the bronze statue in the Hippodrome has molded his size and his whole character; who was the son of Alcmene and Amphitryon, as the Hellenes lie in their writings; for which reason also, instead of a fillet and crown and royal purple, they bind themselves with the skin of the lion's head; and they consider this a crown and an ornament, and they pride themselves in this above every stone and pearl; and a trustworthy witness is the very coin of Alexander the Macedonian, which is adorned with such an image. The kingdom of the Macedonians prevailed, beginning from the third son of Heracles, named Karanos, having been increased by Philip the father of Alexander, and having been magnified and becoming extraordinary and touching the very ends of the earth under Alexander himself and his successors, and ending with Perseus son of Philip, so that it lost the very dignity of a kingdom; for Perseus himself, as a captive with his wife and children, having been defeated by Aemilius, proconsul and general of the Romans, was led to Rome in chains and all the insignia of the kingdom of the Macedonians, so that its form changed from a kingdom to a province and now it has ended up in the rank of a theme and a strategia. Province of Macedonia I: under a consularis, 32 cities: Thessalonica, Pella, Europos, Dion, Berroia, Eordaia, Edessa, Kelle, Almopia, Heraclea Lyncestis, Antania, Gemindos, Nikedes, Diobouros, Idomene, Bragylos, Primana, Maroneia, Amphipolis, Neapolis, Apollonia, Topeiros now called Rhousion, Nicopolis, †Ithapolis†, Akanthos, Kereopyrgos, Berpe, Aralos, Diocletianopolis, Sebastopolis. Province of Macedonia II: under a praeses, 8 cities: Stobi, Argos, Eustraïon, Pelagonia, Bargala, Kelainidion, Harmonia, Zapara. Province of Thessaly: under the same, 17 cities: Larissa, Demetrias, Thebes, Echinaios, Lamia, Trikke, Gomphoi, Hypate now called Neai Patrai, Metropolis, Caesarea, Pharsalos, Bouraminsios, saltus I[oann]oubios, island of Skiathos, island of Skopelos, island of Peparethos. Thus far the theme of Macedonia. ευροπ.3 Third theme, of Strymon The theme of Strymon is assigned to Macedonia and it is nowhere spoken of as a theme, but has been reckoned in the rank of a kleisoura; and Scythians instead of Macedonians inhabit it, Justinian Rhinotmetos having settled them in the mountains of Strymon and the passes of the kleisourai. ευροπ.4 Fourth theme, of Thessalonica That which is now designated as the theme of Thessalonica also happens to be a part of Macedonia. And lest I mention external and ancient