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and inexpressible pains, the narration of which is as inexpressible as the nature of the good things that are hoped for. For neither the one nor the other is subject to the power of words or to the speculation of the mind. Therefore, one who looks to the end of the wisdom of him who orders all things would no longer reasonably, out of faintheartedness, name the creator of men the cause of evils, either by saying he was ignorant of the future, or that, knowing it and having made man, he was not without an impulse toward evil. For he both knew the future and did not prevent the impulse toward what would happen; for that humanity would turn away from the good, he who embraces all things in his cognitive power and sees the future and the past equally was not ignorant. But just as he foresaw the turning away, so too did he perceive his recall again to the good. What then was better, not to bring our nature into existence at all, since he foresaw that the one to be created would fail of the good, or, having brought him into existence and he having fallen sick, to call him back again through repentance to the grace he had from the beginning? But to name God the author of evils on account of bodily pains, which of necessity happen to our fluid nature, or to suppose him not to be the creator of man at all, so that he might not be suspected of being the cause of our pains as well—this is a mark of the utmost faint-heartedness of those who distinguish good and evil by sense perception, who do not know that that alone is good by nature, which sense does not apprehend, and that alone is evil, the estrangement from the true good. But to judge the good and the not-good by pains and pleasures is characteristic of an irrational nature, in which the understanding of the truly good has no place, because they do not partake of mind and intellect. But that man is the work of God, both good and created for the best things, is clear not only from what has been said, but also from countless other things, the multitude of which we will pass over on account of their immensity. And in naming God the maker of man, we have not forgotten those things clarified by us in the preface against the Greeks, in which it was shown that the Word of God, being substantial and hypostatic, is himself both God and Word, having comprehended all creative power, or rather being power-itself, and having the impulse toward every good and accomplishing whatever he wills, because his power runs concurrent with his will, whose will and work is the life of all things, from whom man was also brought into life, having been adorned with all the most beautiful things in a godlike manner. But since that alone is unchangeable by nature which does not have its origin through creation, while all things that were brought into being out of non-being by the uncreated nature, having begun to exist immediately from a change, always proceed through alteration—if they act according to nature, the alteration for them being ever toward the better, but if it should be turned aside from the straight path, the motion toward the contrary receiving them; since, therefore, man was among these, whose mutable nature has slipped aside toward the contrary, and since the departure from good things consequently introduces every form of evil in its place—so that for the turning away from life, death was introduced; for the privation of light, darkness arose; for the absence of virtue, vice was brought in, and for every form of good, a corresponding list of contraries was counted—he who had fallen into these and such things out of a lack of counsel; for it was not possible for one who had turned away from prudence to be prudent, nor for one who had departed from wisdom to devise anything wise; by whom was it necessary for him to be called back again to the grace he had from the beginning? To whom did the setting upright of the fallen, the recall of the lost, the guidance of the one gone astray belong? To whom else than to the Lord of nature absolutely? For it was possible and at the same time fitting only for him who had given life from the beginning to call it back when it was lost. This is what we hear from the mystery of the truth, learning that God made man in the beginning and saved him when he had fallen.

