De capta thessalonica 3 a work by eustathios of thessalonica on its hopefully later capture, which had been weakened by a narrative of cachexia during

 Bearable and full of mourning and wanting springs of tears and some such things, but he who, as they say, was sown in a net and, like us, was caught u

 Most people raised their eyes as to mountains, to the acropolis, where they eagerly awaited help would be for them. but what especially accuses the gr

 Having practiced stretching out his hands like a woman to his pursuers, to slip into a fortress and to give trouble to those who ran after him, lest t

 David, who had lost his senses, whom i had previously blessed when he was in his right mind. and i thus also admired the emperor andronikos in other t

 Completely under age, not only unable to rule a very great empire by himself, but not even to be firmly disposed as boys are, of course, he had alread

 The protostrator alexios and john the eparch, and imprisonment held them and before that, things exceedingly dishonorable. but the boiling of anger on

 For should one measure things beyond measure?) a great disturbance of those of the palace, as much as was for god and the truth according to him, of

 But when the illusion proved false and the war was brought to an end in the late afternoon, having cast down many and filled the southern cemetery, th

 Thus men suffer for for the most part we multiply and magnify what we admire, as being unable to be precise because the soul is confounded by astound

 The present evils are fitting. and to recount the terrible things of that time, all that the latins saw, the fire which spread through their quarters,

 Kontostephanos, an energetic and sensible man, and countless others. but these things were unknown to the crowd and they did not know that he raged ag

 And he also sent them into exile into perpetual banishment. and after a short while, having divided those who had been imprisoned, he separated them i

 To be shamed but if not even so he should yield, being stubborn, to try even violence, and they say it is better for that one to suffer what he does

 Moreover and not enduring it if, having just found an opportunity, he would not take wing, like some demonic figure, he himself tries to surpass in ev

 Having said what seemed best, he was quiet. and for the rest, so that i may not chatter on about worldly unpleasantness, a rush of evils takes place t

 Manuel, and he curses, that he would not come to a worthy state of living in peace, that those alone would be grandeurs when his father died. and he b

 The marchese was left to remain in peace, just as neither was the kral of hungary and any other powerful neighbor. and generally, wherever there was m

 A certain boy, who appeared to be of a similar complexion and age to the emperor alexios. and that child was, they say, a peasant boy from somewhere i

 He annihilated the rest. and his knights were so boastful in their nature that each would stand against three hundred men in war, not at all unlike co

 About to happen, inferring it from many signs. we, at least, anticipating the enemy's attack, sent away those who were children of constantinople with

 For the man was truly master of his hands but he provoked the victorious one to exhaust his desire to laugh at the emperor, and drove the matter to a

 Laws of city-takers, in which, on account of their unwieldiness from size, no effect shone forth, but those around the eastern parts, and they were es

 Not to meddle further, unless they should choose to suffer evils. though he was obliged to supply sufficient grain for the city, he neglected it to su

 Having completely withdrawn his skill, lets the ship be dashed against a reef and sink to the bottom with its cargo and men. so too a guard of a fruit

 Of those seated around to release even one stone from a sling, then also to suggest to the sandal-stitchers on the walls to reproach the latins rounda

 The besiegers because the latins had entirely turned to resisting against choumnos, he, having with difficulty opened the gates and having allowed, fo

 To rebuke the general and to join in leading towards the good. and one might call these men, who had undertaken to remain in the city, no longer civil

 Stripping and running down the streets, known to those who saw them, thus giving proof that they were formerly conspirators. and there is no way that

 He wished, and as a result the enemy host was more emboldened, and even more so especially when, after choumnos had joined battle, though it was possi

 Very strongly fortified. we spoke thus, and the speech flowed away at random, itself as well. and the small stone-throwers were vexing the city, casti

 To the enemies. and with the soldiers shouting in a common cry, komnenos, halt and dismount, he, as if snorting back a final mount up and as you

 But i think this was stranger than that, that when rain poured down from what the enemies were scattering, plowing, indeed, but not sowing the beautif

 In blood, i was led about on horseback through heaps of others, the greater part of whom lay strewn before the wall, so densely packed, that my little

 Of the storm. and if it were made useless for the trees, and especially the fig trees, whose unripe fruit was unlawfully served to the savage beasts f

 But this would be judged as bordering on fighting against god. for the barbarians, rushing in even against each one of them, were committing all sorts

 They tore down when they arrived. and the ruler restrained the murders there, but there was no stopping the suffocation of those who fled into the chu

 By the command of the counts. and it was a sabbath, not having a flight, which one might evangelically pray to avert, but the destruction of so great

