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against the Italians and the Persians. For he had become the beginning of the Roman rule, for which it has been established as altogether necessary for the Romans to owe him much thanks. And his corpse was laid to rest in the monastery of Hyacinthos, where also the emperor Alexios is buried and the empress Anna his wife.

19 As I have said, then, after his death, John Doukas his son-in-law took up the Roman scepters, having been crowned by the patriarch Manuel, who succeeded Maximos. For after the death of the patriarch Michael, Theodore Eirenikos was installed on the patriarchal throne, who was also called Kopas by many; and after he had departed this life six years later, the monk Maximos was raised to the patriarchal throne, serving the women's quarters and being served in return by them; for there was nothing else that had raised him to this high position. But having survived for six months, he died, and Manuel was raised to the patriarchal throne, being a philosopher, as it seemed, and so called by many.

20 And the account proceeds again to the affairs of the Bulgarians. The first emperor of the Bulgarians, Asan, had two sons, John and Alexander. So while the aforementioned Boril was ruling the Bulgarians as emperor, John the son of Asan, becoming an exile, went to the lands of the Russians, and having remained there for a considerable time and having gathered to himself some of the Russian rabble, he reclaimed his paternal inheritance, and made war on Boril and defeated him and became master of no small amount of territory. But Boril entered within Tarnovo and for seven years was besieged inside the walls. And when those with him grew weary, they went over to John Asan. And while fleeing, Boril was captured and was blinded by John, and thus John became master of all the Bulgarian lands. And so much for the affairs of the Bulgarians.

21 But Theodore Komnenos, whom the account has just related, not wishing to remain in his own rank but having usurped the imperial office, since he had become master of Thessaloniki and had brought under his own power much of the land of Romania from that which was held by the Italians, and also that which had been subdued by the Bulgarians, he both put on the purple robe and wore red sandals, although the metropolitan of Thessaloniki, Constantine Mesopotamites, most steadfastly opposed him in this, whom for these reasons he subjected to many hardships and exiles, as he held to the canonical customs. But Demetrios, the archbishop of Bulgaria, placed the imperial diadem on him, being, as he claimed, autonomous and owing an account to no one, and for these reasons having the authority to anoint emperors whomsoever and wherever and whenever he might wish. Therefore, Theodore, having been proclaimed emperor, managed affairs in an imperial manner, appointing despots and sebastokrators and grand domestics, protovestiarioi and all the rest of the imperial order. But being unsuited for the institutions of the empire, he dealt with matters more in a Bulgarian or rather a barbarian manner, knowing neither order nor system nor what ancient customs have been established in the imperial court. He was no small opponent to the emperor John. For the emperor demanded that he take second place in the empire and be master of his own land and in nothing else submit to him; but he resisted more stoutly.

22 So then, the emperor John, having recently taken up the scepters and seeing the Roman empire to be in extremely dire straits, not enduring to rule among many, after two years had passed, he made war against the Italians. And a worthy Latin army was gathered, whose champions were the

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πρὸς Ἰταλοὺς καὶ τοὺς Πέρσας. ἀρχὴ γοῦν οὗτος ἐγεγόνει τῆς τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἀρχῆς, ᾧ καὶ πολλὴν χάριν ὄφλειν τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις πάνυ δέον καθέστηκε. κατετέθη δὲ ὁ νεκρὸς αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ τοῦ Ὑακίνθου μονῇ, ἔνθα καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς Ἀλέξιος τέθαπται καὶ ἡ βασιλὶς Ἄννα ἡ τούτου σύζυγος.

19 Καθὼς γοῦν εἰρήκειν, μετὰ τὴν τελευτὴν αὐτοῦ ἐπιλαμβάνεται τῶν Ῥωμαϊκῶν σκήπτρων Ἰωάννης ὁ ∆ούκας ὁ γαμβρὸς αὐτοῦ, στεφθεὶς παρὰ τοῦ πατριάρχου Μανουήλ, ὃς τὸν Μάξιμον διεδέξατο. μετὰ γὰρ τὴν τελευτὴν τοῦ πατριάρχου Μιχαὴλ ὁ Εἰρηνικὸς Θεόδωρος τῷ πατριαρχικῷ ἐνίδρυται θρόνῳ, ὃς καὶ Κωπᾶς ὑπὸ τῶν πολλῶν ἐκαλεῖτο· μετὰ δὲ ἐνιαυτοὺς ἓξ ἐκείνου τὸν βίον ἀπολιπόντος ὁ μονα χὸς Μάξιμος εἰς τὸν πατριαρχικὸν ἀνάγεται θρόνον, θερα πεύων τὴν γυναικωνίτιδα καὶ ὑπὸ ταύτης ἀντιθεραπευόμενος· οὐδὲν γὰρ ἄλλο ἦν τὸ εἰς ταύτην ἀναβιβάσαν αὐτὸν τὴν περιωπήν. ἐπιβιοὺς δὲ μῆνας ἓξ τελευτᾷ, καὶ ὁ Μανουὴλ εἰς τὸν πατριαρχικὸν ἀνάγεται θρόνον, φιλόσοφος, ὡς ἐδό κει, ὢν καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν πολλῶν κατονομαζόμενος.

