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they conjecture impossible things, as the true account, proceeding with reason, will demonstrate.

For if the divine is unmoved, as that which fills all things, and everything that has received its being from non-being is also moved, as being borne in every way toward some cause, and as yet nothing that is moved has come to a stand, since the power of its motion according to desire has not yet rested upon the ultimate object of desire (for nothing else is naturally able to bring to a stand that which is borne according to nature, except that which is revealed), therefore nothing that is moved has come to a stand, since it has not yet attained the ultimate object of desire; since even that has not yet, by appearing, brought to a stand the motion of those borne around it. But if they command that this once happened by an order, and rational beings, having been moved away from their establishment and stability in the ultimate and only object of desire, experienced dispersion, lest by speaking I engage in quibbling, what is the proof, they will reasonably suppose out of necessity that rational beings will have the same transmigrations for the same reasons unto infinity. For what they have once been able to despise through experience, they will also (14∆_066> be able to do forever, there is no reason to prevent it. But for rational beings to be borne about thus and to have or to hope for no unchangeable foundation of steadfastness in the good, what could be more pitiful?

But if they should say that they are able, but not willing, on account of the experience they have had of the contrary, and thus not for its own sake, as good, but on account of the contrary the good will of necessity be cherished by them, as not being by nature or principally lovable. For everything that is not good and lovable for its own sake and attractive of all motion is not principally good. And for this reason it is reasonably not even able to restrain the desire of those who take pleasure in it, but they would then even confess gratitude to evil, 1072 those who hold this opinion, as having been taught what is right through it and having learned how to have stability in the good, and they would necessarily say it has generation, if they have decided to be consistent with themselves, and that it is more useful than nature itself, as being, according to them, instructive of what is expedient, and generative of the most precious possession of all, I mean, of love, according to which all things that come to be from God are naturally gathered to God, abidingly and unswervingly.

And again, of the intelligible and sensible things that have come to be from God, generation is conceived before motion. For it is not possible for motion to be before generation. For motion belongs to things that have come to be, both of intelligible things, intelligible motion, and of sensible things, sensible motion. For none of the things that have come to be is at all unmoved in its own principle, not even inanimate and sensible things themselves, as it seemed to the more careful observers of existing things. For they said that all things are moved, either in a straight line, or in a circle, or helically. For every motion is contained in the simple and the composite mode. If, therefore, generation is conceived before the motion of the things whose it is, then motion is observed of the generation of the things whose it is, (14∆_068> as being subsequent to it in conception. And this motion they call a natural power, hastening toward its proper end, or passion, that is, a motion, proceeding from one thing to another, having impassibility as its end, or an active energy, having self-completion as its end. But nothing of generated things is its own end, since it is neither its own cause, for then it would be ungenerated and without beginning and unmoved, as being unable to be moved in any way toward anything. For it departs from the nature of existing things, as existing for the sake of nothing, if the definition concerning it is true, even if the one who says it is a stranger. The end is that for the sake of which all things are, but it itself is for the sake of nothing. Nor is it self-complete, since it would also be inactive, as being full, and likewise having its being from nowhere. For that which is self-complete is also in a way uncaused. Nor is it impassible, since it would also be alone and infinite and uncircumscribed. For that which is impassible is by nature not affected at all, by neither loving another, or being moved toward anything else according to desire.

Therefore nothing of generated things that is moved has come to a stand, since it has not yet attained the first and only cause, from which being belongs to existing things, or come to be within the ultimate object of desire, so that the dispersion of rational beings from a pre-existing henad might be thought to have consequently introduced along with itself the generation of bodies. And Moses and testify

14

τῶν ἀμηχάνων καταστοχάζονται, καθώς προϊών μετά τοῦ εἰκότος ὁ ἀληθής ἀποδείξει λόγος.