 Redness. it was therefore a task to recognize even one's dearest friend among them and each man would ask each other who on earth he might be, becaus

 Thus confounding good order and dissolving the sacred harmony. and i spoke reverently about this also to count alduin, if somehow order might be estab

 To crush the man, goading the horse to kick. thus did these men love us, frequently for every word and every deed putting forward as a justification f

 Of the longed for ones the executioners, or may they have pity. for something like this did indeed happen at times, as if a hungry and biting lion, th

 To relate moderate things out of countless ones but the events of the nights, not even they fail to rival these in contention. and for a time, with t

 They grieved those who kept treasure-houses by ransacking them for the sake of wealth, thus themselves implying that they understood hades as plouton.

 Through all of us and most provident. for it is reported to us that he ordered all-night vigils around the great churches, he jesting even then. for w

 They busied their swords upon them, and afterwards they left completely empty what it contained within, both things for healing and with which the suf

 They cast our people in, and declaring blessed not them but the disease, and now perhaps even death according to the people of gades, among whom hades

 Is fitting, but only by thanksgivings and glory to the most high, from whom and through whom are our affairs. what then prevents me from ceasing after

 Mercilessness towards those who offend in some small way, from which came the merciless thing that just now cast us down, a most just thing, since we,

and he also sent them into exile into perpetual banishment. And after a short while, having divided those who had been imprisoned, he separated them into those blinded with iron and those not so, so that, I suppose, those who could see, looking at the maimed, might always live in fear and thus increase the evil of their imprisonment. And having remained not for a long time, he longed to attain the higher rank, having condemned that first step as lowly. Therefore, grumbling was contrived by him again, and gravity was put forward and an unbearable burden of cares, and that it would not be tolerable for him, if he was in danger of suffering in many ways. But in fact he was suffering nothing, but he was inwardly plotting to subject many himself to intolerable sufferings in the future. And as he persisted for a long time grum 42 bling and feigning displeasure and in his soul ruling the Great City like a king, but with his tongue proposing Paphlagonia and the fine things which he himself had spoken of there, of which Constantinople was supposedly deprived, and he boasted of treasures kept for him there, himself fabricating this as some sort of "door of Phanias" for those who did not know what kind of fortune had driven him before these things. And such utterances were voiced by the man in frequent crowds and continuously, and sometimes even among some of the more hot-headed in public and those whom nothing frightens because they have nothing by which they might be terrified; and it pleased such men to cry out that "if things here are not good for you, nor is it possible to remain for the good of the Great City, who would be the one to think of opposing the salvation of such a man?" and that "the Hodegetria, our guardian of the city, will herself suffice in place of all to accomplish what is advantageous for us." Therefore, when he was thus terrified by the things he said in jest, he immediately fell silent, having taken down the theatrical stage and adding nothing more to say. And indeed, having seen this contrivance open into the void and having himself said proverbially that this line of ours has pulled in nothing and having judged the pretense of wanting to leave to be not a good thing, as the pretense and its color remade what he had plotted against the empire and rendered him a subordinate instead of a ruler, he turns to another, more clever, scheme. And this was to no longer deem it worthy for the mob-like and rabble to come to speak with him directly, but the prominent men among them and those able to lead the majority and to be the head as of a tail. Those were villainous men, lovers of sedition, makers of mobs, each one like a king over his own kind. For we who are more frivolous are fond of easily following those who command us, who guide us towards what we are naturally inclined; and the many of us are naturally inclined towards the love of novelty, being desirous of new occurrences and demanding that time present to us different, strange things at different times. Therefore, those who held the first places among the people and were able to stir up the rest, having been presented, as it were, by Andronikos with what was to be willed by him, then they themselves devised arguments, in the manner of those skilled at contriving such things, through which they would attempt to accomplish the outrageous and, one hesitates to say, also the absurd; and having been initiated into the unholy thing, they were consecrated to it and held torches to bring into the light things worthy of darkness, and having persuaded the crowds that the city could not escape being destroyed, unless they joined Andronikos to the young and untrained Alexios in the imperial rule, one well versed 44 in such arts and able to bear the imperial yoke with him, not so as to cast it down, but rather to support it and to magnify his smallness by a partnership in one office, but by a superiority in toils and labors, to which Andronikos was well accustomed, having been trained, as the saying goes, in much-wandering wanderings, they stirred up not a few to be persuaded to listen correctly and to be inflamed for the accomplishment of the co-ruling as emperors of both Alexios and Andronikos. And at first the sophism was gently whispered, but afterwards it was spoken, and a little later it was also shouted out more clearly. And it was necessary, therefore, that Andronikos be openly summoned to the rule and, if he were not persuaded, but then

