John Chrysostom, On Virginity

I ask, since this fear has remained, violently shaking you; how Adam, and how Eve, without the mediation of marriage? What then? Thus, he says, were all human beings meant to be born? Whether thus or otherwise I cannot say. For the point of inquiry now is that God did not need marriage to make many human beings on the earth.

18 That it is not virginity that diminishes our race, but sin. And that it is not virginity that makes the human race fail, but sin and monstrous unions, was shown by the destruction that happened in the time of Noah, of both humans and cattle and simply all that breathed upon the earth. For if the sons of God had then stood against that monstrous desire and had honored virginity, if they had not looked with unrighteous eyes upon the daughters of men, so great a destruction would not have overtaken them. And let no one think that I blame marriage for their destruction; for I do not say this now, but that the destruction and corruption of our race is not of virginity but of sin.

19 That in the past marriage had two reasons, but now one. Marriage was given, therefore, for the sake of procreation, but much more for the purpose of quenching the burning of nature. And Paul is a witness, saying: “But because of fornications, let each man have his own wife,” not because of procreation. And again he commands them to come together, not so that they may become fathers of many children, but what? “So that Satan may not tempt you,” he says. And going on, he did not say: but if they desire children, but what? “But if they cannot exercise self-control, let them marry.” For in the beginning, as I said, it had these two purposes; but later, when the land and the sea and the whole inhabited world had been filled, only one reason for it remains, the suppression of licentiousness and debauchery. For it is no small help to those who are even now wallowing in these passions and desiring to live the life of swine and to be corrupted in brothels, freeing them from that impurity and necessity and preserving them in holiness and decency. But how long will I not cease shadow-boxing? For you who say these things know the superiority of virginity no less than we do, and everything that has been said by you are excuses and pretexts and veils for lack of self-control.

20 That even if there were no danger for those who despise virginity, it would still not be safe to despise it. But if one could say these things without danger, even so one should now cease from the slander. For he who is of a contrary opinion towards good things, along with the other harm, also brings forth before all no small testimony of his own wickedness by so perverse and unjust a judgment. So that if for no other reason, one ought at least to hold one's tongue in order not to acquire so evil a reputation, considering that he who admires those who shine in the greatest contests, even if he cannot attain the same, will at least be able to obtain pardon from all; but he who, in addition to not pursuing them, also reviles things worthy of many crowns, would justly be hated by all as an enemy and foe of virtue and in a more wretched state than madmen. For they do not know what they are doing, nor do they willingly endure what they suffer. For this reason, when they insult those in power, they are not only not punished but are even pitied by those whom they have insulted. But if anyone should willingly dare to do these things which those men do unwillingly, he would justly be condemned by the votes of all as an enemy of our nature.

21 That the danger is great for those who despise virginity. Therefore, as I said, even if such an accusation were without danger, one ought to abstain from it for the reasons that have been mentioned. But now there is also a great danger in the matter; for not only he who sits and speaks against his brother and lays a stumbling block for his mother's son will be punished, but also he who attempts to slander things that seem good to God. Hear, at least, what another prophet says concerning this very thing

ἐρωτῶ, ἐπειδή σε σφόδρα παρέμεινε κατασείων οὗτος ὁ φόβος· πῶς ὁ Ἀδάμ, πῶς δὲ ἡ Εὔα μὴ μεσιτεύοντος γάμου; Τί οὖν; Οὕτως, φησίν, ἔμελλον ἅπαντες ἄνθρωποι γίνεσθαι; Εἴτε οὕτως εἴτε ἑτέρως οὐκ ἔχω λέγειν. Τὸ γὰρ ζητούμενον νῦν ὅτι γάμου οὐκ ἔδει τῷ Θεῷ πρὸς τὸ πολλοὺς ποιῆσαι τοὺς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἀνθρώπους.