Εἰ γάρ τό θεῖον ἀκίνητον, ὡς πάντων πληρωτικόν, πᾶν δέ τό ἐκ μή ὄντων τό εἶναι λαβόν καί κινητόν, ὡς πρός τινα πάντως φερόμενον αἰτίαν, οὔπω δέ οὐδέν κινούμενον ἔστη, ὡς τῆς κατ᾿ ἔφεσιν κινήσεως τήν δύναμιν μήπω τῷ ἐσχάτῳ προσαναπαῦσαν ὀρεκτῷ (οὐδέν γάρ ἱστᾷν ἄλλο τό φερόμενον κατά φύσιν πέφυκεν ἤ ἐκεῖνο δεικνύμενον), οὐδέν ἄρα κινούμενον ἔστη, ὡς τοῦ ἐσχάτου μήπω τυχόν ὀρεκτοῦ· ἐπεί μηδ᾿ ἐκεῖνό πω φανέν τῶν περί αὐτό φερομένων τήν κίνησιν ἔστησεν. Εἰ δέ τοῦτό ποτε γεγενῆσθαι ἐξ ἐπιτάγματος κελεύουσι, καί τῆς ἐν ἐσχάτῳ καί μόνῳ ὀρεκτῷ ἱδρύσεώς τε καί μονῆς παρακινηθέντα τά λογικά τόν σκεδασμόν ἔλαβεν, ἵνα μή λέγων ἐρεσχελῶ, τίς ἡ ἀπόδειξις, τάς αὐτάς ἐπί τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἐπ᾿ ἄπειρον ἕξειν τά λογικά μετεμπτώσεις ἐξ ἀνάγκης εἰκότως ὑποθήσονται. Οὗτινος γάρ διά τῆς πείρας καταφρονεῖν ἅπαξ δεδύνηνται, καί εἰς (14∆_066> ἀεί δυνήσεσθαι οὐδείς ὁ κωλύσων ἔστι λόγος. Τοῦ δέ οὕτω φέρεσθαι τά λογικά καί μηδεμίαν ἔχειν ἤ ἐλπίζειν βάσιν ἀμετάθετον τῆς ἐν τῷ καλῷ παγιότητος, τί ἄλλο γένοιτ' ἄν ἐλεινότερον;

Εἰ δέ δύνασθαι μέν φαῖεν, μή βούλεσθαι δέ, διά τήν γενομένην πεῖραν τοῦ ἐναντίου, καί οὕτως οὐ δι᾿ ἑαυτό, ὡς καλόν, ἀλλά διά τό ἐναντίον τό καλόν αὐτοῖς ἔσται ἐξ ἀνάγκης στεργόμενον, ὡς οὐ φύσει ἤ κυρίων ὄν ἐραστόν. Πᾶν γάρ ὅ μή δι᾿ ἑαυτό ἀγαθόν ἐστι καί ἐραστόν καί πάσης ἐλκτικόν κινήσεως οὐ κυρίως καλόν. Καί διά τοῦτο οὐδέ καθεκτικόν εἰκότως τῆς τῶν ἐπ᾿ αὐτῷ ἡδομένων ἐφέσεως, ἀλλά καί χάριν λοιπόν ὁμολογήσαιεν ἄν τῷ κακῷ 1072 οἱ τοῦτο περιέποντες τό φρόνημα, ὡς δι᾿ αὐτοῦ τό δέον διδαχθέντες καί τήν ἐν τῷ καλῷ πῆξιν πῶς ἔχειν μεταμαθόντες καί γένεσιν αὐτό ἀναγκαίως εἴποιεν ἄν, εἴπερ ἑαυτοῖς στοιχεῖν διέγνωσαν, καί τῆς φύσεως αὐτῆς χρησιμωτέραν, ὡς τοῦ συμφέροντος κατ᾿ αὐτούς οὖσαν διδακτικήν, καί τοῦ πάντων τιμιωτέρου κτήματος, τῆς ἀγάπης λέγω, γεννητικήν, καθ᾿ ἥν πέφυκε πάντα τά ἐκ Θεοῦ γινόμενα εἰς Θεόν συνάγεσθαι μονίμως τε καί ἀπαρατρέπτως.

