John Chrysostom, On John

will be persuaded; let him continually go to this physician's office, let him hear the laws of the Spirit at all times, and having gone home let him write down in his mind what he has heard; and so he will be in good hopes and much security, perceiving his progress by experience. For when the devil sees the law of God inscribed on the soul, and the heart made into its tablets, he will no longer approach. For where there are royal letters, not engraved on a bronze pillar, but impressed by the Holy Spirit on a God-loving mind, and gleaming with much grace, he will not even be able to look upon it, but from afar will turn his back on us. For nothing is so terrible to him and to the thoughts suggested by him, as a mind that meditates on divine things, and a soul that continually applies itself to this fountain. For nothing of the present things will be able to grieve such a one, even if it be unpleasant, nor puff him up and exalt him, even if it be favorable; but in so great a storm and tempest he will enjoy much calm. 2. For disturbance does not come upon us from the nature of things, but from the weakness of our mind. For if we suffered this because of what happens, all men would have to be disturbed. For we all sail the same sea, and it is impossible to be outside of waves and brine. But if there are those who stand outside the storm and the raging sea, it is clear that it is not things that make the storm, but the state of our mind. If therefore we prepare it so as to bear all things easily, there will be no storm for us, nor surging, since the calm is always bright. But I do not know how, having proposed to say nothing 59.39 about these things, I have been carried away into so much of this exhortation. Forgive us, therefore, for the length of our speech. For I am afraid, and very much afraid, lest this zeal of ours become weaker; for if I were confident about it, I would have said none of these things to you now; for this is sufficient to make all things easy for you. It is time now to go on to the subjects set before us today, so that you do not approach the contests wearied. For contests lie before us against the enemies of the truth, against those who contrive everything to bring down the glory of the Son of God, or rather their own. For it remains forever as it is, in no way diminished by the blasphemous tongue; but they, striving to bring down him whom they say they worship, fill their own faces with dishonor and their soul with punishment. What then are the things they say, when we say these things? That the phrase, In the beginning was the Word, does not simply show what is eternal; for this was also said concerning heaven and concerning earth. Oh, the great shamelessness and irreverence! I am speaking to you about God, and you bring the earth into the midst, and men from