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referring to her. But for Hesiod, it was not enough to be moved by one demon, since he was a poet of the knowledge of God, wherefore he draws nine to himself at the same time, now from Pieria, now from Helicon, most justly; for indeed, having been given it by them, while tending swine on the mountain, having eaten of the Heliconian laurel, he was filled with all manner of wisdom. And to another, another of the gods "gave the fruit of his own strength". Another becomes a witness for himself, saying, "I learned all things" "by the god-counseled muse". And another, upon his own soul, alas, prays for the entire chorus of the muses to dance, so that perhaps from Heptapora the daughter of Pierus he might learn the seven zones and the seven wandering stars and all things concerning them, and from Urania the daughter of Zeus all other astrology, and from the rest and their corresponding overseers below, the things upon the earth.

What then do you say, shall we say that those who so clearly say such things about themselves have the wisdom of God? No, not as long as we are masters of ourselves and servants of the true wisdom, which does not enter into a soul given to evil arts and friendly to demons; and even if it should enter first, when the soul changes for the worse, it flies away. "For the holy spirit of discipline will rise up against thoughts that are without understanding," according to Solomon, who was blessed with the wisdom of God and (p. 100) and wrote concerning it. And what is more witless than those who are proud of being initiated by demons and who attribute to them the provision of their wisdom? For we are not speaking simply about philosophy in what we now say, but about the philosophy of such men. For if according to Paul one cannot "drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons," how could one have the wisdom of God and be inspired by demons? This cannot be, it cannot. For though Paul does say that "in the wisdom of God the world did not know God," he did not call the wisdom engendered in those unwise wise men "the wisdom of God"—far from it—but rather that which was instilled by the creator in his creations, which he who understands, it being a messenger of God, came to know God who is announced through it, and has true knowledge of existing things and the wisdom of God in another way, having become a discerner of God's wisdom. "For," says the great Dionysius, "true philosophers ought to have been led up through the knowledge of existing things to the cause of existing things."

If, therefore, the true philosopher is led up to the cause, he who is not led up is not true, nor does he have wisdom, but rather a deceptive phantom of true wisdom and a privation of wisdom, but not wisdom. How, then, could one call the privation of wisdom "the wisdom of God"? Besides, the demonic mind, insofar as it is a mind, is good, but insofar as it uses itself badly, it is evil; and yet, though it knows the measures of the world, the passages and conjunctions and boundaries of moving things better than we do, by not using its knowledge in a God-loving way, it is a mindless and darkened mind. In the same way, then, the wisdom of the Greeks also, through the (p. 102) wisdom of God in creation, according to which He made the generation of one thing the corruption of another, by attempting to show that God is not Lord of all, nor creator of the universe, by not perceiving that nothing comes to be from nothing in any way, and thus rejecting the worship of the true God and using divine things unholily for divine matters, according to the great Dionysius himself, and on account of this becoming foolish and unwise—how could it be the wisdom of God. Therefore Paul also, showing us here a twofold form of wisdom, says, "in the wisdom of God, through wisdom the world did not know God." Do you see that he called one the wisdom of God, but the other mere wisdom and the cause of not knowing God? And this is the one discovered by the Greeks, other than the wisdom of God, made manifest by the doubling of the name "wisdom". For what does this divinely wise man go on to say? "But we speak the wisdom of God"; so then are they according to him or is he according to them? By no means; wherefore he himself, forbidding this, "wisdom"

