John Chrysostom, On Priesthood

slandered, was in the gravest danger, at that time, when no one was accusing you, nor did he who was about to be in danger ask for it, you threw yourself into the midst of the dangers; and this indeed was your deed. And that we may also convict you from your words, for when some did not approve of this zeal, while others praised and admired it, "And what can I do?" you said to your accusers; "for I know not how to love otherwise than by giving up my own soul whenever it is necessary to save one of my friends who is in danger." In different words, but with the same meaning, you uttered what Christ said to his disciples when he set the bounds of perfect love: "Greater love has no one than this," he says, "that one lay down his soul for his friends." If, then, no greater love than this can be found, you have reached its perfection, and both by what you did and by what you said you have reached its summit. For this reason we betrayed you, for this reason we wove that deception. Are we persuading you that it was neither from ill-will, nor from a desire to throw you into danger, but because we knew it would be useful, that we dragged you into this contest? {BASIL} "Then do you think," he says, "that the power of love is sufficient for the correction of our neighbors?" {JOHN} "For the most part, a great deal," I said, "it could contribute to this; but if you wish for us to bring forth proofs also of your prudence, we will proceed to this too and will show that you are more wise than affectionate." At this he blushed and turned crimson; {BASIL} "Let my own affairs," he says, "be set aside for now; for I did not ask you for this account from the beginning. But if you have anything just to say to those outside, I would gladly hear the arguments concerning these things. Therefore, putting aside this shadow-boxing, tell me what we shall say in defense to the rest, both those who honored us and those who are grieved on their behalf, as though they were insulted.

2.7 7. That it was not from a desire to insult those who had elected us that we fled the ordination {JOHN} "And I myself, then," I said, "am hastening to this point; for since my speech to you is finished, I will easily turn also to this part of the defense." "What then is their charge and what are the accusations?" "They say that they have been insulted by us and have suffered terribly because we did not accept the honor with which they wished to honor us." But I say this first: that no account ought to be made of an insult to men when by honoring them we are compelled to offend God; for it is not without danger for even those who are indignant to be displeased at these things, but it also has a great penalty. For it is necessary, I think, for those who are dedicated to God and look to Him alone, to be so reverently disposed as not even to consider such a thing an insult, even if they should happen to be dishonored ten thousand times. But that nothing of the sort has been dared by me even in thought, is clear from this. For if it was from madness and ambition, as you often said some allege, that I came to this point, I would be one of those who have done the greatest injustices to vote for the accusers, having scorned admirable and great men who were, moreover, my benefactors; For if wronging those who have done no wrong is worthy of punishment, how ought one to honor those who of their own accord chose to honor us?