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καὶ ἀνέκφραστοι ἀλγηδόνες, ὧν ἡ διήγησις ἐκ τοῦ ἴσου τὸ ἄφραστον ἔχει τῇ τῶν ἐλπιζομένων ἀγαθῶν φύσει. οὔτε γὰρ ταῦτα, οὔτε ἐκεῖνα τῇ δυνάμει τῶν λόγων ἢ τῷ στοχασμῷ τῆς διανοίας ὑπάγεται. οὐκοῦν πρὸς τὸ πέρας τις ἀποσκοπῶν τῆς σοφίας τοῦ τὸ πᾶν οἰκονομοῦντος οὐκέτ' ἂν εὐλόγως κακῶν αἴτιον τὸν τῶν ἀνθρώπων δημιουργὸν ὑπὸ μικροψυχίας κατονομάζοι, ἢ ἀγνοεῖν αὐτὸν τὸ ἐσόμενον λέγων, ἢ εἰδότα καὶ πεποιη κότα μὴ ἔξω τῆς πρὸς τὸ πονηρὸν ὁρμῆς εἶναι. καὶ γὰρ ᾔδει τὸ ἐσόμενον καὶ τὴν πρὸς τὸ γινόμενον ὁρμὴν οὐκ ἐκώλυσεν· ὅτι γὰρ ἐκτραπήσεται τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ τὸ ἀνθρώ πινον, οὐκ ἠγνόησεν ὁ πάντα ἐμπερικρατῶν τῇ γνωστικῇ δυνάμει καὶ τὸ ἐφεξῆς τῷ παρῳχηκότι κατὰ τὸ ἴσον βλέπων. ἀλλ' ὥσπερ τὴν παρατροπὴν ἐθεάσατο, οὕτω καὶ τὴν ἀνάκλησιν αὐτοῦ πάλιν τὴν πρὸς τὸ ἀγαθὸν κατε νόησε. τί οὖν ἄμεινον ἦν, καθ' ὅλου μὴ ἀγαγεῖν τὴν φύσιν ἡμῶν εἰς γένεσιν, ἐπειδὴ τοῦ καλοῦ διαμαρτήσεσθαι προεώρα τὸν γενησόμενον, ἢ ἀγαγόντα καὶ νενοσηκότα πάλιν πρὸς τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς χάριν διὰ μετανοίας ἀνακαλέ σασθαι; τὸ δὲ διὰ τὰς σωματικὰς ἀλγηδόνας, αἳ τῷ ῥευστῷ τῆς φύσεως κατ' ἀνάγκην ἐπισυμβαίνουσι, κακῶν ποιητὴν τὸν θεὸν ὀνομάζειν, ἢ μηδὲ ὅλως ἀνθρώπου κτίστην αὐτὸν οἴεσθαι, ὡς ἂν μὴ καὶ τῶν ἀλγυνόντων ἡμᾶς αἴτιος ὑπονοοῖτο, τοῦτο τῆς ἐσχάτης μικροψυχίας ἐστὶ τῶν τῇ αἰσθήσει τὸ καλὸν καὶ τὸ κακὸν διακρινόντων, οἳ οὐκ ἴσασιν ὅτι ἐκεῖνο τῇ φύσει μόνον ἐστὶν ἀγαθόν, οὗ ἡ αἴσθησις οὐκ ἐφάπτεται, καὶ μόνον ἐκεῖνο κακὸν ἡ τοῦ ἀληθινοῦ ἀγαθοῦ ἀλλοτρίωσις. πόνοις δὲ καὶ ἡδοναῖς τὸ καλὸν καὶ τὸ μὴ καλὸν κρίνειν τῆς ἀλόγου φύσεως ἴδιόν ἐστιν, ἐφ' ὧν τοῦ ἀληθῶς καλοῦ ἡ κατανόησις διὰ τὸ μὴ μετέχειν αὐτὰ νοῦ καὶ διανοίας χώραν οὐκ ἔχει. ἀλλ' ὅτι μὲν θεοῦ ἔργον ὁ ἄνθρωπος, καλόν τε καὶ ἐπὶ καλ λίστοις γενόμενον, οὐ μόνον ἐκ τῶν εἰρημένων δῆλόν ἐστιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐκ μυρίων ἑτέρων, ὧν τὸ πλῆθος διὰ τὴν ἀμε τρίαν παραδραμούμεθα. θεὸν δὲ ἀνθρώπου ποιητὴν ὀνο μάσαντες οὐκ ἐπιλελήσμεθα τῶν ἐν τῷ προοιμίῳ πρὸς τοὺς Ἕλληνας ἡμῖν διευκρινηθέντων, ἐν οἷς