufficient proof of the wise who have been made foolish. A second and greater [proof is], to wage war with the power of foolish and despised reason against those who accept those things in simplicity of heart and, like those who disregarded them and raised creation against the Creator, to disregard the oracles of the Spirit and to attack with these reasons the mystical energies of the Spirit, which are at work better than reason in those who live according to the spirit. A third and clearer [proof is], to say that those unwise wise men have been made wise by God just as the prophets were, although Plato clearly, while praising those who were distinguished among them, considers it the greatest part of his praise to show that they were mad. “And whoever,” he says, “without the inspiration of the demons comes to the words of poetry, both he and his poetry are imperfect, and that of the sane man is eclipsed by the poetry of the mad.” And he himself in the Timaeus, when about to philosophize concerning the nature of the cosmos, prays to say nothing that is not dear to the gods. But the philosophy that is dear to demons, how could it be of God (p. 98) and from God? And a daimonion was with Socrates, by whom he was doubtless initiated, and perhaps he was even testified by it to be the best in wisdom. And Homer urges the goddess to sing through him the man-slaying wrath of Achilles, offering himself as an instrument for the demon to use and referring the cause of his own wisdom and eloquence to it. And for Hesiod it was not sufficient to be inspired by one demon, since he was a poet of the knowledge of the gods, wherefore he draws nine to himself at the same time, now from Pieria, now from Helicon, most justly; for when it was given to him by them, while he was pasturing lambs on the mountain, having eaten of the Heliconian laurel, he was filled with all manner of wisdom. And to another, another of the gods “instilled his strength.” And another becomes a witness for himself, saying “I learned all things from the god-speaking muse.” And another, alas, prays for the whole chorus of the muses to dance upon his soul, so that from Heptapora the daughter of Pierus perhaps he might learn of the seven zones and the seven wandering stars and all things concerning them, and from Urania the daughter of Zeus all the rest of astrology, and from the remaining ones and their overseers below, the things on earth.

What do you say then, shall we say that those who so clearly say such things about themselves possess the wisdom of God? No, not as long as we are masters of ourselves and servants of true wisdom, which does not enter a malicious soul that is dear to demons; and even if it should enter, it flies away when the soul changes for the worse. “For a holy spirit of discipline will withdraw from foolish thoughts,” according to Solomon, who was blessed with the wisdom of God and (p. 100) and who wrote concerning it. And what is more foolish than those who are proud of being initiated by demons and who testify for them the provision of their own

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μόνον δέ, ἀλλά καί νόμους ἔθεντο καί λόγους συνεγράψαντο (φεῦ τοῦ πάθους, φεῦ τῆς ἀπάτης) ὁμολόγους τοῖς δαίμοσι καί συνηγόρους τοῖς πάθεσιν. Ὁρᾷς ὡς ἀρχῆθεν ἔχει καί αὐτόθεν τήν μωρίαν ἡ φιλοσοφία τῶν κοσμικῶν φιλοσόφων, ἀλλ᾿ οὐχ ὑπό συγκρίσεως ἔλαβεν αὐτήν; Ὁ τοίνυν ἀποδοκιμάσας αὐτήν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ τότε, τῆς ἀληθείας διαπεσοῦσαν, καί νῦν ἐλθών εἰς τήν γῆν, ὡς τῇ τοῦ εὐαγγελικοῦ κηρύγματος ἀντιταττομένη ἁπλότητι δικαίως ἐμώρανε˙ διόπερ εἴ τις αὖθις ταύτῃ προσέχει τόν νοῦν, (σελ. 96) ὡς παρ᾿ αὐτῆς θεογνωσίαν ὁδηγεῖσθαι μέλλων ἡ ψυχῆς σχήσειν κάθαρσιν, τοῦτ᾿ αὐτό πάσχει καί μωραίνεται σοφός ὤν. Καί τοῦ παθεῖν τοῦτο δεῖγμα σαφές, ἕν μέν καί πρῶτον, τό μή προσίεσθαι πίστει τάς παραδόσεις ἅς παρά τῶν ἁγίων πατέρων ἐν ἁπλότητι παρειλήφαμεν, εἰδότες κρείττους οὔσας καί σοφωτέρας ἤ κατ᾿ ἀνθρωπίνην ἔτασιν καί ἐπίνοιαν, καί δι᾿ ἔργων φανερουμένας, ἀλλ᾿ οὐχί διά λόγων ἀποδεικνυμένας˙ καί τοῦτ᾿ ἴσασι καί συμμαρτυρήσουσι πάντες, οἱ μή προσέμενοι μόνον, ἀλλά καί πείρᾳ καρπωσάμενοι τήν ἐκ τούτων ὠφέλειαν καί παρ᾿ ἑαυτῶν ἔργῳ γνόντες ὅτι τό «μωρόν τοῦ Θεοῦ σοφώτερον τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐστίν». σ