18 Ὅτι οὐχ ἡ παρθενία τὸ γένος ἡμῶν ἐλαττοῖ ἀλλ' ἡ ἁμαρτία. Ὅτι δὲ οὐχ ἡ παρθενία ποιεῖ τὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων γένος ἐπιλείπειν ἀλλ' ἡ ἁμαρτία καὶ αἱ ἄτοποι μίξεις ἔδειξεν ὁ κατὰ τὸν Νῶε γενόμενος ἀφανισμὸς καὶ ἀνθρώπων καὶ κτηνῶν καὶ πάντων ἁπλῶς τῶν ἐμπνεόντων ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς. Εἰ γὰρ ἔστησαν πρὸς τὴν ἄτοπον τότε ἐπιθυμίαν ἐκείνην οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ τὴν παρθενίαν ἐτίμησαν, εἰ μὴ εἶδον ἀδίκοις ὄμμασι τὰς θυγατέρας τῶν ἀνθρώπων, οὐκ ἂν αὐτοὺς ὁ τοσοῦτος κατέλαβεν ὄλεθρος. Καὶ μή μέ τις οἰέσθω τῆς ἀπωλείας αὐτῶν αἰτιᾶσθαι τὸν γάμον· οὐ γὰρ τοῦτό φημι νῦν, ἀλλ' ὅτι τὸ ἀπολλῦναι καὶ διαφθείρειν τὸ γένος τὸ ἡμέτερον οὐ τῆς παρθενίας ἀλλὰ τῆς ἁμαρτίας ἐστίν.

19 Ὅτι πάλαι μὲν τῷ γάμῳ δύο προφάσεις, νῦν δὲ μία. Ἐδόθη μὲν οὖν καὶ παιδοποιΐας ἕνεκεν ὁ γάμος· πολλῷ δὲ πλέον ὑπὲρ τοῦ σβέσαι τὴν τῆς φύσεως πύρωσιν. Καὶ μάρτυς ὁ Παῦλος λέγων· «∆ιὰ δὲ τὰς πορνείας ἕκαστος τὴν ἑαυτοῦ γυναῖκα ἐχέτω», οὐ διὰ τὰς παιδοποιΐας. Καὶ πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ συνέρχεσθαι κελεύει οὐχ ἵνα πατέρες γένωνται παίδων πολλῶν, ἀλλὰ τί; «Ἵνα μὴ πειράζῃ ὑμᾶς ὁ σατανᾶς», φησί. Καὶ προελθὼν δὲ οὐκ εἶπεν· εἰ δὲ ἐπιθυμοῦσι παίδων, ἀλλὰ τί; «Εἰ δὲ μὴ ἐγκρατεύονται, γαμησάτωσαν.» Παρὰ μὲν γὰρ τὴν ἀρχήν, ὅπερ ἔφην, δύο ταύτας εἶχε τὰς ὑποθέσεις· ὕστερον δὲ πληρωθείσης καὶ τῆς γῆς καὶ τῆς θαλάττης καὶ τῆς οἰκουμένης πάσης μία λείπεται πρόφασις αὐτοῦ μόνη, ἡ τῆς ἀκολασίας καὶ ἡ τῆς ἀσελγείας ἀναίρεσις. Τοὺς γὰρ ἔτι καὶ νῦν ἐν τούτοις κυλινδουμένους τοῖς πάθεσι καὶ χοίρων βίον ἐπιθυμοῦντας ζῆν καὶ ἐν χαμαιτυπείοις φθείρεσθαι οὐ μικρὸν ὀνίνησι τῆς ἀκαθαρσίας καὶ τῆς ἀνάγκης ἀπαλλάττων ἐκείνης καὶ ἐν ἁγιασμῷ καὶ σεμνότητι διατηρῶν. Ἀλλὰ γὰρ μέχρι τίνος οὐ παύσομαι σκιαμαχῶν; Καὶ γὰρ ὑμεῖς οἱ ταῦτα λέγοντες ἡμῶν οὐχ ἧττον ἴστε τὴν τῆς παρθενίας ὑπεροχὴν καὶ πάντα ἅπερ ὑμῖν εἴρηται σκήψεις καὶ προφάσεις εἰσὶ καὶ ἀκρασίας προκαλύμματα.

