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how is he other than God the Word, the Son of God? And if faith in him is eternal life, how is he not God by nature? For those who believe in a creature or in a prophet do not have eternal life, but only those who believe in the true God. And again: “Not that anyone has seen the Father, except he who is from God; he has seen the Father.” And again: “I am the living bread which came down from heaven.” And again: “What if you were to see the Son of man ascending to where he was before?” If the same one is not the pre-eternal Son of man and Son of God, how did he ascend to where he was before? For he ascended as man to where he was before as God, being the same one, at once both God and man. And again: “I lay down my life, that I may take it again. No one takes it from me, but I lay it down of my own accord. I have authority to lay it down, and I have authority to take it up again.” Who has authority over life and death, if not God alone? And again: “I and the Father are one.” A man will never say: I and God are one, nor: I and an angel are one, but neither would an angel say: I and God are one, or: I and a man are one. But no creature whatsoever will ever say: I and the creator are one. For concerning created things a man might perhaps say: I and an angel are one, with respect to being created, with respect to being a servant; but a creature is in no way one with the creator. And after a little, making a comparison of himself to those who are gods by position and not by nature, he says: “Is it not written in your law, 'I said, you are gods and all sons of the Most High'? If he called them gods to whom the word of God came—and Scripture cannot be broken—do you say of him whom the Father consecrated and sent into the world, 'You are blaspheming,' because I said, 'I am the Son of God'?” And showing that he is God and consubstantial with the Father, from the similarity of the works he says: “If I do not do the works of him who sent me, do not believe me; but if I do, even if you do not believe me, believe my works, that you may know and believe that I am in the Father and the Father is in me.” As he also says above: “For as the Father raises the dead and gives them life, so also the Son gives life to whom he will,” “because he is the Son of Man. Do not marvel at this, for an hour is coming and now is, when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God, and those who hear will live.” Having said: “As the Father raises the dead and gives them life,” he added: “So also the Son gives life to whom he will,” showing that the Son is life-giving by his own authority and by nature, just as the Father is, and not by grace. Then he adds: That this Son of God who is life-giving by nature “is the Son of Man.” He did not say: He is called the Son of Man, but “he is,” and “do not marvel at this,” he says, that “the Son of Man gives life.” For this Son of Man is the Son of God not by name nor by grace, but by nature, since he is life-giving by nature just as the Father, God by nature just as the Father. And again to Martha: “I am the resurrection and the life. He who believes in me, though he die, yet shall he live.” And again: “He who has seen me has seen the Father. Do you not believe that I am in the Father and the Father is in me?” And again: “And this is eternal life, that they know you the only true God, and Jesus, whom you have sent.” When Philip said: “Show us the Father, and it is enough for us,” the Lord, knowing that it is impossible to see God with bodily eyes and again that the knowledge of himself is the knowledge of the Father as consubstantial—for of those who are consubstantial the knowledge is one and the same—, says to him rather rebukingly: “Have I been with you so long, and you still do not know me, Philip?” For he knew him as a man, but he is rebuked for not having recognized him as God by faith and with the eyes of the mind. For if he had recognized him as God, he would have recognized the Father also; for he who has seen him, that is as God, has recognized the Father also. For he who recognizes him only as a man has not yet known the Father; for the Father is not a man.