δὲ καὶ ἐς ἀειφυγίαν ὑπερορίους ἔστειλε. Μετὰ βραχὺ δὲ καὶ τοὺς καθειρχθέντας ὑποδιελών, ἐμέρισεν εἴς τε τυφλοὺς ἐκ σιδήρου καὶ μὴ τοιούτους, ὡς ἄν, οἶμαι, βλέποντες αὐτοὶ τοὺς πεπηρωμένους ἀεὶ ζῶσιν ἔμφοβοι καὶ συνεπαύξωσιν οὕτω τὸ κακὸν τῆς καθείρξεως. Οὐ πολὺν δὲ χρόνον μείνας, ἐπιβαλεῖν ἐφίεται καὶ τῷ ὑπερανεστηκότι βαθμῷ, καταγνοὺς τῆς πρώτης ἐκείνης βαθμίδος ὡς ταπεινῆς. Γογγυσμὸς τοίνυν αὖθις αὐτῷ τεχνᾶται καὶ βαρύτης προβάλλεται καὶ φόρτος φροντίδων οὐ φορητὸς καὶ ὡς οὐκ ἂν εἴη αὐτῷ στερκτέα, εἰ οὕτω πάσχειν κινδυνεύει τρόποις πολλοῖς. Ἔπασχε δὲ ἄρα οὐδέν, ἀλλ' ἐνδόμυχος ἦν πολλοὺς αὐτὸς ὑποβαλεῖν καὶ εἰσαῦθις ἀτλήτοις παθήμασιν. Ὡς δὲ ἐπέμενε μακρὰ γογ 42 γύζων καὶ κατὰ σχῆμα δυσανασχετῶν καὶ τῇ μὲν ψυχῇ νεμόμενος βασιλικῶς τὴν Μεγαλόπολιν, τῇ δὲ γλώσσῃ τὴν Παφλαγονίαν προφέρων καὶ ἅπερ αὐτὸς ἐρρητόρευεν ἐκεῖσε καλά, ὧν δῆθεν Κωνσταντινούπολις ἐστέρετο, καὶ θησαυροὺς ἐκόμπαζεν ἐκεῖ πεφυλαγμένους αὐτῷ, Φανίου δή τινα θύραν καὶ αὐτὸς ταύτην ἀναπλαττόμενος τοῖς ἀγνοοῦσιν οἵα τύχη αὐτὸν τὰ πρὸ τούτων ἤλαυνε. Καὶ ἦσαν τὰ τοιαῦτα προβλήματα φωνασκούμενα τῷ ἀνδρὶ ἐν συχνοῖς ὄχλοις καὶ συνεχῶς, καί ποτε καὶ παρά τισι τῶν θερμοτέρων ἐν τῷ κοινῷ καὶ οὓς οὐδέν τι ἐκφοβεῖ διὰ τὸ μὴ ἔχειν πρᾶγμα, καθ' ὃ δεδίξονται· καὶ ἤρεσε τοῖς τοιούτοις ἀναβοῆσαι ὡς «εἰ μὴ καλά σοι τὰ ἐνταῦθα, οὐδ' ἔστι προσμένειν ἐπ' ἀγαθῷ τῆς Μεγαλοπόλεως, τίς ἂν εἴη ὁ προσίστασθαι φρονῶν σωτηρίᾳ τοιούτου ἀνδρός;» καὶ ὅτι «ἡ Ὁδηγήτρια, ἡ πολιοῦχος ἡμῶν, ἀρκέσει αὐτὴ ἀντὶ πάντων καταπράξεσθαι τὰ ἡμῖν σύμφορα». Ὡς τοίνυν, ἐφ' οἷς παίζων ἐλάλει, οὕτως ἐμπεφορβείωτο, σιγᾷ εὐθὺς τὴν ὑποκριτικὴν σκηνὴν καθελὼν καὶ μηδέν τι πλέον εἰπεῖν προσθέμενος. Καὶ γοῦν τὴν μηχανὴν ταύτην εἰς κενὸν ἰδὼν σχάσασαν καί που καὶ αὐτὸς παροιμιωδῶς εἰπὼν ὡς αὕτη μὲν ἡ μήρινθος ἡμῖν οὐδὲν ἔσπασε καὶ τὸν ἀκκισμὸν τοῦ ἐθέλειν ἀπελθεῖν γνωματεύσας οὐκ ἀγαθὸν εἶναι, οἷα τοῦ σχηματισμοῦ καὶ τοῦ χρώματος ἀναποιοῦντος ἅπερ κατὰ τῆς βασιλείας ἐβουλεύσατο καὶ ἀποτελοῦντος