20 Ὅτι εἰ καὶ μηδεὶς κίνδυνος τοῖς ἐξουθενοῦσι τὴν παρθενίαν οὐδὲ οὕτως ἀσφαλὲς τὸ ἐξουθενεῖν. Ἀλλ' εἰ μὲν ἀκινδύνως ἐνῆν ταῦτα λέγειν, ἔδει νῦν καὶ οὕτω παύεσθαι τῆς διαβολῆς. Ὁ γὰρ πρὸς τὰ καλὰ τῶν πραγμάτων ἀπ' ἐναντίας διακείμενος τῆς γνώμης μετὰ τῆς ἄλλης βλάβης καὶ μαρτύριον οὐ μικρὸν παρὰ πᾶσι τῆς οἰκείας ἐκφέρει μοχθηρίας τὴν οὕτω διεστραμμένην καὶ ἄδικον ψῆφον. Ὥστε εἰ καὶ μηδενὸς ἕνεκεν ἄλλου, τοῦ γοῦν μὴ προστρίψασθαι δόξαν οὕτω πονηρὰν ἐπέχειν τὴν γλῶτταν ἐχρῆν, ἐνθυμουμένους ὅτι ὁ μὲν θαυμάζων τοὺς ἐν τοῖς μεγίστοις διαλάμποντας ἄθλοις, κἂν μὴ δύνηται τῶν αὐτῶν ἐφικέσθαι, συγγνώμης γοῦν δυνήσεται παρὰ πάντων τυχεῖν· ὁ δὲ πρὸς τῷ μὴ μετιέναι καὶ κακίζων τὰ πολλῶν ἄξια στεφάνων δικαίως ἂν παρὰ πάντων μισοῖτο ὡς ἐχθρὸς καὶ πολέμιος τῆς ἀρετῆς καὶ τῶν μαινομένων ἀθλιώτερον διακείμενος. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ οὐκ ἴσασιν ἃ ποιοῦσιν οὐδὲ ἑκόντες ἃ πάσχουσιν ὑπομένουσι. ∆ιὸ καὶ τοὺς ἐν δυναστείαις ὄντας ὑβρίζοντες οὐ μόνον οὐ κολάζονται ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐλεοῦνται παρὰ τῶν ὑβρισθέντων αὐτῶν. Εἰ δέ τις ἑκὼν ταῦτα τολμήσειεν ἅπερ ἄκοντες ἐκεῖνοι ποιοῦσι, δικαίως ἂν ταῖς ἁπάντων καταδικάζοιτο ψήφοις ὡς τῆς φύσεως τῆς ἡμετέρας ἐχθρός.

21 Ὅτι ὁ κίνδυνος μέγας τοῖς ἐξουθενοῦσι τὴν παρθενίαν. Ἐχρῆν μὲν οὖν, ὅπερ ἔφην, εἰ καὶ ἀκίνδυνος ἦν ἡ τοιαύτη κατηγορία τῶν γοῦν εἰρημένων ἕνεκεν αὐτῆς ἀπέχεσθαι. Νῦν δὲ καὶ κίνδυνος τῷ πράγματι κεῖται μέγας· οὐ γὰρ ὁ καθήμενος καὶ κατὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ καταλαλῶν καὶ κατὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ τῆς μητρὸς τιθεὶς σκάνδαλον κολασθήσεται μόνος ἀλλὰ καὶ ὁ πράγματα διαβάλλειν ἐπιχειρῶν Θεῷ δοκοῦντα εἶναι καλά. Ἄκουσον γοῦν τί φησιν ἕτερος προφήτης περὶ αὐτοῦ τούτου