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this might justly be called madness rather than wisdom. Thus, therefore, the mind of the pagan philosophers too, a divine gift, having innate rational wisdom, but having been turned aside by the suggestions of the evil one to a foolish and wicked and senseless thing, as presiding over such doctrines, has refashioned wisdom. But if someone should say again that not even the desire and knowledge of demons is altogether evil, for they desire to be and to live and to think—first (p. 108), he will justly hear back from us in turn that he should not justly be vexed at our calling the wisdom among the Greeks, with the brother of God, 'demonic,' as being full of strife and containing almost every worthless dogma, since it has indeed fallen short of its proper end, that is, the knowledge of God; for even so it will partake of the good as a final and faint echo. Then we also ask him to consider this, that nothing evil, insofar as it exists, is evil, but it has fallen away from its fitting and proper activity and from the end of that activity.

What, then, is the work and end of those seeking the wisdom of God in creation? Is it not the acquisition of truth and the doxology to the creator? This is surely clear to all. But the knowledge of the external philosophers has fallen short of both. But is there also something useful for us in it? Very much so. For even in things taken from the flesh of serpents there is much that is potent and therapeutic, and the sons of physicians consider the antidote prepared from them to be best and most useful; and even in poisons prepared for deceit, the most pleasant of foods are included, able to conceal the elaborate preparation. There is, therefore, something useful in these things, and perhaps a great deal, like honey mixed with hemlock; but also great is the fear that for those who do not discriminate, some deadly remnant might be taken along with it unnoticed from there. And if you should examine, you would see all or most of the terrible heresies taking their origins from this source, including these 'image-knowers,' who say that man receives that which is 'according to the image' from knowledge and that through it the soul is formed according to God. For according to what was said to (p. 110) Cain, "if you offer correctly, but do not divide correctly". But to divide correctly belongs to quite a few, and only to those who have the faculties of the soul trained for the discernment of good and evil. What need is there, then, to risk danger in vain, especially when it is possible not only without danger, but also profitably, to contemplate the wisdom of God in his creatures? For a life free from care, because of hope in God, naturally moves the soul toward the contemplation of God's creations; and it is astonished as it attends to and delves into this, and it abides in glorifying the Creator, and through this wonder it is led by the hand to greater things; for according to Saint Isaac, it encounters treasures that cannot be expressed by the tongue and, using prayer as a kind of key, through it penetrates to those mysteries "which eye has not seen, and ear has not heard, and have not entered into the heart of man," revealed to the worthy only through the Spirit, as Paul says.

Do you see a most concise and very beneficial and safe road leading to those supernatural and heavenly treasures? But in the case of profane wisdom, one must first kill the serpent, having cast down the arrogance that has come to you from it (and what a difficult task this is; for, they say, "humility will tame the unnatural arrogance of philosophy"); and having cast it down nevertheless, then one must divide and cast away both head and tail, as extreme and unmitigated evils, that is, the clearly erroneous opinion concerning intelligible and divine things and first principles, and the mythology concerning created things. But what is in between, that is, the discourses on nature, just as the pharmacists with fire and water the

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παραφροσύνη μᾶλλον ἤ φρόνησις αὕτη δικαίως ἄν προσρηθείη. Οὕτω τοίνυν καί ὁ τῶν ἔξω φιλοσόφων νοῦς δόμα θεῖον, ἔμφυτον ἔχων τήν ἔμφρονα σοφίαν, παρατραπείς δέ τοῖς ὑποβολαῖς τοῦ πονηροῦ εἰς μωράν καί πονηράν καί ἄνουν ὡς προϊσταμένην τοιοούτων δογμάτων, μετεποίησε σοφίαν. Εἰ δέ τις αὖθις φαίη μηδέ τήν τῶν δαιμόνων ἔφεσιν καί γνῶσιν εἶναι παντάπασι κακόν, ἐφίενται γάρ τοῦ εἶναι καί ζῆν καί νοεῖν πρῶτον μέν (σελ. 108) ἐκεῖνο δικαίως παρ᾿ ἡμῶν αὖθις ἀντακούσεται μή δικαίως δυσχεραίνειν δαιμονιώδη μετά τοῦ ἀδελφοθέου, ὡς ἔριδος γέμουσαν καί πᾶν σχεδόν φαῦλον δόγμα περιέχουσαν, τήν ἐν τοῖς Ἕλλησι σοφίαν ἡμῶν ἀποκαλούντων, ἅτε δή καί τοῦ οἰκείου τέλους ἔκπτωτον, τῆς θεογνωσίας δηλαδή˙ μεθέξει γάρ καί οὕτω τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ κατ᾿ ἔσχατον καί ἀμυδρόν ἀπήχημα. Ἔπειτα καί τοῦτο διανοεῖσθαι τοῦτον ἀξιοῦμεν, ὡς οὐδέν κακόν, ᾗ ἐστι, κακόν ἐστι, ἀλλ᾿ ἡ τῆς καταλλήλου τε καί προσηκούσης ἐνεργείας καί τοῦ τῆς ἐνεργείας τέλους ἀποπέπτωκε.