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ἐπ᾿ αὐτήν ἀναφέρων. Ἡσιόδῳ δ᾿ οὐκ ἀπέχρησεν ὑφ᾿ ἑνός ἐνεργεῖσθαι δαίμονος, ἅτε τῆς θεογνωσίας ὄντι ποιητῇ, διόπερ ἐννέα κατά τἀυτό πρός ἑαυτόν ἐπισπᾶται, νῦν μέν ἐκ Πιερίας νῦν δ᾿ ἐξ Ἑλικῶνος, δικαιότατα˙ καί γάρ ὑπ᾿ αὐτῶν αὐτῷ δοθείσης, ὕας βόσκοντι κατ᾿ οὖρος, δάφνης φαγῶν ἑλικωνίτιδος, σοφίης ἐμπέπληστο παντοίης. Ἄλλῳ δ᾿ ἄλλος θεῶν «ἑῆς ἐνεκάρπισεν ἀλκῆς». Ἕτερος δ᾿ ἑαυτοῦ μάρτυς γίνεται, «πάντ᾿ ἐδάην» λέγων «μούσᾳ θεόφραδι». Ἄλλος δ᾿ ἐπί τῆς ἑαυτοῦ ψυχῆς, πάντα φεῦ χορεῦσαι τόν μουσῶν ἐπεύχεται χορόν, ὡς ὑπό μέν Ἑπταπόρης τάχα τῆς Πιέρου τάς ἑπτά μάθοι ζώνας καί τούς ἑπτά ἀστέρας τούς πλανήτας καί ὅσα κατ᾿ αὐτούς, ὑπό δ᾿ Οὐρανίας τῆς ∆ιός τήν ἄλλην πᾶσαν ἀστρολογίαν, ὑπό δέ τῶν ὑπολοίπων καί κατ᾿ αὐτούς ἐφόρων τῶν κάτω τά ἐπί γῆς.

Τί δή φῄς, σοφίαν ἐροῦμεν ἔχειν Θεοῦ τούς τοιαῦτα περί σφῶν αὐτῶν λέγοντας ἀριδήλως; Οὐχ, ἕως ἄν ἡμῶν αὐτῶν ὦμεν καί τῆς ὄντως σοφίας θεραπευταί, ἥτις εἰς κακότεχνον καί δαίμοσι φίλην οὐκ εἰσέρχεται ψυχήν˙ κἄν εἰσελθοῦσα φθάσῃ, μεταβαλούσης ἐπί τό χεῖρον ἀφίπταται. «Πνεῦμα γάρ ἅγιον παιδείας ἐπαναστήσεται ἀπό λογισμῶν ἀσυνέτων», κατά Σολομῶντα τόν Θεοῦ σοφίας εὐμοιρηκότα καί (σελ. 100) καί περί αὐτῆς συγγραψάμενον. Τί δέ ἀσυνετώτερον τῶν μέγα φρονούντων ἐπί τῷ δαίμοσι τελεῖσθαι καί προσμαρτυρούντων ἐκείνοις τήν χορηγίαν τῆς σφετέρας σοφίας; Οὐ γάρ περί φιλοσοφίας ἡμεῖς ἁπλῶς λέγομεν ἅττα λέγομεν νῦν, ἀλλά περί τῆς τῶν τοιούτων φιλοσοφίας. Εἰ γάρ καί κατά Παῦλον οὐ δύναταί τις «ποτήριον Κυρίου πίνειν καί ποτήριον δαιμονίων», πῶς ἄν δυνηθείη τις Θεοῦ σοφίαν ἔχειν καί ὑπό δαιμόνων ἐμπνεῖσθαι; Οὐκ ἔστι τοῦτο, οὐκ ἔστιν. Εἰ γάρ καί Παῦλος ἔστιν οὗ φησιν ὡς «ἐν σοφίᾳ τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐκ ἔγνω ὁ κόσμος τόν Θεόν», οὐ τήν ἐν τοῖς ἀσόφοις ἐκείνοις ἐγγεγενημένην σοφοῖς «Θεοῦ σοφίαν» ἐκάλεσεν, ἄπαγε, τήν δ᾿ ἐγκαταβεβλημένην ὑπό τοῦ κτίστου τοῖς κτίσμασιν, ἥν ὁ γνούς ἄγγελον οὖσαν Θεοῦ, Θεόν ἐπέγνω τόν δι᾿ αὐτῆς ἀγγελλόμενον καί γνῶσιν ἔχει τῶν ὄντων ἀληθῆ καί Θεοῦ σοφίαν τρόπον ἕτερον, Θεοῦ σοφίας ἐπιγνώμων γενόμενος. «Ἐχρῆν γάρ», φησίν ὁ μέγας ∆ιονύσιος, «διά τῆς γνώσεως τῶν ὄντων πρός τόν αἴτιον τῶν ὄντων ἀνάγεσθαι τούς γε ἀληθεῖς φιλοσόφους».