—for no one could say this, that having received some benefit, small or great, from me, they were repaying those kindnesses—of how great a punishment, then, would it not be worthy to repay them with the opposite? But if we never even considered this, but with a different purpose we declined the heavy burden, why, when they ought to be pardoning us, if indeed they are unwilling to approve, do they accuse us of having spared our own soul? For I was so far from insulting those men that I would even say I have honored them by my refusal. And do not be surprised if what is said is paradoxical; for we shall quickly bring the solution to this also. For then, if not all, at least those who take pleasure in speaking ill, would have much

συκοφαντηθείς, περὶ τῶν ἐσχάτων ἐκινδύνευε, τότε οὔτε ἐγκαλοῦντός σοί τινος, οὔτε ἐκείνου τοῦ κινδυνεύειν μέλλοντος δεηθέντος, εἰς μέσους σαυτὸν ἔρριψας τοὺς κινδύνους· καὶ τὸ μὲν ἔργον τοῦτο ἦν. Ἵνα δέ σε καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ῥημάτων ἐλέγξωμεν, ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τὴν προθυμίαν ταύτην οἱ μὲν οὐκ ἀπεδέχοντο, οἱ δὲ ἐπῄνουν καὶ ἐθαύμαζον, καὶ τί πάθω; πρὸς τοὺς ἐγκαλοῦντας ἔφης· ἑτέρως γὰρ οὐκ οἶδα φιλεῖν ἀλλ' ἢ μετὰ τοῦ καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν ἐκδιδόναι τὴν ἐμαυτοῦ ἡνίκα ἄν τινα τῶν ἐπιτηδείων κινδυνεύοντα διασῶσαι δέῃ. Ῥήμασι μὲν ἑτέροις, διανοίᾳ δὲ τῇ αὐτῇ τὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ φθεγγόμενος ἃ πρὸς τοὺς μαθητὰς ἔλεγε, τῆς τελείας ἀγάπης τοὺς ὅρους τιθείς· «Μείζονα γὰρ ταύτης ἀγάπην οὐδεὶς ἔχει, φησίν, ἢ ἵνα τις τὴν ψυχὴν αὑτοῦ θῇ ὑπὲρ τῶν φίλων αὑτοῦ.» Εἰ τοίνυν μείζονα ταύτης οὐκ ἔστιν εὑρεῖν, ἐπὶ τὸ τέλος αὐτῆς ἔφθασας, καὶ δι' ὧν ἔπραξας καὶ δι' ὧν εἶπας τῆς κορυφῆς ἐπέβης αὐτῆς. ∆ιὰ τοῦτό σε προὐδώκαμεν, διὰ τοῦτο τὸν δόλον ἐρράψαμεν ἐκεῖνον. Ἆρά σε πείθομεν ὅτι οὔτε ἐκ κακονοίας, οὔτε εἰς κίνδυνον ἐμβαλεῖν βουλόμενοι, ἀλλὰ χρήσιμον ἔσεσθαι εἰδότες, εἰς τὸ στάδιον εἵλκομεν τοῦτο; {ΒΑΣ.} Εἶτα ἀρκεῖν οἴει, φησί, πρὸς τὴν τῶν πλησίον διόρθωσιν τὴν τῆς ἀγάπης δύναμιν; {ΙΩ.} Μάλιστα μὲν πολὺ μέρος, ἔφην, πρὸς τοῦτο συμβάλλεσθαι δύναιτ' ἄν· εἰ δὲ βούλει καὶ τῆς φρονήσεως ἡμᾶς τῆς σῆς δείγματα ἐξενεγκεῖν, καὶ ἐπὶ ταύτην βαδιούμεθα καὶ δείξομεν συνετὸν ὄντα μᾶλλον ἢ φιλόστοργον. Ἐπὶ τούτῳ ἐρυθριάσας ἐκεῖνος καὶ φοινιχθείς· {ΒΑΣ.} Τὰ μὲν ἡμέτερα, φησί, παρείσθω νῦν· οὐδὲ γὰρ παρὰ τὴν ἀρχήν σε τὸν ὑπὲρ τούτων λόγον ἀπῄτουν. Εἰ δέ τι πρὸς τοὺς ἔξωθεν δίκαιον ἔχεις εἰπεῖν, ἡδέως ἂν τοὺς ὑπὲρ τούτων ἀκούοιμι λόγους. ∆ιὸ τὴν σκιαμαχίαν ταύτην ἀφείς, εἰπὲ τί πρὸς τοὺς λοιποὺς ἀπολογησόμεθα, καὶ τοὺς τετιμηκότας καὶ τοὺς ὑπὲρ ἐκείνων ὡς ὑβρισμένων ἀλγοῦντας.