ἀπεδείκνυτο ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ λόγος οὐσιώδης τις καὶ ἐνυπόστατος ὢν αὐτὸς εἶναι καὶ θεὸς καὶ λόγος, πᾶσαν δύναμιν ποιητικὴν ἐμπεριει ληφώς, μᾶλλον δὲ αὐτοδύναμις ὢν καὶ πρὸς πᾶν ἀγαθὸν τὴν ὁρμὴν ἔχων καὶ πᾶν ὅ τι περ ἂν θελήσῃ κατεργαζό μενος τῷ σύνδρομον ἔχειν τῇ βουλήσει τὴν δύναμιν, οὗ καὶ θέλημα καὶ ἔργον ἐστὶν ἡ τῶν ὄντων ζωή, παρ' οὗ καὶ ὁ ἄνθρωπος εἰς τὸ ζῇν παρήχθη, πᾶσι τοῖς καλλίστοις θεο ειδῶς κεκοσμημένος. ἐπειδὴ δὲ μόνον ἀναλλοίωτόν ἐστι κατὰ τὴν φύσιν τὸ μὴ διὰ κτίσεως ἔχον τὴν γένεσιν, τὰ δ' ὅσα παρὰ τῆς ἀκτίστου φύσεως ἐκ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος ὑπέστη, εὐθὺς ἀπὸ τροπῆς τοῦ εἶναι ἀρξάμενα, πάντοτε δι' ἀλ λοιώσεως πρόεισιν, εἰ μὲν κατὰ φύσιν πράττοι, πρὸς τὸ κρεῖττον αὐτοῖς τῆς ἀλλοιώσεως εἰς ἀεὶ γιγνομένης, εἰ δὲ παρατραπείη τῆς εὐθείας, τῆς πρὸς τὸ ἐναντίον αὐτὰ δια δεχομένης κινήσεως· ἐπεὶ οὖν ἐν τούτοις καὶ ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἦν, ᾧ τὸ τρεπτὸν τῆς φύσεως πρὸς τὸ ἐναντίον παρώ λισθεν, ἅπαξ δὲ τῆς τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀναχωρήσεως δι' ἀκολούθου πᾶσαν ἰδέαν κακῶν ἀντεισαγούσης, ὡς τῇ μὲν ἀποστροφῇ τῆς ζωῆς ἀντεισαχθῆναι τὸν θάνατον, τῇ δὲ στερήσει τοῦ φωτὸς ἐπιγενέσθαι τὸ σκότος, τῇ δὲ τῆς ἀρετῆς ἀπουσίᾳ τὴν κακίαν ἀντεισαχθῆναι καὶ πάσῃ τῇ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἰδέᾳ τὸν τῶν ἐναντίων ἀνταριθμηθῆναι κατά λογον, τὸν ἐν τούτοις καὶ τοῖς τοιούτοις ἐξ ἀβουλίας ἐμπεπτωκότα· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἦν δυνατὸν ἐν φρονήσει εἶναι τὸν ἀπεστραμμένον τὴν φρόνησιν καὶ σοφόν τι βουλεύσασθαι τὸν τῆς σοφίας ἀναχωρήσαντα· διὰ τίνος ἔδει πάλιν πρὸς τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς χάριν ἀνακληθῆναι; τίνι διέφερεν ἡ τοῦ πεπτωκότος ἀνόρθωσις, ἡ τοῦ ἀπολωλότος ἀνά κλησις, ἡ τοῦ πεπλανημένου χειραγωγία; τίνι ἄλλῳ ἢ τῷ κυρίῳ πάντως τῆς φύσεως; τῷ γὰρ ἐξ ἀρχῆς τὴν ζωὴν δεδωκότι μόνῳ δυνατὸν ἦν καὶ πρέπον ἅμα καὶ ἀπολο μένην ἀνακαλέσασθαι. ὃ παρὰ τοῦ μυστηρίου τῆς ἀλη θείας ἀκούομεν, θεὸν πεποιηκέναι κατ' ἀρχὰς τὸν ἄνθρωπον καὶ σεσωκέναι διαπεπτωκότα μανθάνοντες.