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more abundantly, through whom the divine light is accustomed to shine more and be magnified. But if we have not yet received Christ or His seal and we do not recognize the aforementioned signs in ourselves, but rather, on the contrary, the deceitful world lives in us and we unhappily live in it, considering temporal things to be something great, and we fall down in afflictions and are vexed by losses and rejoice in luxury and wealth, alas for the loss, alas for the ignorance and the darkening, alas for our misery and insensibility, (39) by which we are held fast and by which we are dragged down to earthly things. Truly we are pitiable and utterly wretched and estranged from eternal life itself and from the kingdom of heaven, no longer possessing Christ in ourselves, but also having the world living in us as living in it, and setting our minds on earthly things. And he who is thus is openly an enemy of God; for devotion to the world is enmity towards God, as the divine apostle says: "Do not love the world, nor the things in the world," because no one can serve God and live according to man, since all the things of the world are obstacles to love and pleasing God.

For who, loving glory and honor from men, will ever hold himself last of all and most worthless and become humble in spirit or contrite in heart or will ever be able to mourn at all? And who, loving wealth, being held fast by love of money and love of possessions, can become merciful and compassionate and will not be fiercer and more harsh than any wild beast? Who, being held fast by vainglory and possessed by conceit, will ever be delivered from envy or malice? And he who is bent towards the passions of the flesh and wallows in the mire of pleasures, when then will he become pure in heart or when and how will he see God who created him? And how will he be a peacemaker who has estranged himself from God and does not (40) hear the one who says: "We are ambassadors for Christ, as though God were pleading through us: be reconciled to God"? For everyone who through the transgression of the commandments opposes and wars against God, this one, even if he makes all people be at peace with one another, is an enemy of God, since not even those whom he makes to be at peace with one another, does he do this as it pleases God. For being first an enemy of himself and of God, those who are at peace through such men have also become his enemies. For one who is hostilely disposed toward someone certainly does not know how to advise others correctly about the things that seem good and are pleasing to his enemy and to teach them to do his will, since this very thing, to live separately from him, produces an ignorance of his desires, and not only that, but also, because of being disposed passionately and hatefully toward him and having a constant practice of proceeding contrary to his will, it creates a certain habit so that even if he should ever wish to speak to others of the things that contribute to serving him, he is not easily able. And reasonably so. For an unenlightened soul, having been overcome by the passions and especially by envy and having practiced envying someone, does not endure to hear another speak in defense of the one envied, let alone to do something or even to say anything at all to serve him. For an old passion and a prolonged practice of evil takes on the strength of nature in the soul, so that it can never be healed. For such men become darkness from light and, falling from goodness into wickedness, they are incurably sick.

But he who has been united with God through faith and has come to know Him through practice, has also been counted worthy to see Him in every way through contemplation. (41) And he sees things which I am not able to write. For the mind sees certain strange sights and is wholly enlightened and becomes like light, but to understand or

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περισσοτέρως, δι᾿ οὗ τό θεῖον φῶς ἐπί πλεῖον φαίνειν καί μεγαλύνεσθαι εἴωθεν. Εἰ δέ οὔπω τόν Χριστόν ἤ τήν ἐκείνου σφραγῖδα ἐλάβομεν καί τά προειρημένα σημεῖα ἐν ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς οὐ γνωρίζομεν, ἀλλά τοὐναντίον μᾶλλον ἐν ἡμῖν ὁ κόσμος ὁ δόλιος ζῇ καί ἡμεῖς ἐν αὐτῷ δυστυχῶς ζῶμεν μέγα τι εἶναι τά πρόσκαιρα ἡγούμενοι καί καταπίπτομεν ἐν ταῖς θλίψεσι καί ἐπί ταῖς ζημίαις δακνόμεθα καί τῇ τρυφῇ καί τῷ πλούτῳ ἐνεφραινόμεθα, φεῦ τῆς ζημίας, φεῦ τῆς ἀγνοίας καί τῆς σκοτώσεως, φεῦ τῆς ταλαιπωρίας καί τῆς ἀναισθησίας ἡμῶν, (39) ὑφ᾿ ὧν κρατούμεθα καί ὑφ᾿ ὧν εἰς τά γήϊνα κατασπώμεθα. Ὄντως ἐλεεινοί καί πανάθλιοι καί αὐτῆς τῆς αἰωνίου ζωῆς καί τῆς τῶν οὐρανῶν βασιλείας ἀλλότριοί ἐσμεν, μηκέτι ἐν ἑαυτοῖς κτησάμενοι τόν Χριστόν, ἀλλά καί τόν κόσμον ζῶντα ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ἔχοντες ὡς ἐν αὐτῷ ζῶντες, καί φρονοῦντες τά γήϊνα. Ὁ δέ οὕτως ἔχων ἐχθρός ἐστιν ἄντικρυς τοῦ Θεοῦ· ἔχθρα γάρ ἐστιν εἰς Θεόν ἡ τοῦ κόσμου προσπάθεια, καθώς φησιν ὁ θεῖος ἀπόστολος·"Μή ἀγαπᾶτε τόν κόσμον, μηδέ τά ἐν κόσμῳ", ὅτι οὐδείς δύναται Θεῷ δουλεύειν καί κατά ἄνθρωπον ζῆν, ἐπειδή πάντα τά τοῦ κόσμου ἐμπόδιά εἰσι τῆς πρός Θεόν ἀγάπης καί εὐαρεστήσεως.