αὐτὸν ἀντὶ ἄρχοντος ὕπαρχον, ἑτέρας γίνεται σοφωτέρας περιεργίας. Ἡ δὲ ἦν μηκέτι ἀμέσως τοὺς ὀχλικοὺς καὶ ξύγκλυδας εἰς ὁμιλίαν ἀξιοῦν ἥκειν αὐτῷ, ἀλλὰ τοὺς ἐν αὐτοῖς προύχοντας καὶ οἵους ἔχειν περιάγειν τοὺς πλείονας καὶ κεφαλαρχεῖν ὡς ἐν οὐραῖς. Ἀλιτήριοι ἄνθρωποι ἐκεῖνοι, φιλοστασιασταί, ὀχλοκόποι, βασιλεῖς οἷον ἕκαστος περὶ τοὺς ὁμοήθεις. Φιλοῦμεν γὰρ οἱ ἐλαφρότεροι εὐκόλως ἕπεσθαι κελεύουσι τοῖς πρὸς ἃ πεφύκαμεν ὁδηγοῦσι· πεφύκαμεν δὲ οἱ πολλοὶ πρὸς τὸ φιλόκαινον, ἐπιθυμηταὶ ὄντες καινῶν ξυμβαμάτων καὶ τὸν χρόνον ἀπαιτοῦντες ἐγκαινίζειν ἡμῖν ἄλλοτε ἄλλα ξενίζοντα. Οἱ τοίνυν τῶν τοῦ δήμου τὰ πρῶτα φέροντες καὶ ἀνεγείρειν τοὺς λοιποὺς ἔχοντες προβληματισθέντες οἷον ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἀνδρονίκου τὸ βουλητέον ἐκείνῳ, εἶτα τόπους αὐτοὶ ἐξεύρισκον κατὰ τοὺς δεινοὺς τοιαῦτα σοφίζεσθαι, δι' ὧν ἐπιχειρήσαντες συμπερανοῦσι τὸ ἔκτοπον καί, ὀκνητέον δὲ εἰπεῖν, καὶ ἄτοπον· καὶ μυστηριασθέντες τὸ μὴ ὅσιον, ἐτελοῦντο πρὸς ἐκεῖνο καὶ ἐδᾳδούχουν εἰς ἐμφανὲς τὰ σκότους ἄξια, καὶ ἀναπείσαντες τοὺς ὄχλους μὴ ἂν ἐκφυγεῖν τὴν πόλιν τὸ ἀπολεῖσθαι, εἰ μὴ τῷ μικρῷ καὶ ἀγυμνάστῳ Ἀλεξίῳ τὰ εἰς βασιλείαν τὸν Ἀνδρόνικον συνδυάσουσιν, εὖ μάλα δεδασμένον καὶ 44 τὰ εἰς τοιαύτας τέχνας καὶ οἷόν τε τὰ ὄντα συνδιαφέρειν ἐκείνῳ τὸν βασίλειον ζυγόν, οὐχ ὥστε μὴν καὶ καταρριπτεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ μάλιστα ὑπανέχειν καὶ τὴν ἐκείνου μεγαλύνειν σμικρότητα κοινωνίᾳ μὲν ἀξίας μιᾶς, ὑπεροχῇ δὲ κόπων καὶ πόνων, οἷς ὁ Ἀνδρόνικος εἴθιστο ἄδδην, πολυπλάνοις πλάναις κατὰ τὸν εἰπόντα γεγυμνασμένος, ἤγειραν οὐκ ὀλίγους ἀναπεισθῆναι ὀρθῶς ἀκούειν καὶ διαθερμανθῆναι εἰς ἐξάνυσιν τοῦ συνάρχειν βασιλικῶς τόν τε Ἀλέξιον τόν τε Ἀνδρόνικον. Καὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν μὲν ὑπεψιθυρίζετο ἠρέμα τὸ σόφισμα, μετὰ δὲ ἐλαλεῖτο, μικρὸν δὲ ὅσον καὶ ἐξεβοᾶτο τρανέστερον. Καὶ ἔδει λοιπὸν ἐμφανῶς προκληθῆναι εἰς τὴν ἀρχὴν τὸν Ἀνδρόνικον καί, εἰ μὴ πείθοιτο, ἀλλὰ τότε