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πῶς ἄλλος ἐστὶ παρὰ τὸν θεὸν λόγον, τὸν τοῦ θεοῦ υἱόν; Καὶ εἰ ἡ εἰς αὐτὸν πίστις ζωή ἐστιν αἰώνιος, πῶς οὐκ ἔστι φύσει θεός; Οὐ γὰρ οἱ εἰς κτίσμα πιστεύοντες ἢ εἰς προφήτην ἔχουσι ζωὴν αἰώνιον, ἀλλ' οἱ εἰς τὸν ἀληθῆ θεὸν μόνον. Καὶ πάλιν· «Οὐχ ὅτι τὸν πατέρα ἑώρακέ τις, εἰ μὴ ὁ ὢν παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, οὗτος ἑώρακε τὸν πατέρα.» Καὶ πάλιν· «Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ζῶν ὁ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβάς.» Καὶ πάλιν· «Ἐὰν οὖν θεωρῆτε τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἀναβαίνοντα, ὅπου ἦν τὸ πρότερον.» Εἰ μὴ ὁ αὐτός ἐστιν υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου καὶ υἱὸς θεοῦ ὁ προαιώνιος, πῶς, ὅπου ἦν τὸ πρότερον, ἀνέβη; Ἀνέβη μὲν γὰρ ὡς ἄνθρωπος, ὅπου ἦν τὸ πρότερον ὡς θεός, θεὸς ὢν ὁ αὐτὸς ὁμοῦ καὶ ἄνθρωπος. Καὶ πάλιν· «Ἐγὼ τίθημι τὴν ψυχήν μου, ἵνα πάλιν λάβω αὐτήν. Οὐδεὶς αἴρει αὐτὴν ἀπ' ἐμοῦ, ἀλλ' ἐγὼ τίθημι αὐτὴν ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ. Ἐξουσίαν ἔχω θεῖναι αὐτὴν καὶ ἐξουσίαν ἔχω πάλιν λαβεῖν αὐτήν.» Τίς ζωῆς καὶ θανάτου ἐξουσίαν ἔχει, εἰ μὴ θεὸς μόνος; Καὶ πάλιν· «Ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ πατὴρ ἕν ἐσμεν·» Οὐκ ἐρεῖ ποτε ἄνθρωπος· Ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ θεὸς ἕν ἐσμεν, οὐδέ· Ἐγὼ καὶ ἄγγελος ἕν ἐσμεν, ἀλλ' οὔτε ἄγγελος ἂν εἴποι· Ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ θεὸς ἕν ἐσμεν, ἤ· Ἐγὼ καὶ ἄνθρωπος ἕν ἐσμεν. Κατεξαίρετον δὲ κτίσμα οὐκ ἐρεῖ ποτε· Ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ δημιουργὸς ἕν ἐσμεν. Ἐπὶ γὰρ τῶν κτισμάτων τυχὸν ἂν εἴποι ἄνθρωπος· Ἐγὼ καὶ ἄγγελος ἕν ἐσμεν, κατὰ τὸ κτιστόν, κατὰ τὸ δοῦλον· κτίσμα δὲ τῷ κτίστῃ κατ' οὐδὲν ἕν. Καὶ μετ' ὀλίγα σύγκρισιν ἑαυτοῦ πρὸς τοὺς θέσει καὶ οὐ φύσει θεοὺς ποιούμενός φησιν· «Οὐκ ἔστιν γεγραμμένον ἐν τῷ νόμῳ ὑμῶν· Ἐγὼ εἶπα· Θεοί ἐστε καὶ υἱοὶ ὑψίστου πάντες; Εἰ ἐκείνους εἶπε θεούς, πρὸς οὓς ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ ἐγένετο, καὶ οὐ δύναται λυθῆναι ἡ γραφή, ὃν ὁ πατὴρ ἡγίασε καὶ ἀπέστειλεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον, ὑμεῖς λέγετε, ὅτι βλασφημεῖς, ὅτι εἶπον· Υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ εἰμι;» Καὶ δεικνύς, ὅτι θεός ἐστι καὶ τῷ πατρὶ ὁμοούσιος, ἐκ τῆς τῶν ἔργων ὁμοιότητός φησιν· «Εἰ οὐ ποιῶ τὰ ἔργα τοῦ πέμψαντός