Chapter IX.

He next proceeds to recommend, that in adopting opinions we should follow reason and a rational guide,26    λόγῳ καὶ λογικῷ ὁδηγῷ. since he who assents to opinions without following this course is very liable to be deceived.  And he compares inconsiderate believers to Metragyrtæ, and soothsayers, and Mithræ, and Sabbadians, and to anything else that one may fall in with, and to the phantoms of Hecate, or any other demon or demons.  For as amongst such persons are frequently to be found wicked men, who, taking advantage of the ignorance of those who are easily deceived, lead them away whither they will, so also, he says, is the case among Christians.  And he asserts that certain persons who do not wish either to give or receive a reason for their belief, keep repeating, “Do not examine, but believe!” and, “Your faith will save you!”  And he alleges that such also say, “The wisdom of this life is bad, but that foolishness is a good thing!”  To which we have to answer, that if it were possible for all to leave the business of life, and devote themselves to philosophy, no other method ought to be adopted by any one, but this alone.  For in the Christian system also it will be found that there is, not to speak at all arrogantly, at least as much of investigation into articles of belief, and of explanation of dark sayings, occurring in the prophetical writings, and of the parables in the Gospels, and of countless other things, which either were narrated or enacted with a symbolical signification,27    συμβολικῶς γεγενημένων, ἢ νενομοθετημένων. (as is the case with other systems).  But since the course alluded to is impossible, partly on account of the necessities of life, partly on account of the weakness of men, as only a very few individuals devote themselves earnestly to study,28    σφόδρα ὀλίγων ἐπὶ τὸν λόγον ᾀττόντων. what better method could be devised with a view of assisting the multitude, than that which was delivered by Jesus to the heathen?  And let us inquire, with respect to the great multitude of believers, who have washed away the mire of wickedness in which they formerly wallowed, whether it were better for them to believe without a reason, and (so) to have become reformed and improved in their habits, through the belief that men are chastised for sins, and honoured for good works or not to have allowed themselves to be converted on the strength of mere faith, but (to have waited) until they could give themselves to a thorough examination of the (necessary) reasons.  For it is manifest that, (on such a plan), all men, with very few exceptions, would not obtain this (amelioration of conduct) which they have obtained through a simple faith, but would continue to remain in the practice of a wicked life.  Now, whatever other evidence can be furnished of the fact, that it was not without divine intervention that the philanthropic scheme of Christianity was introduced among men, this also must be added.  For a pious man will not believe that even a physician of the body, who restores the sick to better health, could take up his abode in any city or country without divine permission, since no good happens to men without the help of God.  