the earth? Therefore, since Christ is called Son of God and God, and man is called son of God and god (For I said, You are gods, he says, and all of you sons of the Most High), will you contend with the Only-begotten about the sonship, and say that he has nothing more than you in this regard? By no means, he says. And yet you do this, even if you do not say it in word. How? Because you say that you have partaken of the adoption by grace, and he likewise; for by not saying that he is Son by nature, you establish that this is by grace and nothing else. But let us also see the testimonies which they bring forward to us. In the beginning, it says, he made the heaven and the earth. And the earth was invisible and unformed. And, There was a man from Arimathaim Sifa. These are the things which they think are strong. And they are strong; but to show the orthodoxy of the doctrines we speak of; but for establishing their blasphemy, they are weaker than anything. For what, tell me, does "He was" have in common with "He made"? and what does God have in common with man? Why do you mix things that cannot be mixed, and confuse things that are distinct, and turn things upside down? For here "was" does not only show what is eternal, but also "In the beginning was," and "the Word was." Just as therefore "being," when it is said of a man, denotes only the present time; but when of God, it shows what is eternal; so also "was," concerning the

πείσεται· συνεχῶς παρὰ τοῦτο ἴτω τὸ ἰατρεῖον, τῶν τοῦ Πνεύματος ἀκουέτω νόμων διὰ παντὸς τοῦ καιροῦ, καὶ οἴκαδε ἀπελθὼν ἀπογραφέτω τὰ ἀκουσθέντα τῇ διανοίᾳ· καὶ οὕτως ἔσται ἐν ἐλπίσι χρησταῖς καὶ ἀσφαλείᾳ πολλῇ, τῇ πείρᾳ τῆς προκοπῆς αἰσθανόμενος Ὅταν γὰρ ὁ διάβολος ἴδῃ τοῦ Θεοῦ τὸν νόμον ἐγγραφέντα τῇ ψυχῇ, καὶ πλάκας αὐτοῦ γενομένην τὴν καρδίαν, οὐ προσελεύσεται λοιπόν. Ἔνθα γὰρ ἂν ᾖ γράμματα βασιλικὰ, οὐκ ἐν στήλῃ χαραγέντα χαλκῇ, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ θεοφιλοῦς διανοίας ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι τυπωθέντα, καὶ πολλῆς ἀποστίλβοντα τῆς χάριτος, οὐδὲ ἀντιβλέψαι ἐκεῖνος δυνήσεται, ἀλλὰ πόῤῥωθεν ἡμῖν δώσει τὰ νῶτα. Οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτω φοβερὸν ἐκείνῳ καὶ τοῖς παρ' ἐκείνου ὑποτιθεμένοις λογισμοῖς, ὡς διάνοια τὰ θεῖα μελετῶσα, καὶ ψυχὴ ταύτῃ διαπαντὸς ἐγκειμένη τῇ πηγῇ. Τὴν γὰρ τοιαύτην οὐ λυπῆσαί τι τῶν παρόντων δυνήσεται, κἂν ἀηδὲς ᾖ, οὐ φυσῆσαι καὶ ἐπᾶραι, κἂν αἴσιον ᾖ· ἀλλ' ἐν τοσούτῳ χειμῶνι καὶ ζάλῃ γαλήνης ἀπολαύσεται πολλῆς. βʹ. Οὐ γὰρ παρὰ τὴν τῶν πραγμάτων φύσιν ὁ θόρυβος ἡμῖν ἐγγίνεται, ἀλλὰ παρὰ τὴν ἀσθένειαν τῆς διανοίας τῆς ἡμετέρας. Ἐπεὶ εἰ παρὰ τὰ συμβαίνοντα τοῦτο ἐπάσχομεν, πάντας ἀνθρώπους ταράττεσθαι ἔδει. Πάντες γὰρ τὴν αὐτὴν πλέομεν θάλατταν, καὶ κυμάτων καὶ ἅλμης ἐκτὸς εἶναι ἀμήχανον. Εἰ δέ εἰσιν, οἳ τοῦ χειμῶνος ἑστήκασιν ἔξω καὶ τῆς θαλάττης μαινομένης, εὔδηλον ὅτι τὸν