2.7 ζʹ. Ὅτι οὐχ ὑβρίσαι βουλόμενοι τοὺς ψηφισαμένους ἐφύγομεν τὴν χειροτονίαν {ΙΩ.} Καὶ αὐτὸς λοιπόν, ἔφην, πρὸς τοῦτο ἐπείγομαι· ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ὁ πρός σέ μοι διήνυσται λόγος, εὐκόλως καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦτο τρέψομαι τῆς ἀπολογίας τὸ μέρος. Τίς οὖν ἡ τούτων κατηγορία καὶ τίνα τὰ ἐγκλήματα; Ὑβρίσθαι φασὶν ὑφ' ἡμῶν καὶ δεινὰ πεπονθέναι ὅτι τὴν τιμὴν ἣν τιμῆσαι ἠθέλησαν, οὐκ ἐδεξάμεθα. Ἐγὼ δὲ πρῶτον μὲν ἐκεῖνό φημι ὅτι οὐδένα λόγον ποιεῖσθαι δεῖ τῆς εἰς ἀνθρώπους ὕβρεως ὅταν διὰ τῆς εἰς ἐκείνους τιμῆς ἀναγκαζώμεθα προσκρούειν Θεῷ· οὐδὲ γὰρ τοῖς ἀγανακτοῦσιν αὐτοῖς τὸ δυσχεραίνειν ἐπὶ τούτοις ἀκίνδυνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πολλὴν ἔχει τὴν ζημίαν. ∆εῖ γάρ, οἶμαι, τοὺς ἀνακειμένους Θεῷ καὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν βλέποντας μόνον, οὕτω διακεῖσθαι εὐλαβῶς ὡς μηδὲ ὕβριν τὸ τοιοῦτο ἡγεῖσθαι, κἂν μυριάκις ἠτιμωμένοι τυγχάνοιεν. Ὅτι δὲ οὐδὲ μέχρι ἐννοίας τετόλμηταί τι τοιοῦτον ἐμοί, δῆλον ἐκεῖθεν. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἀπονοίᾳ καὶ φιλοδοξίᾳ, ὡς πολλάκις ἔφης τινὰς διαβάλλειν, ἐπὶ τοῦτο ἦλθον ἐγὼ ψηφίσασθαι τοῖς κατηγόροις, τῶν τὰ μέγιστα ἠδικηκότων ἂν εἴην, ἀνδρῶν καταφρονήσας θαυμαστῶν καὶ μεγάλων καὶ πρὸς τούτοις εὐεργετῶν· Εἰ γὰρ τὸ τοὺς μηδὲν ἠδικηκότας ἀδικεῖν κολάσεως ἄξιον, τοὺς τιμῆσαι προελομένους ἀφ' ἑαυτῶν πῶς τιμᾶν χρή; -οὐδὲ γὰρ τοῦτο ἔχοι τις ἂν εἰπεῖν ὅτι εὖ παθόντες ἢ μικρὸν ἢ μέγα παρ' ἐμοῦ, τῶν εὐεργεσιῶν ἐκείνων ἐξέτισαν τὰς ἀμοιβάς-πόσης οὖν οὐκ ἂν εἴη τιμωρίας ἄξιον τοῖς ἐναντίοις ἀμείβεσθαι; Εἰ δὲ τοῦτο μὲν οὐδὲ εἰς νοῦν ἐβαλόμεθά ποτε, μεθ' ἑτέρας δὲ προαιρέσεως τὸ βαρὺ φορτίον ἐξεκλίναμεν, τί παρέντες συγγινώσκειν, εἴ γε ἀποδέχεσθαι μὴ βούλοιντο, ἐγκαλοῦσιν ὅτι τῆς ἑαυτῶν ἐφεισάμεθα ψυχῆς; Ἐγὼ γὰρ τοσοῦτον ἀπέσχον εἰς τοὺς ἄνδρας ὑβρίσαι ἐκείνους ὅτι καὶ τετιμηκέναι αὐτοὺς φαίην ἂν τῇ παραιτήσει. Καὶ μὴ θαυμάσῃς, εἰ παράδοξον τὸ λεγόμενον· ταχεῖαν γὰρ καὶ τούτου τὴν λύσιν ἐπάξομεν. Τότε μὲν γάρ, εἰ καὶ μὴ πάντες, ἀλλ' οἷς τὸ κακῶς ἀγορεύειν ἡδύ, πολλὰ ἂν