20 Ἐπὶ δὲ τὰ Βουλγάρων καὶ αὖθις ὁ λόγος χωρεῖ. ὁ πρῶτος βασιλεὺς τῶν Βουλγάρων Ἀσὰν δύο ἔσχεν υἱούς, τὸν Ἰωάννην καὶ τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον. τοῦ γοῦν εἰρημένου Βορίλλα βασιλικῶς τῶν Βουλγάρων κατάρχοντος, ὁ τοῦ Ἀσὰν υἱὸς Ἰωάννης φυγαδείᾳ χρησάμενος περὶ τὰ τῶν Ῥώσωνχωρεῖ, ἐκεῖσέ τε χρόνον ἐφ' ἱκανὸν διαμείνας καί τινας τῶν συγκλύδων Ῥώσων ἐν ἑαυτῷ περιαγαγών, τὴν πατρικὴν ἀνακαλεῖται κληρονομίαν, καὶ πολεμεῖ τῷ Βορίλλᾳ καὶ νικᾷ τοῦτον καὶ χώρας ἐγκρατὴς οὐκ ὀλίγης γίνεται. ὁ δὲ Βο ρίλλας ἔνδον εἰσέρχεται τοῦ Τρινόβου καὶ ἐπὶ ἑπτὰ ἔτεσι τειχήρης ἔσω πολιορκεῖται. ἐπεὶ δὲ ἀπέκαμον οἱ συνόντες αὐτῷ, τῷ Ἀσὰν Ἰωάννῃ προσέρχονται. φεύγων δὲ ἁλίσκεται ὁ Βορίλλας καὶ παρὰ τοῦ Ἰωάννου τυφλοῦται, καὶ οὕτως ἐγκρατὴς τῆς τῶν Βουλγάρων ἁπάσης ὁ Ἰωάννης γεγένηται. καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐν τοῖς Βουλγάροις τοσαῦτα.

21 Ὁ δὲ Κομνηνὸς Θεόδωρος, ὃν πρὸ μικροῦ ὁ λόγος ἱστόρησε, μὴ θέλων μένειν ἐν τῇ οἰκείᾳ τάξει ἀλλὰ τὰ τῆς βασιλείας σφετερισάμενος, ἐπειδὴ τῆς Θεσσαλονίκης γέγονεν ἐγκρατὴς πολλήν τε χώραν τῆς Ῥωμαΐδος ἐκ τῆς κεκρατημένης παρὰ τῶν Ἰταλῶν ὑφ' ἑαυτὸν ἐποιήσατο, ἔτι δὲ καὶ τῆς παρὰ τῶν Βουλγάρων κεχειρωμένης, πορφυρίδα τε ὑπεν δύεται καὶ ἐρυθρὰ περιβάλλεται πέδιλα, ἀντιστάντος αὐτῷ ἐπὶ τούτῳ στερρότατα τοῦ μητροπολίτου Θεσσαλονίκης Κων σταντίνου τοῦ Μεσοποταμίτου, ὃν καὶ πολλαῖς κακουχίαις καὶ ἐξορίαις διὰ ταῦτα ὑπέβαλε τῶν κανονικῶν ἐθῶν ἀντε χόμενον. ὁ δὲ Βουλγαρίας ἀρχιεπίσκοπος ∆ημήτριος τὸ βασιλικὸν περιδιδύσκει τοῦτον διάδημα, ὡς ἔφασκεν, αὐτόνο μος ὢν καὶ μηδενὶ εὐθύνας ὀφείλων δοῦναι, καὶ διὰ ταῦτα ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν βασιλέας χρίειν οὕς τε ἂν καὶ ὅπου καὶ ὅτε βούλοιτο. βασιλεὺς οὖν ἀναγορευθεὶς ὁ Θεόδωρος βασιλι κῶς ἐχρῆτο τοῖς πράγμασι, δεσπότας τε προυβάλλετο καὶ σεβαστοκράτορας μεγάλους τε δομεστίκους, πρωτοβεστιαρίους καὶ τὴν λοιπὴν πᾶσαν τάξιν βασιλικήν. ἀφυῶς δὲ ἔχων περὶ τοὺς τῆς βασιλείας θεσμοὺς Βουλγαρικώτερον ἢ μᾶλλον βαρβαρικώτερον ταῖς ὑποθέσεσι προσεφέρετο, οὐ τάξιν γι νώσκων οὐδὲ κατάστασιν οὐδὲ ὅσα ἐν τοῖς βασιλείοις ἀρχαῖα ἔθιμα καθεστήκασιν. οὗτος οὐ μικρῶς τῷ βασιλεῖ ἀντε φέρετο Ἰωάννῃ. ὁ μὲν γὰρ βασιλεὺς ἠξίου αὐτὸν τῶν δευ τερείων μετέχειν τῆς βασιλείας καὶ τῆς χώρας αὐτοῦ ἐγκρατῆ εἶναι καὶ κατ' οὐδὲν ἄλλο ὑπείκειν αὐτῷ· ὁ δὲ ἀντέβαινε στερεώτερον.

22 Ὁ μὲν οὖν βασιλεὺς Ἰωάννης ἄρτι τῶν σκήπτρων ἐπειλημμένος καὶ κομιδῇ ἐν στενῷ οὖσαν τὴν τῶν Ῥω μαίων τεθεαμένος ἀρχήν, οὐκ ἀνασχόμενος ἐν πολλοστοῖς βα σιλεύειν, δύο παραδραμόντων ἐνιαυτῶν μάχην ποιεῖται μετὰ τῶν Ἰταλῶν. καὶ συνάγεται στράτευμα Λατινικὸν ἀξιό μαχον, οὗ προυμάχοντο οἱ τοῦ