witnesses of such a matter, a worthy witness is the holy apostle of Christ, Paul, who calls this Macedonia; for he writes thus: “Aristarchus the Macedonian of Thessalonica being with us”. For Thessalonica is the metropolis of Macedonia. But also Hierocles the grammarian has placed it among the Macedonian cities. It has its name from such a cause: Philip son of Amyntas, having defeated the Thessalians there, gave the same name to his daughter and to the city. ευροπ.5 Fifth theme of Europe, Hellas The country Hellas was called after Hellen son of Deucalion, who, having ruled over Phthiotis, called those who became his subjects Hellenes instead of Graikoi; and then for the first time it was named Hellas. This was not an ancient name of a people, but an idiom of the Hellenic tongue, as the writer [Alexandros] says, knowing the name to be recent; “and it seems to me, not even the whole country somehow had this name”; nor did the poet mention Hellenes, calling them Argives, but calling only the Thessalians so, and Hellas the city under Achilles, as Alexandros Polyhistor says; “nowhere did he name the whole people Hellenes, nor others than those with Achilles from Phthiotis” who sailed to Ilion. The theme of Hellas has 79 cities; first Skarpheia, second Elateia, third Daulion, fourth Chaironeia, fifth Naupaktos, sixth Delphi, seventh Amphissa, and the

τὸ μέγεθος καὶ ὅλον αὐτοῦ τὸν χαρακτῆρα ἐν τῷ Ἱπποδρόμῳ ὁ χαλκοῦς ἀνδριὰς ἀπεμάξατο· ὃς ἦν Ἀλκμήνης καὶ Ἀμφιτρύωνος υἱός, ὡς Ἕλληνες ψευδολογοῦσι τοῖς γράμμασι· διὸ καὶ ἀντὶ ταινίας καὶ στέμματος καὶ πορφύρας βασιλικῆς τῷ δέρματι τῆς κεφαλῆς τοῦ λέοντος ἑαυτοὺς ταινιοῦσι· καὶ στέμμα τοῦτο καὶ κόσμον ἡγοῦνται, καὶ ὑπὲρ πάντα λίθον καὶ μάργαρον τούτῳ ἐγκαλλωπίζονται· καὶ μάρτυς ἀξιόπιστος αὐτὸ τὸ νόμισμα τοῦ Μακεδόνος Ἀλεξάνδρου τοιαύτῃ εἰκόνι καλλωπιζόμενον. Ἐπεκράτησε δὲ ἡ βασιλεία τῶν Μακεδόνων ἀρξαμένη ἀπὸ τοῦ τρίτου υἱοῦ Ἡρακλέους Καρανοῦ προσαγορευομένου, αὐξηθεῖσα δὲ ἀπὸ Φιλίππου τοῦ πατρὸς Ἀλεξάνδρου, μεγαλυνθεῖσα δὲ καὶ ὑπερφυὴς γενομένη καὶ τῶν ἄκρων τῆς γῆς αὐτῶν ἐπιψαύσασα ἐπ' αὐτοῦ Ἀλεξάνδρου καὶ τῶν αὐτοῦ διαδόχων, καταλήξασα δὲ εἰς Περσέα τὸν Φιλίππου, ὥστε καὶ αὐτὸ ἀποβαλεῖν τὸ τῆς βασιλείας ἀξίωμα· αἰχμάλωτος γὰρ αὐτὸς ὁ Περσεὺς μετὰ γυναικὸς καὶ τέκνων, ἡττηθεὶς ὑπὸ Αἰμιλίου ἀνθυπάτου καὶ στρατηγοῦ τῶν Ῥωμαίων εἰς τὴν Ῥώμην ἀπήχθη δέσμιος καὶ πάντα τὰ τῆς βασιλείας τῶν Μακεδόνων ἐπίσημα, ὥστε ἀπὸ βασιλείας εἰς ἐπαρχίαν τὸ σχῆμα μεταβαλεῖν καὶ νῦν εἰς θέματος τάξιν καὶ στρατηγίδος αὐτὴν καταλῆξαι. Ἐπαρχία Μακεδονίας αʹ· ὑπὸ κονσιλάριον, πόλεις