Εἰ γοῦν ὁ ἀληθής φιλόσοφος ἀνάγεται πρός τόν αἴτιον, ὁ μή ἀναγόμενος οὐκ ἀληθής, οὐδ᾿ ἔχων σοφίαν, ἀλλ᾿ οἷον σοφίας ἀληθινῆς ἀπατηλόν εἴδωλον καί στέρησιν σοφίας, ἀλλ᾿ οὐ σοφίαν. Τήν γοῦν τῆς σοφίας στέρησιν, πῶς ἄν εἴη «Θεοῦ σοφίαν» προσεπεῖν; Ἄλλως τε καί ὁ δαιμόνιος νοῦς, ᾗ νοῦς, καλόν, ᾗ δ᾿ ἑαυτῷ κακῶς χρῆται, πονηρόν˙ καίτοι μέτρα κόσμου, διεξόδους τε καί συνόδους καί διορισμούς τῶν κινουμένων κρεῖττον οἶδεν ἠ καθ᾿ ἡμᾶς, μή θεοφιλῶς δέ τῇ γνώσει χρώμενος, νοῦς ἐστιν ἄνους καί ἐσκοτισμένος. Τόν ἴσον ἄρα τρόπον καί ἡ καθ᾿ Ἕλληνας σοφία διά τῆς ἐν τοῖς (σελ. 102) κτίσμασι Θεοῦ σοφίας, καθ᾿ ἥν τήν ἑτέρου φθοράν γένεσιν ἐποίησεν ἑτέρου, πειρωμένη δεῖξαι τόν Θεόν οὐ τῶν ὅλων Κύριον, οὐδέ κτίστην τοῦ παντός, τῷ μή συνορᾶν μηδέν ἐκ μηδαμῇ μηδαμῶς γινόμενον καί οὕτω τό τοῦ ὄντως Θεοῦ ἀποσαμένη σέβας καί τοῖς θείοις οὐχ ὁσίως, κατ᾿ αὐτόν τόν μέγαν ∆ιονύσιον ἐπί τά θεῖα χρησαμένη καί παρά τοῦτο μωρά καί ἄσοφος γεγονυῖα, πῶς ἄν εἴη Θεοῦ σοφία. ∆ιό καί ὁ Παῦλος διττόν ἡμῖν ἐνταυθοῖ δεικνύς τό τῆς σοφίας εἶδος, «ἐν σοφίᾳ», φησί, «Θεοῦ, διά τῆς σοφίας οὐκ ἔγνω ὁ κόσμος τόν Θεόν». Ὁρᾷς ὅτι τήν μέν σοφίαν εἶπε τοῦ Θεοῦ, τήν δέ ψιλήν σοφίαν καί αἰτίαν τοῦ μή γνῶναι τόν Θεόν; Αὕτη δέ ἐστιν ἡ τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἐξευρημένη, παρά τήν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἑτέρα, τῷ διπλασιασμῷ τοῦ τῆς «σοφίας» ὀνόματος φανερωθεῖσα. Τί γάρ καί προϊών φησιν οὗτος ὁ θεόσοφος; «Ἡμεῖς δέ λαλοῦμεν Θεοῦ σοφίαν»˙ ἄρ᾿ οὖν ἤ ἐκεῖνοι κατά τοῦτον ἤ οὗτος κατ᾿ αὐτούς; Οὐμενοῦν˙ διό καί αὐτός τοῦτ᾿ ἀπαγορεύων, «σοφίαν»