Ἀλλ᾿ ἕν μέν δή τοῦτο καί πρῶτον ἱκανόν τεκμήριον τῶν μεμωραμένων σοφῶν. ∆εύτερον δέ καί μεῖζον, κατά τῶν ἐν ἀφελότητι καρδίας παραδεχομένων ἐκείνας ἐπιστρατεύειν τοῦ μεμωραμένου καί κατηλογημένου λόγου τήν δύναμιν καί κατά τούς παραθεωρήσαντας ἐκείνους καί τῷ κτίστῃ τήν κτίσιν ἐπαναστήσαντας παραθεωρεῖν τά τοῦ Πνεύματος λόγια καί ταῖς μυστικαῖς τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐνεργείας, κρεῖττον ἤ λόγος ἐν τοῖς κατά πνεῦμα ζῶσιν ἐνεργουμέναις δι᾿ αὐτῶν ἐπιτίθεσθαι. Τρίτον δέ καί σαφέστερον, ἐκ θεοῦ καθάπερ καί τούς προφήτας σεσοφίσθαι λέγειν τούς ἀσόφους ἐκείνους σοφούς, καίτοι σαφῶς ὁ Πλάτων, τούς κατ᾿ αὐτούς διαφέροντας ἐπαινῶν, ἐν ἐγκωμίου μεγίστη μοίρᾳ τίθεται δεῖξαι μεμηνότας αὐτούς. «Καί ὅς ἄν», φησίν, «ἄνευ δαιμόνων ἐπιπνοίας ἐπί ποιητικούς λόγους ἀφίκηται, ἀτελής αὐτός τε καί ἡ ποίησις, καί ὑπό τῆς τῶν μαινομένων ἡ τοῦ σωφρονοῦντος ἠφανίσθη». Καί αὐτός δέ διά Τιμαίου μέλλων περί κόσμου φύσεως φιλοσοφεῖν, εὔχεται μηδέν εἰπεῖν ὅ τι μή τοῖς θεοῖς φίλον. Ἡ δέ τοῖς δαίμοσι φίλη φιλοσοφία, πῶς ἄν εἴη Θεοῦ (σελ. 98) τε καί ἐκ Θεοῦ; Τῷ δέ Σωκράτει συνῆν δαιμόνιον, ᾧ δήπου καί μεμύηται, τάχα δέ καί τήν σοφίαν ἄριστος ὑπ᾿ αὐτοῦ μεμαρτύρηται. Θεόν δ᾿ Ὅμηρος ἄδειν δι᾿ αὐτοῦ τήν Ἀχιλλέως ἀνδροφόνον μῆνιν προτρέπεται, παρέχων ἑαυτόν ὡς ὀργάνῳ χρῆσθαι τῷ δαίμονι καί τῆς αὐτοῦ σοφίας καί εὐεπείας τήν αἰτίαν ἐπ᾿ αὐτήν ἀναφέρων. Ἡσιόδῳ δ᾿ οὐκ ἀπέχρησεν ὑφ᾿ ἑνός ἐνεργεῖσθαι δαίμονος, ἅτε τῆς θεογνωσίας ὄντι ποιητῇ, διόπερ ἐννέα κατά τἀυτό πρός ἑαυτόν ἐπισπᾶται, νῦν μέν ἐκ Πιερίας νῦν δ᾿ ἐξ Ἑλικῶνος, δικαιότατα˙ καί γάρ ὑπ᾿ αὐτῶν αὐτῷ δοθείσης, ὕας βόσκοντι κατ᾿ οὖρος, δάφνης φαγῶν ἑλικωνίτιδος, σοφίης ἐμπέπληστο παντοίης. Ἄλλῳ δ᾿ ἄλλος θεῶν «ἑῆς ἐνεκάρπισεν ἀλκῆς». Ἕτερος δ᾿ ἑαυτοῦ μάρτυς γίνεται, «πάντ᾿ ἐδάην» λέγων «μούσᾳ θεόφραδι». Ἄλλος δ᾿ ἐπί τῆς ἑαυτοῦ ψυχῆς, πάντα φεῦ χορεῦσαι τόν μουσῶν ἐπεύχεται χορόν, ὡς ὑπό μέν Ἑπταπόρης τάχα τῆς Πιέρου τάς ἑπτά μάθοι ζώνας καί τούς ἑπτά ἀστέρας τούς πλανήτας καί ὅσα κατ᾿ αὐτούς, ὑπό δ᾿ Οὐρανίας τῆς ∆ιός τήν ἄλλην πᾶσαν ἀστρολογίαν, ὑπό δέ τῶν ὑπολοίπων καί κατ᾿ αὐτούς ἐφόρων τῶν κάτω τά ἐπί γῆς.

Τί δή φῄς, σοφίαν ἐροῦμεν ἔχειν Θεοῦ τούς τοιαῦτα περί σφῶν αὐτῶν λέγοντας ἀριδήλως; Οὐχ, ἕως ἄν ἡμῶν αὐτῶν ὦμεν καί τῆς ὄντως σοφίας θεραπευταί, ἥτις εἰς κακότεχνον καί δαίμοσι φίλην οὐκ εἰσέρχεται ψυχήν˙ κἄν εἰσελθοῦσα φθάσῃ, μεταβαλούσης ἐπί τό χεῖρον ἀφίπταται. «Πνεῦμα γάρ ἅγιον παιδείας ἐπαναστήσεται ἀπό λογισμῶν ἀσυνέτων», κατά Σολομῶντα τόν Θεοῦ σοφίας εὐμοιρηκότα καί (σελ. 100) καί περί αὐτῆς συγγραψάμενον. Τί δέ ἀσυνετώτερον τῶν μέγα φρονούντων ἐπί τῷ δαίμοσι τελεῖσθαι καί προσμαρτυρούντων ἐκείνοις τήν χορηγίαν τῆς σφετέρας