And if he who has cured the bodies of many, or restored them to better health, does not effect his cures without the help of God, how much more He who has healed the souls of many, and has turned them (to virtue), and improved their nature, and attached them to God who is over all things, and taught them to refer every action to His good pleasure, and to shun all that is displeasing to Him, even to the least of their words or deeds, or even of the thoughts of their hearts?

Μετὰ ταῦτα προτρέπει ἐπὶ τὸ λόγῳ ἀκολουθοῦντας καὶ λογικῷ ὁδηγῷ παραδέχεσθαι δόγματα, ὡς πάντως ἀπάτης γινομένης τῷ μὴ οὕτω συγκατατιθεμένῳ τισί· καὶ ἐξομοιοῖ τοὺς ἀλόγως πιστεύοντας μητραγύρταις καὶ τερα τοσκόποις, Μίθραις τε καὶ Σαβαδίοις, καὶ ὅτῳ τις προσέτυχεν, Ἑκάτης ἢ ἄλλης δαίμονος ἢ δαιμόνων φάσμασιν. Ὡς γὰρ ἐν ἐκείνοις πολλάκις μοχθηροὶ ἄνθρωποι ἐπιβαίνοντες τῇ ἰδιωτείᾳ τῶν εὐεξαπατήτων ἄγουσιν αὐτοὺς ᾗ βούλονται, οὕτως φησὶ καὶ ἐν τοῖς Χριστιανοῖς γίνεσθαι. Φησὶ δέ τινας μηδὲ βουλομένους διδόναι ἢ λαμβάνειν λόγον περὶ ὧν πιστεύουσι χρῆσθαι τῷ "Μὴ ἐξέταζε ἀλλὰ πίστευσον" καὶ "Ἡ πίστις σου σώσει σε." Καί φησιν αὐτοὺς λέγειν· "Κακὸν ἡ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ σοφία ἀγαθὸν δ' ἡ μωρία." Λεκτέον δὲ πρὸς τοῦτο ὅτι εἰ μὲν οἷόν τε πάντας καταλιπόντας τὰ τοῦ βίου πράγματα σχολάζειν τῷ φιλοσοφεῖν, ἄλλην ὁδὸν οὐ μεταδιωκτέον οὐδενὶ ἢ ταύτην μόνην. Εὑρεθήσεται γὰρ ἐν τῷ χριστιανισμῷ οὐκ ἐλάττων, ἵνα μὴ φορτικόν τι εἴπω, ἐξέτασις τῶν πεπιστευμένων καὶ διήγησις τῶν ἐν τοῖς προφήταις αἰνιγμάτων καὶ τῶν ἐν τοῖς εὐαγγελίοις παρα βολῶν καὶ ἄλλων μυρίων συμβολικῶς γεγενημένων ἢ νενομοθετημένων. Εἰ δὲ τοῦτ' ἀμήχανον πῇ μὲν διὰ τὰς τοῦ βίου ἀνάγκας πῇ δὲ καὶ διὰ τὴν τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἀσθένειαν, σφόδρα ὀλίγων ἐπὶ τὸν λόγον ᾀττόντων, ποία ἂν ἄλλη βελτίων μέθοδος πρὸς τὸ τοῖς πολλοῖς βοηθῆσαι εὑρεθείη τῆς ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῖς ἔθνεσι παραδοθείσης; Καὶ πυνθανόμεθά γε περὶ τοῦ πλήθους τῶν πιστευόντων, τὴν πολλὴν χύσιν τῆς κακίας ἀποθεμένων, ἐν ᾗ πρότερον ἐκαλινδοῦντο· πότερον βέλτιόν ἐστιν αὐτοῖς ἀλόγως πισ τεύουσι κατεστάλθαι πως τὰ ἤθη καὶ ὠφελῆσθαι διὰ τὴν περὶ τῶν κολαζομένων ἐπὶ ἁμαρτίαις καὶ τιμωμένων ἐπὶ ἔργοις χρηστοῖς πίστιν, ἢ μὴ προσίεσθαι αὐτῶν τὴν ἐπιστρο φὴν μετὰ ψιλῆς πίστεως, ἕως ἂν ἐπιδῶσιν ἑαυτοὺς ἐξετάσει λόγων; Φανερῶς γὰρ οἱ πάντες παρ' ἐλαχίστους οὐδὲ τοῦτο λήψονται, ὅπερ εἰλήφασιν ἐκ τοῦ ἁπλῶς πεπιστευκέναι, ἀλλὰ μενοῦσιν ἐν κακίστῳ βίῳ. Εἴπερ οὖν ἄλλο τι κατα σκευαστικόν ἐστι τοῦ τὸ φιλάνθρωπον τοῦ λόγου οὐκ ἀθεεὶ τῷ βίῳ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐπιδεδημηκέναι, καὶ τοῦτ' αὐτοῖς συγκαταριθμητέον. Ὁ γὰρ εὐλαβὴς οὐδὲ σωμάτων ἰατρόν, πολλοὺς ἐπὶ τὸ βέλτιον νοσοῦντας ἀγαγόντα, οἰήσεται ἀθεεὶ πόλεσι καὶ ἔθνεσιν ἐπιδημεῖν· οὐδὲν γὰρ χρηστὸν ἐν ἀνθρώποις ἀθεεὶ γίνεται. Εἰ δὲ ὁ πολλῶν σώματα θεραπεύσας ἢ ἐπὶ τὸ βέλτιον προαγαγὼν οὐκ ἀθεεὶ θεραπεύει, πόσῳ πλέον ὁ πολλῶν ψυχὰς θεραπεύσας καὶ ἐπιστρέψας καὶ βελτιώσας, καὶ ἀναρτήσας αὐτὰς θεοῦ τοῦ ἐπὶ πᾶσι καὶ διδάξας πᾶσαν πρᾶξιν ἀναφέρειν ἐπὶ τὴν ἐκείνου ἀρέσκειαν καὶ πάντ' ἐκκλίνειν, ὅσ' ἀπάρεστά εἰσι θεῷ, μέχρι τοῦ ἐλαχίστου τῶν λεγομένων ἢ πραττομένων ἢ καὶ εἰς ἐνθύμησιν ἐρχομένων;