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of the Spirit, even if the forms of its energies are many and the characteristics of its virtues are many, of which the first and most necessary is humility, as a beginning and foundation—“For upon whom,” he says, “shall I look, but upon the one who is meek and quiet and trembles at my words?”, second is mourning and the fount of tears, about which I wish to say many things and am at a loss for words with which to express what I have purposed concerning them; for it is an ineffable wonder that, flowing through the sensible eyes, they wash the soul intellectually of the mire of sins and falling to the earth, they burn and cast down demons and work the soul free from the invisible bonds of sin. O tears, that gush forth from divine illumination and open heaven itself and procure for me divine comfort. For again and often, out of pleasure and longing, I utter the same things. Where there is an abundance of tears, brothers, with true knowledge, there is also the radiance of divine light. And where there is the dawn of light, there is a supply of all good things and the seal of the Holy Spirit implanted in the heart, from which also come all the fruits of life; from here meekness bears fruit for Christ, (38) peace, mercy, compassion, kindness, goodness, faith, self-control, from here comes loving one’s enemies and praying for them, rejoicing in temptations, boasting in afflictions, considering and weeping for the faults of others as one’s own, willingly laying down one’s soul unto death for the brothers.

Therefore let us see, brothers, and let us examine ourselves accurately and learn of our souls, whether this seal is in us. Let us recognize from the aforesaid signs whether Christ is in us. Hear, I beseech you, Christian brothers, and become sober and consider if the light has shone in your hearts, if you have beheld the great light of recognition, if the dayspring from on high has visited us, appearing to us who sit in darkness and the shadow of death, and let us continually send up glory with thanksgiving to the good Master who has granted this to us, and let us strive to nourish more abundantly the divine fire within ourselves through the working of the commandments, by which the divine light is accustomed to shine and be magnified the more. But if we have not yet received Christ or his seal and do not recognize the aforesaid signs in ourselves, but rather, on the contrary, the deceitful world lives in us and we live miserably in it, considering temporal things to be something great, and we fall down in afflictions and are vexed at losses and delight in luxury and wealth, alas for the loss, alas for the ignorance and darkness, alas for our wretchedness and insensibility, (39) by which we are held fast and by which we are dragged down to earthly things. Truly we are pitiable and all-wretched and strangers to eternal life itself and to the kingdom of heaven, no longer possessing Christ in ourselves, but also having the world living in us as living in it, and setting our minds on earthly things. But one who is so disposed is an outright enemy of God; for attachment to the world is enmity to God, as the divine apostle says: “Do not love the world, nor the things in the world,” because no one is able to serve God and live according to man, since all the things of the world are hindrances to love and pleasing God.

For who, loving glory and honor from men, will ever hold himself last and lowliest of all and become humble in spirit or contrite in heart or ever be able to mourn at all? And who, loving wealth, being overcome by avarice and covetousness, may become merciful and compassionate, and will not be fiercer and harsher than any wild beast? Who, being overcome by vainglory and possessed by conceit, will ever be rid of envy or malice? And he who is also bent toward the passions of the flesh and to the mire of pleasures

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τοῦ Πνεύματος, εἰ καί πολλαί τῶν ἐνεργειῶν αὐτῆς αἱ ἰδέαι καί πολλά τῶν ἀρετῶν αὐτῆς τά γνωρίσματα, ὧν πρῶτον καί ἀναγκαιότερόν ἐστιν ἡ ταπείνωσις, ὡς ἀρχή καί θεμέλιος -"Ἐπί τίνα γάρ, φησίν, ἐπιβλέψω, ἀλλ᾿ ἤ ἐπί τόν πρᾶον καί ἡσύχιον καί τρέμοντά μου τούς λόγους", δεύτερον τό πένθος καί ἡ τῶν δακρύων πηγή, περί ὧν θέλω λέγειν πολλά καί ἀπορῶ λόγων, δι᾿ ὧν ἐκφράσαι τά περί τούτων προῄρημαι· θαῦμα γάρ ἀνεκλάλητον, ὅτι διά τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αἰσθητῶν ῥέοντα τήν ψυχήν νοερῶς τοῦ βορβόρου τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ἐκπλύνουσι καί εἰς γῆν πίπτοντα τούς δαίμονας φλέγουσι καί καταράσσουσι καί τήν ψυχήν ἐλευθέραν ἐργάζονται τῶν ἀοράτων τῆς ἁμαρτίας δεσμῶν. Ὦ δάκρυα, τά ἐκ θείας ἐλλάμψεως βλύζοντα καί αὐτόν τόν οὐρανόν διανοίγοντα καί προξενοῦντά μοι θείαν παράκλησιν. Πάλιν γάρ καί πολλάκις ὑφ᾿ ἡδονῆς καί πόθου τά αὐτά φθέγγομαι. Ὅπου δακρύων πληθύς, ἀδελφοί, μετά γνώσεως ἀληθοῦς ἐκεῖ καί θείου φωτός αὔγασις. Ὅπου δέ φωτός αὐγή, πάντων ἐκεῖ τῶν καλῶν χορηγία καί ἡ σφραγίς τοῦ Πνεύματος τοῦ Ἁγίου ἐμπεφυτευμένη ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ, ἐξ οὗ καί πάντες οἱ καρποί τῆς ζωῆς· ἐντεῦθεν πραότης καρποφορεῖται Χριστῷ, (38) εἰρήνη, ἐλεημοσύνη, συμπάθεια, χρηστότης, ἀγαθωσύνη, πίστις, ἐγκράτεια, ἐντεῦθεν τό ἀγαπᾶν τούς ἐχθρούς καί ὑπέρ αὐτῶν εὔχεσθαι, τό χαίρειν ἐν τοῖς πειρασμοῖς, τό ἐγκαυχᾶσθαι ἐν ταῖς θλίψεσι, τό τά ἀλλότρια πταίσματα ὡς ἴδια λογίζεσθαί τε καί κλαίειν, τό τήν ψυχήν τιθέναι ὑπέρ τῶν ἀδελφῶν προθύμως εἰς θάνατον.