λ[β]ʹ· Θεσσαλονίκη, Πέλλη, Εὔρωπος, ∆ίος, Βέρροια, Ἐορδαία, Ἔδεσσα, Κέλλη, Ἀλμωπία, Ἡράκλεια Λάκκου, Ἀντανία, Γέμινδος, Νικεδής, ∆ιόβουρος, Ἰδομένη, Βράγυλος, Πρίμανα, Μαρώνεια, Ἀμφίπολις, Νεάπολις, Ἀπολλωνία, Τόπειρος τὸ νῦν Ῥούσιον, Νικόπολις, †Ἰθάπολις†, Ἄκανθος, Κερεόπυργος, Βέρπη, Ἄραλος, ∆ιοκλητιανούπολις, Σεβαστόπολις. Ἐπαρχία Μακεδονίας βʹ· ὑφ' ἡγεμόνα, πόλεις ηʹ· Στόλοι, Ἄργος, Εὐστράϊον, Πελαγονία, Βάργαλα, Κελαινίδιον, Ἁρμονία, Ζάπαρα. Ἐπαρχία Θεσσαλίας· ὑπὸ τὸν αὐτόν, πόλεις ιζʹ· Λάρισσα, ∆ημητριάς, Θῆβαι, Ἐχιναιός, Λάμια, Τρίκη, Γόμφοι, Ὑπάτη αἱ νῦν λεγόμεναι Νέαι Πάτραι, Μητρόπολις, Καισάρεια, Φάρσαλος, Βουραμίνσιος, σάλτος Ἰ[ωανν]ούβιος, νῆσος Σκίαθος, νῆσος Σκέπολα, νῆσος Πεπάρηθος. Ἕως ὧδε τὸ θέμα Μακεδονίας. ευροπ.3 Τρίτον θέμα Στρυμόνοσ Τὸ δὲ θέμα τοῦ Στρυμόνος τῇ Μακεδονίᾳ συντέτακται καὶ οὐδαμοῦ τούτου λόγος ἐστὶ περὶ θέματος, ἀλλ' εἰς κλεισούρας τάξιν λελόγισται· καὶ Σκύθαι αὐτὸ ἀντὶ Μακεδόνων διανέμονται, Ἰουστινιανοῦ τοῦ Ῥινοτμήτουἐν τοῖς ὄρεσι τοῦ Στρυμόνος καὶ ταῖς διαβάθραις τῶν κλεισουρῶν τούτους ἐγκατοικίσαντος. ευροπ.4 Τέταρτον θέμα Θεσσαλονίκη Τὸ δὲ νῦν εἰς θέματος τάξιν χρηματίζον Θεσσαλονίκη καὶ αὐτὸ Μακεδονίας μέρος τυγχάνει. Καὶ ἵνα μὴ λέγω τοὺς ἔξωθεν καὶ παλαιοὺς τοῦ τοιούτου μάρτυρας πράγματος, ἀξιόχρεως μάρτυς ὁ ἅγιος τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἀπόστολος Παῦλος Μακεδονίαν ταύτην ἀποκαλῶν· γράφει δ' οὕτως· "παρόντος ἡμῖν Ἀριστάρχου Μακεδόνος Θεσσαλονικέως". Ἡ γὰρ Θεσσαλονίκη μητρόπολίς ἐστι τῆς Μακεδονίας. Ἀλλὰ καὶ Ἱεροκλῆς ὁ γραμματικὸς ἐν ταῖς μακεδονικαῖς αὐτὴν τέθεικε πόλεσιν. Ἔχει δὲ τὴν ὀνομασίαν ἀπὸ τοιαύτης αἰτίας· Φίλιππος ὁ Ἀμύντου Θεσσαλοὺς ἐκεῖ νικήσας τῇ θυγατρὶ καὶ τῇ πόλει ὁμωνύμως τὸ ὄνομα ἔθετο. ευροπ.5 Πέμπτον θέμα τῆς Εὐρώπης Ἑλλάσ Ἑλλὰς ἡ χώρα ἐκλήθη ἀπὸ Ἕλληνος τοῦ ∆ευκαλίωνος, ὃς δυναστεύσας τῆς Φθιώτιδος τοὺς ὑπηκόους ἑαυτῷ γενομένους ἀντὶ Γραικῶν Ἕλληνας ἐκάλεσε· καὶ τότε πρῶτον Ἑλλὰς ὠνομάσθη. Οὐκ ἦν δὲ τοῦτο παλαιὸν ὄνομα ἔθνους, ἀλλὰ φωνῆς τῆς Ἑλληνικῆς ἰδίωμα, ὡς ὁ συγγραφεὺς [ ̓Αλέξανδρός] φησι, τὴν ὀνομασίαν νεωτερικὴν εἰδώς· "δοκεῖ δέ μοι, οὐδὲ τὸ ὄνομα τοῦτο σύμπασά πως εἶχεν ἡ χώρα"· οὐδὲ ὁ ποιητὴς ἐμνήσθη Ἑλλήνων, Ἀργείους αὐτοὺς ἀποκαλῶν, ἀλλὰ Θεσσαλοὺς μόνον ἀποκαλῶν, καὶ Ἑλλάδα τὴν ὑπ' Ἀχιλλεῖ πόλιν, ὡς Ἀλέξανδρός φησιν ὁ πολυίστωρ·"οὐδαμοῦ τοὺς σύμπαντας ὠνόμασεν Ἕλληνας, οὐδ' ἄλλους ἢ τοὺς μετὰ Ἀχιλλέως ἐκ τῆς Φθιώτιδος" πρὸς τὴν Ἴλιον ἐκπλεύσαντας. Ἔχει δὲ τὸθέμα τῆς Ἑλλάδος πόλεις οθʹ· αʹ μὲν Σκάρφειαν, βʹ Ἐλατίνα, γʹ ∆αύλιον, δʹ Χαιρώνειαν, εʹ Ναύπακτον, ʹ ∆ελφούς, ζʹ Ἄμφισσαν, καὶ τὰς