Τί τοίνυν ἔργον τε καί τέλος τῶν ζητούντων τήν ἐν τοῖς κτίσμασι Θεοῦ σοφίαν; Οὐχ ἡ τῆς ἀληθείας ἐμπορία καί ἡ πρός τόν κτίσαντα δοξολογία; Παντί που δῆλον. Ἀλλ᾿ ἀμφοτέρων διαπέπτωκεν ἡ τῶν ἔξω φιλοσόφων γνῶσις. Ἀλλ᾿ ἔνεστι καί τι χρήσιμον ἡμῖν ἐν ταύτῃ; Πάνυ γε. Καί γάρ ἐν τοῖς τῶν ὀφείων σαρκῶν ἀπειλημμένοις πολύ τό δραστικόν καί θεραπευτικόν καί ἰατρῶν παῖδες ἀντιδότων ἀρίστην καί χρησιμωτάτην τήν ἐκ τούτων συνεσκευασμένην ἥγηνται˙ κἄν τοῖς πρός ἀπάτην συνεσκευασμένοις τῶν δηλητηρίων τῶν ἐδωδίμων τά ἥδιστα παραλαμβάνεται, συγκαλύψαι δυνάμενα τήν περίεργον κατασκευήν. Ἔστι τοίνυν χρήσιμον ἐν τούτοις καί πολύ γ᾿ ἴσως ὡς μέλι κωνείῳ παραμιχθέν˙ ἀλλά καί πολύ τό δέος μή διακρίνουσιν ἐκεῖθεν λάθῃ τι συναποληφθέν λείψανον θανατηγόρον. Κἄν ἐξετάσῃς, ἴδοις ἄν πάσας ἤ τάς πλείστας τῶν δεινῶν αἱρέσεων ἐντεῦθεν λαβούσας τάς ἀρχάς, καί τούς εἰκονογνώστας τούτους, οἵ φασιν ἐκ τῆς γνώσεως τό κατ᾿ εἰκόνα τόν ἄνθρωπον λαμβάνειν καί δι᾿ αὐτῆς κατά Θεόν μορφοῦσθαι τήν ψυχήν. Κατά γάρ τό πρός τόν (σελ. 110) Κάϊν εἰρημένην «οὐκ ἄν ὀρθῶς προσενέγκοις, ὀρθῶς δέ μή διέλῃς». Τό δέ διελεῖν ὀρθῶς ἐπιεικῶς ὀλίγων, κἀκείνων μόνων, ὅσοι τά αἰσθητήρια τῆς ψυχῆς ἔχουσι γεγυμνασμένα πρός διάκρισιν καλοῦ τε καί κακοῦ. Τίς τοίνυν χρεία παρακινδυνεύειν μάτην, καί ταῦτ᾿ ἐνόν οὐχ ὅπως ἀκινδύνως, ἀλλά καί λυσιτελῶς, τήν ἐν τοῖς κτίσμασι Θεοῦ σοφίαν κατιδεῖν; Ἄφροντις γάρ βίος διά τήν εἰς Θεόν ἐλπίδα φυσικῶς κινεῖ τήν ψυχήν πρός κατανόησιν τῶν κτισμάτων τοῦ Θεοῦ˙ ἐκπλήττεταί τε ταύτῃ προσανέχουσα καί ἐμβαθύνουσα, καί παραμένει δοξάζουσα τόν κτίστην, καί διά τοῦ θαύματος τούτου χειραγωγεῖται πρός τά μείζω˙ κατά γάρ τόν ἅγιον Ἰσαάκ θησαυροῖς ἐντυγχάνει διά γλώττης φρασθῆναι μή δυναμένοις καί οἷά τινι κλείθρῳ χρησαμένη τῇ εὐχῇ, δι᾿ αὐτῆς εἰσδύεται πρός τά μυστήρια ἐκεῖνα «ἅ ὀφθαλμός οὐκ οἶδε, καί οὖς οὐκ ἤκουσε, καί ἐπί καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἀνέβη», διά μόνου τοῦ Πνεύματος, καθά φησιν ὁ Παῦλος, φανερούμενα τοῖς ἀξίοις.

Ὁρᾷς ἐπιτομωτάτην καί πολυωφελῆ καί ἀκίνδυνον ὁδόν πρός αὐτούς φέρουσαν τούς ὑπερφυεῖς καί οὐρανίους θησαυρούς; Ἐπί δέ τῆς θύραθεν σοφίας, δεῖ μέν πρῶτον τόν ὄφιν ἀποκτεῖναι, καθελόντα σε τό παρ᾿ αὐτῆς προσγενόμενόν σοι φύσημα (πόσης δέ τοῦτο δυσχερείας˙ «ταπεινώσει» γάρ, φασίν, «ἔκφυλον τό τῆς φιλοσοφίας φρύαγμα)˙ καθελόντα δ᾿ ὅμως, ἔπειτα διελεῖν καί διαρρῖψαι κεφαλήν τε καί οὐράν, ὡς ἄκρα καί ἄκρατα κακά, τήν περί τῶν νοερῶν καί θείων καί ἀρχῶν δηλαδή σαφῶς πεπλανημένην δόξαν καί τήν ἐν τοῖς κτίσμασι μυθολογίαν. Τό δέ μεταξύ, τούς περί φύσεως τουτέστι λόγους, ὡς οἱ φαρμακοποιοί πυρί καί ὕδατι τάς