Τοιγαροῦν ἴδωμεν, ἀδελφοί, καί ἀκριβῶς ἑαυτούς ἐξετάσωμεν καί καταμάθωμεν τάς ψυχάς ἡμῶν, εἰ ἐν ἡμῖν ἐστιν αὕτη ἡ σφραγίς. Ἐπιγνωσώμεθα εἰ ἐν ἡμῖν ὁ Χριστός ἐστιν, ἐκ τῶν εἰρημένων σημείων. Ἀκούσατε, παρακαλῶ, χριστιανοί ἀδελφοί, καί ἀνανήψατε καί σκοπήσατε εἰ τό φῶς ἔλαμψεν ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν, εἰ φῶς ἐθεάσασθε τό μέγα τῆς ἐπιγνώσεως, εἰ ἐπεσκέψατο ἡμᾶς ἀνατολή ἐξ ὕψους ἐπιφαίνουσα ἐν σκότει καί σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις ἡμῖν, καί δόξαν μετ᾿ εὐχαριστίας τῷ δωρησαμένῳ ταύτην ἡμῖν ἀγαθῷ ∆εσπότῃ διηνεκῶς ἀναπέμπωμεν καί ἀγωνισώμεθα τό θεῖον πῦρ διά τῆς τῶν ἐντολῶν ἐργασίας ἐν ἑαυτοῖς θρέψαι περισσοτέρως, δι᾿ οὗ τό θεῖον φῶς ἐπί πλεῖον φαίνειν καί μεγαλύνεσθαι εἴωθεν. Εἰ δέ οὔπω τόν Χριστόν ἤ τήν ἐκείνου σφραγῖδα ἐλάβομεν καί τά προειρημένα σημεῖα ἐν ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς οὐ γνωρίζομεν, ἀλλά τοὐναντίον μᾶλλον ἐν ἡμῖν ὁ κόσμος ὁ δόλιος ζῇ καί ἡμεῖς ἐν αὐτῷ δυστυχῶς ζῶμεν μέγα τι εἶναι τά πρόσκαιρα ἡγούμενοι καί καταπίπτομεν ἐν ταῖς θλίψεσι καί ἐπί ταῖς ζημίαις δακνόμεθα καί τῇ τρυφῇ καί τῷ πλούτῳ ἐνεφραινόμεθα, φεῦ τῆς ζημίας, φεῦ τῆς ἀγνοίας καί τῆς σκοτώσεως, φεῦ τῆς ταλαιπωρίας καί τῆς ἀναισθησίας ἡμῶν, (39) ὑφ᾿ ὧν κρατούμεθα καί ὑφ᾿ ὧν εἰς τά γήϊνα κατασπώμεθα. Ὄντως ἐλεεινοί καί πανάθλιοι καί αὐτῆς τῆς αἰωνίου ζωῆς καί τῆς τῶν οὐρανῶν βασιλείας ἀλλότριοί ἐσμεν, μηκέτι ἐν ἑαυτοῖς κτησάμενοι τόν Χριστόν, ἀλλά καί τόν κόσμον ζῶντα ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ἔχοντες ὡς ἐν αὐτῷ ζῶντες, καί φρονοῦντες τά γήϊνα. Ὁ δέ οὕτως ἔχων ἐχθρός ἐστιν ἄντικρυς τοῦ Θεοῦ· ἔχθρα γάρ ἐστιν εἰς Θεόν ἡ τοῦ κόσμου προσπάθεια, καθώς φησιν ὁ θεῖος ἀπόστολος·"Μή ἀγαπᾶτε τόν κόσμον, μηδέ τά ἐν κόσμῳ", ὅτι οὐδείς δύναται Θεῷ δουλεύειν καί κατά ἄνθρωπον ζῆν, ἐπειδή πάντα τά τοῦ κόσμου ἐμπόδιά εἰσι τῆς πρός Θεόν ἀγάπης καί εὐαρεστήσεως.

Τίς γάρ, ἀγαπῶν τήν δόξαν καί τήν παρά ἀνθρώπων τιμήν, ἔσχατον πάντων καί εὐτελέστερον ἕξει ποτέ ἑαυτόν καί ταπεινός τῷ πνεύματι ἤ τήν καρδίαν συντετριμμένος γενήσεται ἤ πενθῆσαί ποτε κἄν ὅλως δυνήσεται; Τίς δέ πλοῦτον ἀγαπῶν φιλαργυρίᾳ τε καί φιλοκτημοσύνῃ κρατούμενος, ἐλεήμων γένηται καί συμπαθής καί οὐχί παντός θηρίου ἀγριώτερος ἔσται καί ἀπηνέστερος; Τίς κενοδοξίᾳ κρατούμενος καί οἰήσει κατεχόμενος, φθόνου ποτέ ἤ βασκανίας ἀπαλλαγήσεται; Ὁ δέ καί πρός τά τῆς σαρκός πάθη καμπτόμενος καί τῷ βορβόρῳ τῶν ἡδονῶν