Καί πάλιν, τῶν ἐκ Θεοῦ γενομένων νοητῶν τε καί αἰσθητῶν ἡ γένεσις τῆς κινήσεως προεπινοεῖται. Οὐ γάρ οἷόν τε πρό γενέσεως εἶναι κίνησιν. Τῶν γάρ γενομένων ἡ κίνησις, ἥτε νοητῶν, νοητή, ἤ τε αἰσθητῶν, αἰσθητή. Οὐδέν γάρ τῶν γενομένων ἐστί τό παράπαν τῷ καθ᾿ αὑτό λόγῳ ἀκίνητον, οὐδ᾿αὐτῶν τῶν ἀψύχων καί αἰσθητῶν, ὡς τοῖς ἐπιμελεστέροις τῶν ὄντων θεάμοσιν ἔδοξε. Κινεῖσθαι γάρ πάντα ἔφασαν, ἤ κατ᾿ εὐθεῖαν, ἤ κατά κύκλον, ἤ ἐλικοειδῶς. Πᾶσα γάρ κίνησις τῷ ἁπλῷ καί τῷ συνθέτῳ περιέχεται τρόπῳ. Εἰ τοίνυν προεπονοεῖται τῶν ὧν ἐστι κινήσεως ἡ γένεσις, ἐπιθεωρεῖται δή τῆς ὧν (14∆_068> ἐστι γενέσεως ἡ κίνησις, ὡς μετ᾿ αὐτήν κατεπίνοιαν οὖσα. Ταύτην δέ τήν κίνησιν δύναμιν καλοῦσιν φυσικήν, πρός τό κατ᾿ αὐτήν τέλος ἐπειγομένην, ἤ πάθος, ἤτοι κίνησιν, ἐξ ἑτέρου πρός ἕτερον γινομένην, τέλος ἔχουσαν τό ἀπαθές, ἤ ἐνέργειαν δραστικήν, τέλος ἔχουσαν τό αὐτοτελές. Οὐδέν δέ τῶν γενητῶν ἑαυτοῦ τέλος ἐστίν, ἐπειδή οὔτε αὐταίτιον, ἐπεί καί ἀγένητον καί ἄναρχον καί ἀκίνητον, ὡς πρός μηδέν πῶς ἔχον κινηθῆναι. Ἐκβαίνει γάρ τῶν ὄντων τήν φύσιν, ὡς οὐδενός ἕνεκεν ὄν, εἴπερ ἀληθής ὁ περί αὐτοῦ ὁρισμός, κἄν ἀλλότριος ᾗ ὁ λέγων. Τέλος ἐστίν οὗ ἕνεκεν τά πάντα, αὐτό δέ οὐδενός ἕνεκεν. Οὐδέ αὐτοτελές, ἐπεί καί ἀνενέργητον, ὡς πλῆρες, καί ὡσαύτως καί μηδαμόθεν τό εἶναι ἔχον. Τό αὐτοτελές γάρ πως καί ἀναίτιον. Οὐδ᾿ ἀπαθές, ἐπεί καί μόνον καί ἄπειρον καί ἐπερίγραφον. Οὐ γάρ πάσχειν πέφυκε καθόλου τό ἀπαθές, τῷ μητ᾿ ἐρᾷν ἄλλου, ἤ κινεῖσθαι πρός ἄλλο τι κατ᾿ ἔφεσιν.

Οὐδέν ἄρα τῶν γενητῶν κινούμενον ἔστη, ὡς τῆς πρώτης καί μόνης αἰτίας, ἐξ ἧς τό εἶναι τοῦς οὖσι περίεστι, μήπω τυχόν, ἤ τοῦ ἐσχάτου ἐντός γενόμενον ὀρεκτοῦ, ἵν' ἐκ προγεγενημένης ἑνάδος ὁ τῶν λογικῶν σκεδασμός ἑαυτῷ τήν τῶν σωμάτων γένεσιν ἀκολούθως συνεισκομίσας νομισθῇ. Καί μαρτυροῦσι Μωϋσῆς καί