Τίς γάρ, ἀγαπῶν τήν δόξαν καί τήν παρά ἀνθρώπων τιμήν, ἔσχατον πάντων καί εὐτελέστερον ἕξει ποτέ ἑαυτόν καί ταπεινός τῷ πνεύματι ἤ τήν καρδίαν συντετριμμένος γενήσεται ἤ πενθῆσαί ποτε κἄν ὅλως δυνήσεται; Τίς δέ πλοῦτον ἀγαπῶν φιλαργυρίᾳ τε καί φιλοκτημοσύνῃ κρατούμενος, ἐλεήμων γένηται καί συμπαθής καί οὐχί παντός θηρίου ἀγριώτερος ἔσται καί ἀπηνέστερος; Τίς κενοδοξίᾳ κρατούμενος καί οἰήσει κατεχόμενος, φθόνου ποτέ ἤ βασκανίας ἀπαλλαγήσεται; Ὁ δέ καί πρός τά τῆς σαρκός πάθη καμπτόμενος καί τῷ βορβόρῳ τῶν ἡδονῶν καλινδούμενος, πότε καθαρός ἄρα τῇ καρδίᾳ γενήσεται ἤ πότε καί πῶς τόν Θεόν τόν δημιουργήσαντα αὐτόν ὄψεται; Εἰρηνοποιός δέ πῶς ἔσται ὁ ἀπαλλοτριώσας ἑαυτόν τοῦ Θεοῦ καί μή (40) ἀκούων τοῦ λέγοντος· "Ὑπέρ Χριστοῦ πρεσβεύομεν, ὡς τοῦ Θεοῦ παρακαλοῦντος δι᾿ ἡμῶν· καταλλάγητε τῷ Θεῷ"; Πᾶς γάρ ὁ διά τῆς τῶν ἐντολῶν παραβάσεως ἀνθιστάμενος καί πολεμῶν τῷ Θεῷ, οὗτος κἄν εἰρηνεύειν ἅπαντας πρός ἀλλήλους ποιῇ ἐχθρός ἐστι τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἐπειδή οὐδέ αὐτούς οὕς εἰρηνεύειν πρός ἀλλήλους ποιεῖ, ὡς ἀρέσκει τῷ Θεῷ ποιεῖ τοῦτο. Ἐχθρός γάρ αὐτός πρῶτος ὤν ἑαυτοῦ καί τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἐχθροί καθεστήκασιν αὐτοῦ καί οἱ διά τῶν τοιούτων εἰρηνεύοντες. Οὐ γάρ ἐπίσταται πάντως ὁ ἐχθρωδῶς πρός τινα διακείμενος τά τῷ ἐχθρῷ δοκοῦντα καί ἀρεστά ἑτέροις συμβουλεύειν ὀρθῶς καί τά ἐκείνου διδάσκειν αὐτούς ποιεῖν θελήματα, ἐπειδή καί αὐτό τοῦτο, τό ἀποκεχωρισμένως διάγειν ἐξ αὐτοῦ, ἄγνοιαν ἐμποιεῖ τῶν ἐκείνου καταθυμίων, οὐ μήν ἀλλά καί, διά τό ἐμπαθῶς καί ἀπεχθῶς διακεῖσθαι πρός αὐτόν μελέτην τε ἀένναον ἔχειν ἐναντίως τῶν ἐκείνου θελημάτων πορεύεσθαι, ἐθισμόν τινα ποιεῖ τοῦ εἰ καί ποτε θελήσει οὗτος ἑτέροις λαλῆσαι τά πρός θεραπείαν ἐκείνου τελούμενα μή εὐκόλως δύνασθαι. Καί εἰκότως. Ψυχή γάρ ἀφώτιστος, ὑπό τῶν παθῶν καί μάλιστα ὑπό τοῦ φθόνου κρατηθεῖσα καί φθονεῖν τινι μελετήσασα, οὐδέ ἑτέρου τινος ὑπερλαλοῦντος τοῦ φθονουμένου ἀκοῦσαι ἀνέχεται, μή ὅτι γε πρός θεραπείαν ἐκείνου καί διαπρᾶξαί τι ἤ κἄν ὅλως εἰπεῖν. Φύσεως γάρ ἰσχύν λαμβάνει παλαιωθέν πάθος καί κακοῦ μελέτη χρονίσασα εἰς ψυχήν, ὡς μή δύνασθαι τοῦτο ἐξιαθῆναί ποτε. Ἐκ γάρ φωτός σκότος γίνονται οἱ τοιοῦτοι καί, ἐξ ἀγαθότητος εἰς πονηρίαν μεταπίπτοντες, νοσοῦσιν ἀνίατα.

Ὁ δέ γε Θεῷ συγκραθείς διά πίστεως καί ἐπιγνούς αὐτόν διά πράξεως, καί βλέπειν αὐτόν πάντως διά θεωρίας ἠξίωται. (41) Βλέπει δέ ἅ μή γράφειν ἰσχύω. Ὁρᾷ γάρ ξένα τινά θεάματα ὁ νοῦς καί ὅλος φωτίζεται καί φωτοειδής γίνεται, νοεῖν δέ ἤ