χειμῶνα οὐ τὰ πράγματα ποιεῖ, ἀλλ' ἡ κατάστασις τῆς διανοίας τῆς ἡμετέρας. Ἂν οὖν αὐτὴν κατασκευάσωμεν οὕτως, ὡς πάντα φέρειν εὐκόλως, οὐκ ἔσται χειμὼν ἡμῖν, οὐδὲ κλυδώνιον, λευκῆς ἀεὶ τῆς γαλήνης οὔσης. Ἀλλὰ γὰρ οὐκ οἶδα πῶς προθέμενος μηδὲν 59.39 ὑπὲρ τούτων εἰπεῖν, εἰς τοσοῦτον ταύτης ἐξηνέχθην τῆς παραινέσεως. Σύγγνωτε οὖν τῆς μακρηγορίας ἡμῖν. Καὶ γὰρ δέδοικα, καὶ σφόδρα δέδοικα, μήποτε ἀσθενεστέρα ἡμῖν αὕτη γένηται ἡ σπουδή· ὡς εἴ γε ἐθάῤῥουν ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς, οὐδὲν ἂν διελέχθην τούτων ὑμῖν νῦν· ἱκανὴ γὰρ αὕτη πάντα ὑμῖν ἐξευμαρίσαι τὰ πράγματα. Ὥρα δὲ λοιπὸν ἐπὶ τὰ προκείμενα τήμερον ἰέναι, ὥστε μὴ κεκμηκότας ὑμᾶς προσβάλλειν τοῖς ἀγῶσιν. Ἀγῶνες γὰρ ἡμῖν πρόκεινται πρὸς τοὺς τῆς ἀληθείας ἐχθροὺς, πρὸς τοὺς πάντα μηχανωμένους, ὥστε καθελεῖν τὴν δόξαν τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ, μᾶλλον δὲ τὴν ἑαυτῶν. Ἡ μὲν γὰρ μένει διαπαντὸς, οἵαπέρ ἐστιν, οὐδὲν παρὰ τῆς βλασφήμου γλώττης ἐλαττουμένη· ἐκεῖνοι δὲ, ὅν φασι προσκυνεῖν, καθελεῖν σπουδάζοντες, τὰ πρόσωπα αὐτῶν ἀτιμίας πληροῦσι καὶ κολάσεως τὴν ψυχήν. Τίνα οὖν ἐστιν ἅ φασιν, ἡμῶν ταῦτα λεγόντων, ἐκεῖνοι; Ὅτι τὸ, Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ Λόγος, οὐ τὸ ἀΐδιον δείκνυσιν ἁπλῶς· καὶ γὰρ καὶ περὶ οὐρανοῦ τοῦτο καὶ περὶ γῆς ἐλέχθη. Ὢ τῆς ἀναισχυντίας καὶ τῆς ἀνευλαβείας τῆς πολλῆς. Περὶ Θεοῦ σοι διαλέγομαι, καὶ σύ μοι τὴν γῆν φέρεις εἰς μέσον, καὶ τοὺς ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς ἀνθρώπους; Οὐκοῦν ἐπειδὴ Υἱὸς Θεοῦ ὁ Χριστὸς λέγεται καὶ Θεὸς, καὶ ὁ ἄνθρωπος υἱὸς Θεοῦ λέγεται καὶ θεός (Ἐγὼ γὰρ εἶπα, Θεοί ἐστε, φησὶ, καὶ υἱοὶ Ὑψίστου πάντες), φιλονεικήσεις τῷ Μονογενεῖ τῆς υἱότητος, καὶ οὐδὲν φήσεις αὐτὸν ἔχειν κατὰ τοῦτό σου πλέον; Οὐδαμῶς, φησί. Καὶ μὴν τοῦτο ποιεῖς, κἂν μὴ τῷ λόγῳ λέγῃς. Πῶς; Ὅτι καὶ σὺ χάριτι φῂς τῆς υἱοθεσίας μετειληφέναι καὶ αὐτὸν οὕτω· τῷ γὰρ μὴ φύσει λέγειν αὐτὸν υἱὸν οὐδὲν ἕτερον ἢ χάριτι εἶναι τοῦτο κατασκευάζεις. Πλὴν ἀλλ' ἴδωμεν καὶ τὰς μαρτυρίας, ἃς παράγουσιν ἡμῖν. Ἐν ἀρχῇ, φησὶν, ἐποίησε τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν. Ἡ δὲ γῆ ἦν ἀόρατος καὶ ἀκατασκεύαστος. Καὶ, Ἦν ἄνθρωπος ἐξ Ἀρμαθαὶμ Σιφᾶ. Ταῦτά ἐστιν ἃ νομίζουσιν εἶναι ἰσχυρά. Καὶ ἔστιν ἰσχυρά· ἀλλ' εἰς τὸ δεῖξαι τὴν παρ' ἡμῶν λεγομένην ὀρθότητα τῶν δογμάτων· πρὸς δὲ τὸ στῆσαι τὴν βλασφημίαν αὐτῶν ἀσθενέστερά πως ἁπάντων. Τί γὰρ, εἰπέ μοι, κοινὸν ἔχει πρὸς τὸ, Ἐποίησε, τὸ, Ἦν; τί δὲ ὁ Θεὸς πρὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον; Τί τὰ ἄμικτα μιγνύεις, καὶ συγχεῖς τὰ διαιρούμενα, καὶ τὰ ἄνω τὰ κάτω ποιεῖς; Ἐνταῦθα γὰρ τὸ, Ἦν, οὐ δείκνυσι τὸ ἀΐδιον μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ, Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν, καὶ τὸ, Ὁ Λόγος ἦν. Ὥσπερ οὖν τὸ,ὢν, ὅταν μὲν περὶ ἀνθρώπου λέγηται, τὸν ἐνεστῶτα χρόνον δηλοῖ μόνον· ὅταν δὲ περὶ Θεοῦ, τὸ ἀΐδιον δείκνυσιν· οὕτω καὶ τὸ, Ἦν, περὶ μὲν τῆς