με, μὴ πιστεύετέ μοι· εἰ δὲ ποιῶ, κἂν ἐμοὶ μὴ πιστεύητε, τοῖς ἔργοις μου πιστεύετε, ἵνα γνῶτε καὶ πιστεύσητε, ὅτι ἐγὼ ἐν τῷ πατρὶ καὶ ὁ πατὴρ ἐν ἐμοί.» Ὡς καὶ ἀνωτέρω φησίν· «Ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ πατὴρ ἐγείρει τοὺς νεκροὺς καὶ ζωοποιεῖ, οὕτω καὶ ὁ υἱός, οὓς θέλει, ζωοποιεῖ,» «ὅτι υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἐστί. Μὴ θαυμάζετε τοῦτο, ὅτι ἔρχεται ὥρα καὶ νῦν ἐστιν, ὅτε οἱ νεκροὶ ἀκούσονται τῆς φωνῆς τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ οἱ ἀκούσαντες ζήσονται.» Εἰπών· «Ὥσπερ ὁ πατὴρ ἐγείρει τοὺς νεκροὺς καὶ ζωοποιεῖ», ἐπήγαγε· «Οὕτως καὶ ὁ υἱός, οὓς θέλει, ζωοποιεῖ» δεικνύς, ὅτι αὐτεξουσίως καὶ φύσει ἐστὶ ζωοποιὸς ὁ υἱὸς ὡς καὶ ὁ πατὴρ καὶ οὐ χάριτι. Εἶτα ἐπάγει· Ὅτι οὗτος ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ ὁ φύσει ζωοποιὸς «υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἐστίν.» Οὐκ εἶπε· Υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου λέγεται, ἀλλ' «ἔστι», καὶ «μὴ θαυμάζετε τοῦτο», φησίν, ὅτι «υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ζωοποιεῖ». Οὗτος γὰρ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου υἱός ἐστι τοῦ θεοῦ οὐκ ὀνόματι οὐδὲ χάριτι, ἀλλὰ φύσει, ἐπειδὴ φύσει ζωοποιὸς ὥσπερ ὁ πατὴρ φύσει θεὸς ὥσπερ καὶ ὁ πατήρ. Καὶ πάλιν πρὸς τὴν Μάρθαν· «Ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἀνάστασις καὶ ἡ ζωή. Ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμέ, κἂν ἀποθάνῃ, ζήσεται.» Καὶ πάλιν· «Ὁ ἑωρακὼς ἐμὲ ἑώρακε τὸν πατέρα. Οὐ πιστεύεις, ὅτι ἐγὼ ἐν τῷ πατρὶ καὶ ὁ πατὴρ ἐν ἐμοί;» Καὶ πάλιν· «Αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ αἰώνιος ζωή, ἵνα γινώσκωσί σε τὸν μόνον ἀληθινὸν θεὸν καί, ὃν ἀπέστειλας, Ἰησοῦν.» Τοῦ Φιλίππου εἰπόντος· «∆εῖξον ἡμῖν τὸν πατέρα, καὶ ἀρκεῖ ἡμῖν,» εἰδὼς ὁ κύριος, ὡς ἀμήχανον σωματικοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς θεὸν ὁρᾶν αὖθις τε ὡς ἡ αὐτοῦ ἐπίγνωσις τοῦ πατρός ἐστιν ἐπίγνωσις ὡς ὁμοουσίου-τῶν γὰρ ὁμοουσίων μία καὶ ἡ αὐτὴ γνῶσις-, ἐπιπληκτικώτερόν φησι πρὸς αὐτόν· «Τοσοῦτον χρόνον ἔχω μεθ' ὑμῶν καὶ οὐκ ἔγνωκάς με, Φίλιππε;» Ἔγνω μὲν γὰρ αὐτὸν ἄνθρωπον, ἀλλ' ἐπιπλήττεται ὡς μὴ θεὸν αὐτὸν πίστει καὶ διανοίας ἐπεγνωκὼς ὄμμασιν. Εἰ γὰρ αὐτὸν ἐπεγνώκει θεόν, ἐπέγνω ἂν καὶ τὸν πατέρα· ὁ γὰρ ἑωρακὼς αὐτόν, θεὸν δηλαδή, ἐπέγνω καὶ τὸν πατέρα. Οὐ γὰρ ὁ ἄνθρωπον αὐτὸν ἐπιγνοὺς μόνον ἤδη καὶ τὸν πατέρα ἔγνω· οὐ γὰρ ἄνθρωπος ὁ πατήρ.